I-pasteurization yinkqubo yokutshisa i-liquids okanye ukutya ukubulala ii-microorganisms (njengeBrucella, i- Campylobacter , i-coli O157: H7, iListeria , i-Mycobacterium bovis, i-Campylobacter, i- Salmonella , ne-Yersinia) engabangela izifo. Yayilungiswa nguLouis Pasteur ngo-1864, kwaye lo mkhuba waba ngumthengisi malunga ne-1800s ngasekuqaleni kwe-1900. Ukongezelela ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwabathengi, ukunqandwa kwamanzi kungaphucula umgangatho kunye nokuphila kweshishini lokutya.
Ubisi obomvu, i-ayisikrimu eluhlaza, i-cheeses eluhlaza, kunye nee yogurts eziluhlaza azixhaswanga. Kukho inkxalabo ekhethekileyo yokuba abafazi abakhulelwe, abantwana kunye nabantu abangenakho ukuxilongwa kwabangenakho ukuxhomekeka kwabo bangasengozini yokusuleleka kwizifo ezibangelwa ubisi obungabonakaliyo. I-TB isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobisi obungasetshenziswanga. I-Brucella ingaba isifo esixhatshazayo esinzima ukuxilonga, esoloko sisasazeka ngobisi.
Iziqhumane ngenxa yobisi obuhlaza ziqhelekileyo kwiindawo apho iRaw Milk ingavunyelwe. Amaqela ahlukeneyo anemiqathango eyahlukeneyo ekuthengiseni le yobisi. Abanye benza ukungekho mthethweni ukuthengisa iMil Raw. Abanye bavumela kuphela ukuba bathengiswe kwiifama.
Iindlela zokwenza iPasteurization
- Iqondo eliPhakamileyo lokuPhathwa kwexesha elifutshane. Ubisi buxhaswa ngo-161 F malunga nemizuzwana eyi-15.
- Ukwelashwa okuphantsi kwexesha elide. Ubisi buxhaswa kwi-145 F malunga nemizuzu engama-30.
- Flash Pasteurization. Olu hlobo lokutya, olubandakanya ukushisa okuphezulu kumasekondi amathathu ukuya kwe-15 olulandelayo lulandelwa ukupholisa kunye nokupakishwa, kusetyenziselwa iibhokisi zokusela kunye nezinye izikhuseleko ezinokugcinwa ixesha elide ngaphandle kwefriji.
- Steam Pasteurization. I-steam enoxinzelelo isetyenziselwa ukubulala u- E. coli , i-Salmonella, kunye noListeria kwizidumbu zenyama. Ukubonakaliswa kwenkomo yenkomo kwi-steam iziphumo kwiqondo lokushisa elingama-200 F.
- Irradiation Pasteurization. Ukubonakaliswa kwimimitha ye-gamma kunokuthintela ukukhula kwezinto ezinokutya ezinjengokutya, iziqholo kunye nokuvelisa.
- Ultrapasteurization. Ukutshisa ubisi okanye ukhilimu ukuya kwi-280 F imizuzwana emibili kungadlulisa ubomi obushushu bebhanki ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-60 ukuya kwi-90.
- Ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-Ultra-High. Ukutshisa ubisi ukuya kwi-280 ukuya ku-302 F malunga nemizuzu engama-1 okanye emibili elandelwa ukupakishwa kwimixokelelwano engenawo moya ivumela ukugcinwa ngaphandle kwefriji ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-90.
Iingoma kunye neenyaniso malunga nokunyusa
- Inkolelo : Ukunciphisa i-pasteurization kunciphisa umgangatho wobisi.
- Inyani : Ukutyunjwa kobisi kubhidliza ezinye zezinto zobisi, kodwa umphumo wokutya okunomsoco uthathwa njengemida.
- Inkolelo : Ubisi olunamanzi lubangela ukunyamezela kwe-lactose .
- Inyani : I-Lactose yi-ushukela wendalo ofumaneka ebisi. Ubisi obisi oluhlaza kunye nolunamanzi luqulethe i-lactose, kwaye ukuguqulwa akutshintshi amazinga e-lactose. Ubisi obisibisi obisibisi bokuba ubisi oluhlaza luqukethe i-Bifidobacteria, iprobiotic ( ibhaktheriya enobuncedo ) enceda ukugaya i-lactose. Nangona ubisi obuhlaza bungenokuba nale probiotics, kubangelwa ukungcola kwizilwanyana zezilwanyana kwaye kungabonwa njengenzuzo.
- Inkolelo : Ubisi olunamanzi lubangele ukubola.
- Inyani : Iiprotheni zobisi ezenza ubandezeleko zikhoyo kubini obusisiweyo kunye nobuncwane. Ukunyanzelisa ubisi akubandakanyi ukunyuka kwesantya .
- Inkolelo : Ubisi obuninzi bunemvelo yokubulala i-microbe.
- Inyani : Ii-enzyme ebisi kunye neendawo ezinamagciwane aquka i-bacteriocins, i-lactoferrin, i-lactoperoxidase, i-lysozyme kunye ne-nisin. Nangona kunjalo, ubuninzi be-enzymes yobisi basinda kwi-pasteurization kodwa badilizwe nge-acid acids ngexesha lokutya.
- Inkolelo : Ukuba i-organic, iphephile.
- Inyani : Kuphela ukuba ubisi lwe-organic lubekwa lukhuseleko.
- Inkolelo : Ubisi kwiifama ezilungileyo zikhuselekile ukuba zihlaziyekile, nangona zingabonakali.
- Inyani : Izifo ziyakwazi ukusasaza nobisi oluvela kwiifama ezilungileyo - ezicocekileyo kwaye ziphathe kakuhle iinkomo.
- Inkolelo : Kulungile ukuba ivela kwi-Co-op okanye inkomo yethu
- Inyani : Izifo ziyakwazi ukusasaza nobisi oluvela kwinkomo yakho okanye kwi-co-op ebonakala ilungileyo.
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe vetshe, i-CDC inomthombo omkhulu wobisi kunye nezinye iinkxalabo zokuphepha kokutya malunga nokukhuselwa kokutya nokunciphisa izifo zokutya.
Imithombo:
I-Pasteurization. Umbutho we-A ukuya ku-Z
Ubungozi boMlambo obuninzi. Isikhungo se-USFDA soKhuseleko lokutya kunye nesondlo esisetyenziswayo.
Bren, L. Got Milk? Qinisekisa ukuba i-FDA Consumer Magazine. Sept-Oct 2004.