Ukusetyenziswa kakubi okanye ukusebenzisa ixesha elide kunokunyusa ukwanda
Njengazo zonke iziyobisi, kukho imiphumo emibi echaphazelekayo kunye neyeza-asthma. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iziyobisi ziya kunyamezeleka, kwaye iinzuzo zonyango ziya kukhulula kakhulu kwimiphumo.
Kukho amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, xa isiphumo sangasese sinokuba nzima kakhulu. Xa kwenzeka le nto, inokuthi ibhale, iholele umntu ukuyeka zonke iziyobisi.
Nangona le nto ingaba yinto efanelekileyo kwezinye iimeko, ngamanye amaxesha kungenjalo.
Ngokubanzi, abantu abaqondayo iziphumo zecala ngaphambi kokuba bathathe oko kuya kuba nzima ukuyeka xa kwenzeka. Ngexesha elifanayo, libavumela ukuba babone iimpawu ezinzulu kwaye bafumane ukuphathwa ngaphambi kokuba kube yingxaki.
Iindidi zamachiza ezisetyenziselwa ukwelapha isifo se-asthma zifana neempawu ezihlukeneyo kwaye zibandakanya i-corticosteroids, i-corticosteroids engaphelanga, kunye neyeza zokuncedisa amaxesha amade, i-oral steroids, i-leukotriene modifiers, i-cell stabilizers, kunye ne-modulator-immune.
Corticosteroids
I-corticosteroids engumngcwabo (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inhaled steroids) imiselwe ukuba incede ukukhusela iimpawu ze-asthma. Xa zisetyenziselwa rhoqo, zinceda ukunciphisa ubuninzi kunye nobukhulu bokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Nangona kunjalo, abayi kukhulula ukuhlaselwa xa sele iqalile.
I-corticosteroids engabonakaliyo inokubangela zombini iziphumo zempembelelo zengingqi (zincinane kwinxalenye yomzimba) kunye nemiphumo emibi yenkqubo (echaphazela umzimba wonke).
Imiphumo yesistim isoloko ibe nzima kwaye ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni ixesha elide. Phakathi kweziphumo ezichaphazelekayo:
- I-candidiasis yomlomo (thrush), intsholongwane ekhoyo yefungal yomlomo
- I-Dysphonia (inkohlakalo), ngokuqhelekileyo ixeshana elifutshane
- Umlomo omzimba okanye umqala
- Ukukhwehlela komfutho okanye i-spasms ye-trachea (i-windpipe)
- Ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabantwana
- Ukunciphisa ithambo eluntwini kubantu abadala
- Ukululaza
- I-Clouding yeso (i-cataract)
- Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiso (glaucoma)
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-spacer kudla ukukhupha ezinye zeempembelelo zengingqi. Ungaphinda uhlambe umlomo wakho ukuba kukho ubuhlungu kodwa ungagxininisi njengoko le nto ifumana iziyobisi kwigazi lakho kwaye ibangela ukugqithisa kweempawu.
I-Beta Antagonists emfutshane kunye nexesha elide
Abathinteli be-beta abambalwa (ii-SABAs) njenge- albuterol , basetyenziswe njengamayeza okuhlangula ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza iimpawu ze-asthma. Ngokwahlukileyo, i -agonists esebenza ixesha elide (i-LABAs ) iyaqhubeka isebenza iiyure eziyi-12 okanye ngaphezulu. Iziphumo zempembelo zifana ngokufanayo kuba ezi zi yobisi zibandakanya iindlela ezifanayo zesenzo. Imiphumo ibandakanya:
- Ukongeza kwenani lentliziyo
- Intloko
- Utywala
- Ukuxhalabisa
- Ukhathazeka okanye ukugubha
- Rash
Ngelixa iziphumo zempembelelo zisombulula ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-SABAs, zinokuhlala zihlala kunye ne-LABAs. Isiphumo esifanayo senzeke xa iintshutshiso ze-beta zisetyenziswe ngokugqithiseleyo.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kokukhusela i-inhaler kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kakubi, loo mngcipheko uyanda xa usebenzisa i-LABA, ekhokelela i-FDA ukuba ikhuphe ibhokisi ebomnyama isichengiso malunga nomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yi-asthma ekufeni xa usebenzisa i- Advair (i-fluticasone / salmeterol) .
Iimpembelelo ze-Oral Steroids
I-Oral steroids isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba unayo okanye usemngciphekweni wohlaselo olunzulu.
Ngelixa i-steroids ihanjiswa kwangaphakathi kwisibhedlele, zinikezelwa ngefom yomlomo ukuba iimpawu zakho zizinzima kodwa azidingi ukuba zifakwe esibhedlele. Imiphumo emibi ifana neyo-steroid enganyangekiyo, nangona ixhaphake kakhulu kwaye inzima. Ba nga ndakanya:
- Ukutyeba kwakho
- Ukugcinwa kwamanzi
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Isetyhu ephezulu yegazi
- Ukunyusa ukukhula kwabantwana
- Osteoporosis kubantu abadala
- Ubuthakathaka obuthathaka
- I-Cataracts kunye ne-glaucoma
- Sikashukela
Ukuba ufuna i-steroid yomlomo njenge- prednisone ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu konyaka, i-asthma yakho ayilawulwa kakuhle. Jonga ugqirha uze uphonononge ukuba ngaba kukho utshintsho olufunekayo ukuba lwenziwa kumachiza akho amayeza okanye ukudibanisa iziyobisi.
Leukotriene Modifiers
I-Singulair (i-montelukast) kunye nezinye i-leukotriene modifiers zisebenza ngokuthintela into, ebizwa ngokuba yi-leukotriene, engabangela ukuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma. I-leukotriene modifiers ngokuqhelekileyo iyakunyamezela kodwa inemiphumo echaphazelekayo echaphazelekayo, kuquka:
- Isisu sithukuthele
- Intloko
- Izimpawu ezinjenge-Flu
- Ukhathazeka
- Isihlunu okanye ukuhlanza
- Ukudibanisa kwamanzi
- Rash
Izigulane zeMast Cell
I-Cromolyn sodium kunye ne- nedocromil zi- stabilizers ezisisigxina ezisetyenziselwa abantu abane- asthma ephilileyo . La machiza asebenza ngokuthintela iisitrasi zeentlanzi, uhlobo lweseli legazi elimhlophe, ukufihla izinto ezivuthayo kwiindawo zomoya.
I-Cromolyn sodium kunye ne-nedocromil ngokuqhelekileyo iyakunyamezela kakhulu kunye nemiphumo emibi yecala ekusebenziseni. Uninzi luquka:
- Umonakalo ombi emlonyeni
- Isiqhamo
- Ingqumbo okanye isifo somqala
- Intloko
- Ukudibanisa kwamanzi
- Anaphylaxis, nqabile
I-Anaphylaxis yinto yonke yomzimba, isenzo esithintekayo sokubangela ukunyamezela, ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokufa. Ukuba uthabathe umgca wecala lwesitrasi kwaye ufumana ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula okufutshane, okanye ukuvuvukala ubuso okanye ulwimi, biza u-911 okanye uhambe kwigumbi eliphuthumayo elisondeleyo.
Immunomodulator (Xolair) Impembelelo
I-Xolair i-immunomodulator ekhutshwa njenge-injection. Injongo yejojo ukulungisa indlela i-immune system isabela ngayo kwisifo se- asthma , ngokuyisithintelo ekukhuseleni ukuphendula. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukuvuvukala kunye nentlungu kwiziko lejoza
- Ukugula
- Izifo ezithintekayo zokuphefumula
- Sinusitis
- Intloko
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Anaphylaxis, nqabile
Njengoko i-cromolyn sodium kunye ne-nedocromil, iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> Agbetile, J. kunye noGreen, R. "Iinkqubo ezintsha zokuphatha kunye nokucwangciswa kolawulo lwe-asthma: uphuhliso olujoliswe ngumonde." J I-Asthma Allergy. 2011; 4: 1-12.
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. Ingxelo yePhaneli yeNgcali 3 (EPR3): Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Asthma. " EBethesda, eMaryn; 2007.