Uvavanyo lokutshintshwa kweso sixhobo esilula esetyenziselwa ukukhenkca abantu ngeempawu zeengxaki zegazi, ezifana ne- Alzheimer kunye nezinye i-dementias . Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nezinye, iimvavanyo zokucoca ngokucokisekileyo, kodwa nangona xa zisetyenziswe ngokwazo, kunokunika ingqiqo efanelekileyo kumntu okwazi ukuqonda.
Uvavanyo lwe-Clock-Drawing Test is Administered
Ugqirha (rhoqo ugqirha, isazi sezengqondo, okanye unontlalontle) unikezela umntu ukuba ahlolwe isahluko sephepha eneesangqa esandulelwe ngaphambili kwaye umcele ukuba athathe amanani kwiwashi.
Emva koko umxelela ukuba athathe izandla ukuze abonise ixesha elithile. Kukho amaxesha amaninzi ahlukeneyo apho abantu abalawula le mvavanyo bangasebenzisa, kodwa abaninzi bakhetha imizuzu eyi-10 emva kwe-11.
Enye indlela yokumnika umntu ingqonge iphepha kwaye umcele ukuba athathe iwashi ebonisa ixesha lemizuzu engama-10 emva kwe-11. Abanye oogqirha banqwenela ngenjongo yokushiya igama "izandla" kwiindlela zabo zokugwema ukunika i-test-taker isicatshulwa sezinto ezifunekayo ukuba zifakwe kumzobo.
Ukuhlolwa kweMvavanyo
Kukho iindlela ezili-15 ezahlukahlukeneyo zokupasa le mvavanyo. Ezinye zichanekile kwaye zibandakanya ukunikezelwa kwamaphuzu okufakwa kwamanani, ngokuchanekileyo amanani, ii-clock hands, ukudweba ixesha elichanekileyo, kunye neenombolo ezichanekileyo ezibekwe kwii-quadrants ezine. Amanqaku angamahlanu, ama-10, okanye ama-20 anokubandakanyeka kwezinye iindlela zeendlela zokukhetha.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando olupapashwe kwi- Danish Medical Journal lubonisa uphando oluqhathanisa neendlela ezintlanu eziqhelekileyo zokupasa iimvavanyo.
Isiphetho sabo? Indlela elula kakhulu yokufaka amanqaku inikezele ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo nje ngeendlela ezinzima kakhulu.
Indlela elula yokwenza amanqaku iquka ukunika enye ngongoma xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe ngokuchanekileyo kunye neengongoma zero xa iwashi ingagqitywanga ngokuchanekileyo. Umbutho we-Alzheimers's ukhuthaza kwakhona le ndlela yokulula, ekugqibeleni ukuba iwashi eliqhelekileyo (okanye amanqaku enye) libonisa ukungabikho komqondo wokuba u- dementia , ngelixa iwashi eligqityiweyo lingabangela ukuba kuhlolwe ngakumbi.
Iimpazamo zoVavanyo eziPhambili
Uphando olongezelelweyo lufumene iinkalo ezintandathu kule mvavanyo ebalulekileyo ekuboneni ngempumelelo iingxaki ekuqondeni. Ezi zichazwe njengeempembelelo eziphambili zokudweba iwashi kwaye zibandakanya ixesha elingafanelekiyo, akukho zandla, iinombolo ezingekhoyo, ukufaka endaweni yamanani, ukuphindaphinda , nokulahla. Aba baphandi baphetha ukuba ezi mpazamo zithandathu zazingqinelwa ekuboneni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwexesha. Phawula ukuba ukukhanyela ukugqiba uvavanyo nje kungabonakalisa ingxaki.
Iinzuzo zovavanyo lwe-Clock-Drawing Test
- Isixhobo sokujonga ngokukhawuleza: Yindlela enokukhawuleza yokukhupha umntu ukuba abe nengqondo ye-dementia. Kudla ngokufuna kuphela umzuzu okanye ezimbini ukugqiba.
- Kulula ukulawula: Akufuneki uqeqesho oluninzi lokulawula.
- Ukunyamezela kakuhle: Olu vavanyo lulula ukugqiba kune- MMSE kubantu abanenkcazelo emfutshane.
- Namahala: Ngokungafani neemvavanyo ezithile ezinokwenkcenkcesha ezifuna ukuba uthenge ikopi yezixhobo zokuvavanya kunye nokubeka amanqaku, uvavanyo lokujonga iwashi lungagqitywa kunye neendleko zephepha kunye neepeni.
- Ingaba luncedo kumazwe asakhulayo: Ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokuqeqeshwa okufutshane, olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziswa kumazwe anezinto ezincinci.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe- delirium : Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa nezigulana esibhedlele ukuhlola iimpawu ze-delirium. I-Delirium yonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwikhono lomntu lokuqonda. Iyakulandela ukusetyenziswa kwe-anesthesia yokuhlinzwa, umzekelo, kunye nokubangelwa isifo okanye isifo.
Ukuchonga Iingxaki eziSebenzayo zokuSebenza
Enye enye into ebalulekileyo yolu vavanyo, njengoko ishicilelwe kwi- Canadian Medical Journal Association , kukuba iyakwazi ukubona iingxaki ekusebenzeni ngokulawulayo nangona umntu ebala kakuhle kwi- MMSE , isixhobo sokuhlola esivamile. Ukusebenza okuPhezulu kunokukhubazeka ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na ingxaki yememori ibonakala, kwaye ukuchonga oku kwangaphambili kuvumela unyango lwangoko.
Ngokomzekelo, uyihlo angakwazi ukwenza kakuhle kwi-MMSE, ebonisa ukuba imemori yakhe isengacacile, ulwimi lwakhe kunye nezakhono zokubala ziyaqhubeka zisebenza, kwaye uqeqesho lwakhe luhlala luqhelekileyo.
Kodwa, unokwazi ukuba izigqibo zakhe azihlali zilungile. Uyakwazi ukugqoka, kodwa akanako ukufumanisa ukuba kufuneka agqoke iingubo ezifudumeleyo xa kubanda ngaphandle.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amalungu omndeni ngowokuqala ukukrokrela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngenxa yokuba baya kubona ukuba ubungqina bokusebenza kakubi, xa uvavanyo lwe-MMSE kwiofisi logqirha lungenakukubamba oku. Ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-clock-clock yindlela enye yokufumanisa abantu abanokufumana iimpawu zangaphambili zentsholongwane, ezifana nokunciphisa ukusebenza komsebenzi , kodwa kungabonakali ukuphazamiseka kwememori okwamanje.
Kutheni oku kunceda? Amachiza akhoyo okwangoku ukuphatha isifo se-Alzheimer ngokubanzi esebenzayo ngaphambili kwinkqubo yesifo. Kubonakala ngathi banokulondoloza ukusebenza okwangoku ixesha elincinci. Ngoko, ukuba sinokubona ukugula komzimba kwizigaba zayo zangaphambili, sinokuyiphatha kwangaphambili kwaye sinethemba lokunyusa inani lemisebenzi yomntu kakuhle.
Ukuchaneka ekufumaneni izifo ze-Alzheimer okanye enye i-Dementia
Ucwaningo oluninzi lubonisa ukuba olu vavanyo luyisixhobo esihle kakhulu sokukhusela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Iziphumo zayo zihambelana kakhulu nezinye iimvavanyo zesimo sengqondo kunye nobungqina obunobungozi. Kwakhona, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, kubonakala kunakho ukufumanisa iingxaki ngokusebenza komsebenzi ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo zingaphuthelwa.
Nangona uvavanyo lokutshintshwa kwexesha lusetyenziswa ngokucacileyo ekuboneni ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, akukho mvumelwano kuluntu uphando lokuba lukwazi ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwengqiqo okanye ukuncedisa phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sengqondo (njengesifo se-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sengqondo somqondo we-vascular dementia ).
Ukubaluleka koVavanyo loPhando
Ukuba ukrokrela umthandayo unokubonakalisa iimpawu ze-Alzheimer okanye enye ingqondo, kubalulekile ukufuna uvavanyo ngonyango oqeqeshiwe. Baya kusebenza ukulawula ezinye izizathu ezibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwengqondo, njengobunzima be- vitamin B12 kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hydrocephalus , kwakunye nokuchonga isicwangciso esiluncedo sokuxilonga kunye nokunyangwa .
> Imithombo:
> I-Alzheimer's Association. Uvavanyo lokuCognitive. http://www.alz.org/professionals_and_researchers_14306.asp
> I-Aprahamian, I., Martinelli, JE, Liberalesso Neri, A., Sanches Yassuda, M. Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2009 Juni; 3 (2): 74-80. Uvavanyo lokuLwa kwe-clock: Ukuphononongwa kokuchaneka kwayo kwi-Screening for Dementia.
> I-Aprahamian I, uMartellielli JE, uNeri AL, iSanches Yassuda, M. i-International Psychogeriatrics Ukuchaneka kovavanyo lwe-Clock Testing Compared to That of Standard Screening Tests for Diseases of the Alzheimer: Iziphumo ezivela kwiSifundo seBrazil ekhulile kunye ne-Heterogeneous Education Backgrounds.
> Juby, A., Tench, S., no Baker, V. I-Canadian Medical Journal Association. Ixabiso le-Clock Drawing ekuchankeni ukungasebenzi kweCognitive Inabantu kubantu abaneNqanaba lokuHlola lokuHlola kweeNkcukacha zeeNkcukacha zeSizwe.
> Lessig, M., Scanlan J., Nazemi, H., kunye noBorson, S. International Psychogeriatrics. Ixesha Elixelela: I-Error-Drawing Errors for Dementia Screening.