Umhlaza wesifo unomdla womhlaza okhula kwi-pharynx (umqala) okanye i-larynx, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "bhokisi yezwi." Igama elithi "umhlaza womlomo" luquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, njengomhlaza wesi-nasopharyngeal, umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, umdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal, kunye neengqungquthela zomdlavuza ezinokuthi zikhule emqaleni.
Sibanzi
I-Cancer ingaqala nayiphi na indawo emzimbeni.
Iqala xa iiseli zikhula ekulawuleni kwaye zixhamle iiseli eziqhelekileyo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba umzimba usebenze ngendlela efanele kwaye ubangela iingxaki kwinxalenye yomzimba apho umhlaza waqala khona.
Iimpawu
Ngelixa iimpawu zingahluka ngokusekelwe kwindawo yecala kunye nohlobo, kufuneka ugcine iso:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Unzima ukugwinya
- Ukuqhubela phambili ukuzwakalisa ilizwi okanye ukucima umqala rhoqo
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Iphunga emqaleni
- Shintsha kwisandi sezwi lakho
- Izandi zokuphefumula ezingavamile
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu kwiiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ukuvavanya. Iimpawu zeso sifo azicacile, zithetha ukuba nazo ziyimpawu zezinye izifo ezininzi, ezininzi zazo ezincinci kunomhlaza wesibeletho. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu eziqhubekayo, ungazilindeli ukuba zihambe zodwa ngaphambi kokuba ubone ugqirha wakho. Ukulibaziseka kunokubangela ukuba umehluko phakathi kokuqala kokufumana umdlavuza, oko kunokuchaphazela umphumo wonyango.
Iimpawu nazo ziza kwaye zihambe. Ukunyamezela akusoloko kuthetha ukuthatha. Ngokomzekelo, unokuba nomqala wesifo ngeveki, kwaye ke iya khona iintsuku ezimbalwa, ize ibuye. Ingaba iimpawu zakho zihlala zihamba okanye ziphosakele, ukwenza ixesha lokuqaphela ukuba ugqirha wakho kubalulekile ukulawula izifo ezifana nomhlaza.
Izizathu
Nangona izazinzulu ziyazi ngokucacileyo oko kubangela umdlavuza womlomo, abaphandi baye bafumanisa izinto ezinobungozi zesifo, kuquka:
- ukutshaya
- utywala
- I-HPV (i-papillomavirus yabantu ngokusebenzisa isondo lomlomo olungakhuselekanga)
- ukunyuka kwe-asbestos
- zokutya
Ukuxilongwa
Umdlavuza onomdla uvame ukufunyaniswa xa umntu efuna ukunonyango unyango omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zimpawu ezingentla.
Okokuqala, ugqirha uya kuhlolisisa imbali yakho yempilo ukukhetha ukuba unobungozi bomdlavuza womqala. Ukuba utshaya, okanye ukuba usela, okanye ukuba uneminye imikhwa engafanelekanga kwimpilo yakho, kubalulekile ukuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba azi. Ngethuba enokukuxwayisa ngendlela le miqobo inokuchaphazela ngayo impilo yakho kwaye ikukhuthaze ukuba uyeke, akayikugweba. Ulwazi olunjengokutshaya okanye utywala lunokunceda ugqirha ukuba achaze ukuba usengozini yezifo ezithile, njengomhlaza womlomo.
Emva koko, ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, ngexesha apho uya kuziva khona umbhoshongo kwindawo nayiphi na izilwanyana okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unomdlavuza okanye esinye isifo, unokuthunyelwa kwi- otolaryngologist , ebizwa ngokuba yi-ENT.
Olu hlobo logqirha lujolise kwiimeko ezihambelana nezindlebe, impumlo, nomqala.
Ukuze ufumane umboniso olungcono phakathi komqala, umgqirha we-ENT unokuncoma ukuba nelaryngoscopy . Ngethuba le nkqubo, inqanaba elincinci, le-fiber-optic lixhaswa emqaleni, ukuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone umva we-throat, larynx, kunye neentambo. Ngethuba le-laryngoscopy, isampuli yamathambo ingathathwa ukuba kukho nayiphi na indawo enokukrokra. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy kwaye ingqina okanye ilawula umhlaza.
Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ubungakanani bomhlaza. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi.
Ugqirha uya kufuna ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiisuncu okanye izitho eziseduze. Isigaba somhlaza wesifo somhlaza siya kuthintela ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokonyangwa kuyo.
Unyango
Kuye kuqwalaselwe izinto ezininzi xa kuqulunqwe isicwangciso sonyango kumntu onomdlavuza womqala. Ubudala bomntu kunye nempilo jikelele jikelele kubalulekile, kunye nohlobo, isigaba, kunye nendawo yomhlaza. Ingaba umdlavuza usasazeka okanye uthatha inxaxheba enkulu ekuqaliseni indlela yokwenza unyango.
Ugqirha kunye neyeza zokwelapha ziyeza iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lomhlaza womlomo. Ugqirha luqhelekile kuzo zonke izigaba zomhlaza wesibeleko kwaye unokuba nefuthe lokuphefumula kwinqanaba lokuqala. Uphando lunokuba lulula njengoko usebenzisa i-laser yonyango ukususa izicubu zomhlaza, okanye mhlawumbi unobundlobongela.
Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lunikezelwa ngonyango oluphambili, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lunikezwa emva kokuhlinzwa ukuba kupheliswe nayiphi na iseli yomhlaza okanye ukususa izicubu zomhlaza ezingenakususwa ngexesha lotyando.
Abanye abantu abanomhlaza wesibeletho bangaphinda bafumane i- chemotherapy ukunyanga kwesi sifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo imiselwe ngokubambisana nezinye iindlela zonyango, njengophando kunye / okanye unyango lwe-radiation, njenge-neoadjuvant okanye unyango oluxhasayo.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/what-cancer
> AmaZiko eNational Health. I-Cancer - umqala okanye i-larynx. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-28 Feb 2011. Ukufikeleleka ngo-18 Juni 2011.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001042.htm