Izimpawu ezisemthethweni ze-autism ziquka ukunqongophala kokuthintana kwamehlo , imiba yokuthetha nenxibelelwano kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo. Ngoko kutheni abazali befuna unyango ukuze bancede abantwana babo balele, babhekane nokuxhalaba, ukutya ukutya, okanye ukuphela kokuphazamiseka kokuthintela? Abaninzi, eneneni, baninzi, abantu abane-autism baneempawu ezingenanto yokusebenzisana nentlalo. Okwangoku, asazi ukuba i-autism ibangela ukuba le mpawu okanye idibaniswe nayo. Kodwa siyazi ukuba bangokoqobo.
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I-Autism kunye neengxaki ezixhasayoUninzi lwabantu abane-autism baneengxaki zengqondo . Basenokuphendula ngokuvakalayo, ukukhanya kunye nokuthintela. Okanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banokuba banqwenela uxinzelelo olunzulu kunye nokuvakalelwa ngokomzimba. Ngandlela-thile, i-hyper- or hyposensityvity ingenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima kakhulu. Yiyiphi umntwana efunda kakuhle xa ephazamiseke ngokukhanya okukhulu, iingubo ezivakalayo kunye nezingubo ezikhawulezayo? Nangona kukho unyango lokuphucula imiba yongqondo, izisombululo ezifanelekileyo ziquka ukuguqula indawo ukuze ihambelane nomntwana.
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I-Autism kunye neengxaki zesisuAbantwana abane-autism banamathuba amaninzi kunabanye abantwana ukuba babe neengxaki zesisu neengqondo. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ulwalamano phakathi kwe-autism kunye neengxaki zesisu kuyisisombululo kwi-autism. Abanye baqaphele ukuba abantwana abaninzi abane-autism baneengxaki zesisu. Ngayiphi na indlela, yenza ingqiqo ekuphatheni iimpawu ngelixa kuqinisekiswa nokutya okufanelekileyo. Ingaba utshintsho kwisondlo kunye nesondlo kunokunceda ukuphilisa i-autism kusenokwenzeka. Kodwa akukho mntwana onesifo sohudo esingapheliyo, isisu esiswini kunye nesiphithiphithi siya kufunda, ukuziphatha okanye ukuhlalisana kakuhle. Ngokuphatha iingxaki ze-GI, abazali banokubanceda abantwana babo ukuba bamkele ngokwengeziwe isikolo, unyango kunye nentlalo yoluntu.
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I-Autism kunye neNqununuOmnye wabantwana abane abane-autism unesifo sokungena. Ukuxhamla kungathatha ukuxhamla ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela kwizinto ezinobunzima okanye ngokukhawuleza. Le ngqungquthela yeempawu kunokukwenza kube nzima ukubona ukutshatyalaliswa, okunokufumaneka kwakhona ngokusetyenziswa kwe-electroencephalograms ebonisa ukutshintsha kweengqondo. Ngokungafani neempawu ezininzi ze-autistic, iinjongo zinezixazululo zonyango. I-Anticonvulsants ikwazi ukulawula ukuphumelela ngokuphumelelayo. Ezinye zezilwanyana ezinokugqithisileyo ziquka i-carbamazepine (Tegretol®), i-lamotrigine (i-Lamictal®), i-topiramate (Topamax®) kunye ne-valproic acid (i-Depakote®). Kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba i-anticonvulsant ikhethiweyo ikhethiweyo kuba abanye banokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu.
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Iingxaki Zokulala Ne-AutismNangona kukho uphando oluncinane ngolu hlobo, kucacile ukuba abantu abaninzi abane-autism nabo banenkinga yokulala. Abanye banexesha elinzima lokulala; abanye bavuka rhoqo ebusuku. Ewe, ukungabi nobuthongo kungenza iimpawu ze-autistic zibi kakhulu: bambalwa abantu bacinga, baziphathe okanye bahlali kakuhle xa bephelile. Abazali, nabo, banokuphazamiseka xa belele ubuthongo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-melatonin, i-hormone-based supplement, inokunceda abantu abane-autism balele. Akwacaci, nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-melatonin ingenza umda omkhulu ekuncedeni abantu abane-autism ukuba balale ubusuku.
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Ukuxhalabisa, ukudandatheka kunye ne-AutismAbantu abaninzi abane-autism baneengxaki zokuxilongwa ngeempawu zokuxhalabisa, ukuxinezeleka kunye nomsindo. Le micimbi ibonakala ixhaphake phakathi kwabantu abane-autism esebenzayo kunye ne-Asperger syndrome. Oku kunokwenzeka kuba abantu abane-autism ephezulu yokusebenza kunye ne-Asperger syndrome bayazi ngokucacileyo ukungafani kwabo kwaye banokuziva ukuba nemiphumo yokuxothwa ngabaontanga. Kodwa ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iingxaki zengqondo ezihamba kunye ne-autism zingabangela ukungafani komzimba kwi-brainistic autism. Izifo zengqondo zingaphathwa ngononophelo, ingqondo yengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kokuziphatha. Ukuba imiba ibangelwa yimicimbi yangaphandle, kunjalo, yenza ingqiqo enkulu ukutshintsha imeko yokusingqongileyo ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zesigulane.
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Ukwahlukana kokuFunda kunye ne-AutismAbantwana abane-autism bafunda ngokungafaniyo. Abanye banokukhubazeka ukufunda okufana no-dyslexia, ngelixa abanye banamakhono angavamile afana ne-hyperlexia (ukukwazi ukufunda ngexesha elincinane kakhulu). Abanye bafumana ixesha elinzima kakhulu ukufumana izakhono zamatriki ezisisiseko; abanye beemathematika "abagciniweyo," bafikelela ngaphaya kwezinga labo bebanga.
Isixhobo esinye sokulawula ukungafani kwemfundo kwi-autism yinkqubo yemfundo yodwa (iEP), uxwebhu oludalwe liqela elibandakanya abazali, ootitshala nabaphathi besikolo. Ngokwicatshulwa, i-IEP yenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuxhasa abantwana be-autistic apho baneengxaki xa beqinisekisa ukuba amathuba okwakha ngamandla. Impumelelo ye-IEP iyahluka kwiimeko zonke.
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Ukugula ngengqondo kunye ne-AutismAkuyinto engavamile ukuba umntu one-autism abuye abe nokugula ngengqondo yengxaki ye-bipolar, ukuxinezeleka kwekliniki, ukukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo okanye ukunyanzelisa. Kunokuba nzima ukuchazela umahluko phakathi "kokunyamezela" (ukuphindaphinda kwezandi, amagama, izinto okanye iingcamango), eziqhelekileyo kwi-autism, kunye nokukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo, oko kukugula ngengqondo. Kwakhona kunokuba lukhuni ukuhlula phakathi kwezifo zesimo sengqondo kunye nengxaki ye-bipolar, i-schizophrenia, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Ukuba unokrokrela ukuba umntu othandekayo nge-autism uhlala ephethwe yingqondo yengqondo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ingcali eneziphumo ezinamandla nabantu abakwi-autism.
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Ukunqongophala kweeNkcazo, iimpendulo zokuziphatha kunye ne-AutismNgokumangalisa, ukuphazamiseka, ukuziphatha kakubi, kunye nobunzima ngokugxila akubandakanyi kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga nge-autism. Oku kuyimangalisa kakhulu kuba yonke into ixhaphake kakhulu. Oko kunjalo, abaninzi abantwana abane-autism nabo banalo i-ADD okanye i-ADHD. Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza anceda nge-ADHD (njengoRitalin) anokunceda abantwana abane-autism ukuphucula ukuziphatha nokugxila. Njengoko kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo, bahluke kakhulu. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba luncedo kuba utshintsho kwimeko apho iziphazamiso zengqondo kunye nokukhathazeka kunye nokuxhasa. Ezinye izixhobo zokunceda zibandakanya amabali asekuhlaleni, iindlela zokufunda ngezandla, kunye neyeza lokudibanisa inzwa.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. Inkcazo yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo. 5. Arlington, VA: UMbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika; 2013.
> Frye R. Ukuhlaziywa kwonyango lwendabuko kunye neyinoveli ukwenzela ukuxhamla kwi-autism disorder disorder: Ukufunyaniswa kwindlela yokuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nophaneli lobuchwepheshe. Imida kwiMpilo kaRhulumente . 2013; 1. i-doi: 10.3389 / fpubh.2013.00031.
> Ming X, Brimacombe M, Chaaban J, Zimmerman-Bier B, Wagner GC. Iziphazamiso ze-Autism: Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zekliniki. Umbhalo we-Child Neurology . 2007; 23 (1): 6-13. i-doi: 10.1177 / 0883073807307102 >.
> Rao PA, uLanda RJ. Umbutho phakathi kobuqhetseba bokuziphatha kunye ne-comorbid ingxaki yokungabikho kwempawu zokugula ngengxaki kubantwana abaneengxaki ze-autism. Autism . 2013; 18 (3): 272-280. i-doi: 10.1177 / 1362361312470494.
> Samsam M. Pathophysiology ye-autism iziphazamiso zeembalo: Ukuhlaziya ukubandakanyeka kwezondlo kunye nokungalingani komzimba. I-World Journal yeGastroenterology . 2014; 20 (29): 9942. i-doi: 10.3748 / wjg.v20.i29.9942.