Siyazi ukuba ukutshaya kakubi kuwo wonke umntu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela . Ingaba inokukhokelela ekuhlaleni isifo sikashukela? Kukho ubungqina bokuthi ukutshaya kubangelwa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-insulin kubantu abanesifo sikashukela nabangaboniyo. I-CDC ithi ababhemayo banamathuba angama-30-40% amathuba okuphuhlisa isifo sikashukela se-2 kunezidumbu, kunye necuba elingenawo umlilo liphakamisa umngcipheko.
Umngcipheko ukwandisa ukuba utshaya. Akunjalo kuphela kodwa ukuba utshaya, unokufumana ubunzima ekufumaneni i-insulin dose ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulawula iswekile yegazi.
Iingozi zokubhema kumntu wonke
Abantu ababhema ugwayi, okanye abachazwa kuyo nayiphi na umsi wesandla somsi, banomngcipheko ophezulu wesifo senhliziyo, umhlaza womphunga, kunye nomhlaza kunye nentamo yomhlaza ngaphezu kwentloko yabantu. Iingxaki ze-cardiovascular zihlobene nokubhema zibandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukuhlaselwa kwintliziyo, i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nesifo se-vascular circular.
Iingozi zokubhema ngokucacileyo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela
Ababhemayo abanesifo sikashukela banokuthi babe neengxaki ezinzulu, kuquka intliziyo kunye nesifo sesifo, izifo ezibangelwa ukutshitshiswa, i- retinopathy engabangela ubumfama , kunye ne- peripheral neuropathy ebangela ukuphazamiseka.
Uvavanyo lwezeMpilo yabahlengikazi, oluye lwabonelela uluhlu oluninzi lweengcaciso ebalulekileyo kwimicimbi yabasetyhini kunye nempilo yokuphila, yabonisa ukuba abasetyhini besifo sikashukela banomngcipheko wokufa xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abasetyha.
Ababhemayo abanesifo sikashukela banokugqithisa kakhulu (ishukela egazini) kunokuba bangaboni, nokuba banokuzijonga ngokuthe ngqo. Ishukela ephezulu yegazi inomthelela kwiinkalo ezininzi zezempilo.
Kwimeko elungileyo, uphando lubonise ukuba izibonelelo zezempilo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela abayeka ukutshaya baqala ngokukhawuleza.
Ezi ntlawulo ziyaqhubeka zanda kunye nobude besikhathi umntu ehlala engenaye umsi. Ngokubhekiselele kwimiphumo ye-cardiovascular of smoking, i-10 emva kokuyeka, izingozi zangaphambili zokutshaya zifana nezomntu ongathethiyo.
Ukudibanisa phakathi kokuSuba kunye neSifo seswekile
Ukufumana ukutshaya kubangela ukwanda kwe-albuminuria (iprotheni yegazi kumchamo), okukhokelela ekungabikho kwenkunkuma (ukulimala kweengtso) kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphela kwesigxina sesifo se-renal esidinga i-dialysis, kwaye idibene nokunciphisa ukusinda xa kuqhathaniswa nezigulane ze-dialysis ezingenayo ukutshaya.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abavuthayo basenokuba ngaphezu kwabo bangabhemayo ukuphucula i-retinopathy (umonakalo kwamehlo) kunye neuropathy (umonakalo kwiimbilini). I-neuropathy ingakhokelela ekwenzeni ingozi yokulimala, ngokukodwa kwiinyawo. Xa kwenzeka unyawo lweenyawo, ukuphilisa kwakhe kunokuba nzima ukuhamba kwegazi kunye ne-oxygenation ukuya kwimida ekubangelwa kwisifo sikashukela kunye nokutshaya. Oku kunokubangela amanxeba angaphilanga, oku kunokukhokelela ekusulelekeni. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukusuleleka kungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni komsebenzi okanye ekugqibeleni.
Ubungozi bokuThengwa koTywala kwi-Diabetes
Icuba elingenakutshaya liquka ukutshaya nokutshaya iteksi.
Nangona uphando alubonakali naluphi na umngcipheko ocacileyo phakathi kwecuba elingenayo i-smokeless kunye ne-cardiovascular disease kunye / okanye isifo sikashukela, icuba elingabhuqukiyo liyaziwa ngokubangela ukuba i-head and neck neck, kunye nezinye izilonda ezingavamile emlonyeni.
Abasebenzisi abasebenzisa iteksi abangenasifo banesifo esasigxina sesifo sikashukela, kwaye icuba elingenawo utywala liye lahlanganiswa nokuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ukongeza, i-nicotine kwisitya esingasabi naso senza ukuba kunyuka uxinzelelo lwegazi, okwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinxulumene neswekile. Icuba elingatshatyiyo lenza ubungozi obuninzi bomlomo kunye nefuthe elikhuselekileyo lokusuleleka.
Kucaciswe kakuhle ukuba abantu abanesifo sikashukela basengozini enkulu yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ngokubanzi, kwaye isifo esivulekile songeza ngakumbi ingozi.
Uncedo kwabasimi abafuna ukuyeka
Olunye uhlolisiso lwezigulane zesifo sikashukela osibambileyo ufumanise ukuba ukungenelela kokunqanda ukubhema ukubhema ngocingo kunye nokulandelwa kweofisi kwabangela ukuyeka ukuyeka ukubhema okungama-17%, okuphakamileyo kunezinga lokuyeka ngaphandle kokungenelela ngononophelo.
Ukuhamba "kubanda okubandayo," ngamanye amazwi, ukuyeka ukutshaya ngokugqibeleleyo kwimihla ekhethiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa malunga nokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza inani lokubhema i-cigarettes ngosuku. Abantu bahlala befumana iimpawu ezininzi zokukhutshwa kwe-nicotine kunye nokugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo, ngamanye amaxesha kubangela ukuba baphinde babuyeke.
I-Patch kunye nezinye iindlela zokuyeka
Ukubhema kuninzi imodeli yokuziphatha njengoko kukuxiliswa kweziyobisi. Abantu abavuthayo banokufumanisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-nicotine yonyango yokuguqula indawo - umzekelo, i-patch, i-gum, i-lozenges, i-spray ye-nasal okanye i-inhaler-ingabavumela ukuba banqobe iimpawu ezinxulumene nokubhema ngaphandle kwemiphumo yomzimba wokuxoshwa kwi-nicotine. Emva kokuba ukuziphatha ukutshaya kulawulwa, abantu banokuba ngcono ukunyamezela iimiphumo zokuhoxiswa ngaphandle kokubuyela kwiigarethi.
Ezinye iindlela zokunceda ababhemayo ziyeke ukuquka u-Zyban (bupropion) kunye neCantix (varenicline). Ekuqaleni kuthengiswa njenge-anti-depressant, ekugqibeleni uZyban wafunyanwa ekuncedeni ababhemayo xa bezama ukuyeka. Inomlinganiselo okhutshwe ngokukhululeka kwaye ngoku udayiswe ngokukodwa ukuyeka ukutshaya.
I-Chantix ikhusela i-nicotine receptors kwinkqubo yeentlanzi kwaye ibonakaliswe ukunceda abantu bayeke ukutshaya. Kunconywa ukuba izigulane zithathe i-Chantix ixesha leveki ngaphambi kokushiya i-cigarettes, ngcamango yokuba abayikuphosa i-nicotine, ekubeni baye bafumana i-nicotin receptors kwinkqubo ye-nervous for some time.
Ngeli xesha, ezinye iziyobisi kuquka ukuxhatshazwa nokuxhatshazwa kwamachiza ahlaselwayo, kodwa akukho ncinane okanye akukho datha yokuxhasa ukusebenza kwabo ekuncedeni ababhemayo bayeke. Njengamanje, ishishini lezobisi lisebenza ukuphuhlisa amayeza amasha ukunceda abo banqwenela ukuyeka ukutshaya.
I-hypnosis kunye ne-acupuncture zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunceda ukuyeka ukutshaya. Nangona ezi zifundo zinganiki ubungqina bokuba ezi zinto zibanceda ngokwenene abantu bayeke ukutshaya ngecala, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abo bazama ukunyanga kwabo bangatyala imali xa beyeka ukutshaya kwabo. Ngoko ke, ezi zinto zingabakhuthaza.
Imingcipheko yempilo yokusebenzisa itekyi nangayiphi na ifom ecacisiweyo. Ingaba unesifo sikashukela okanye awukho, ukuyeka ukutshaya kukuguqulwa kwindlela yokuphila kwimpilo engcono.
Imithombo:
ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Imiphumo yezeMpilo yoTshishino-iminyaka engama-50 yenkqubela phambili: Ingxelo yeGqirha Jikelele. I-Atlanta: Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu, amaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuKhusela, iZiko leSizwe leZifo ezingapheliyo Ukukhusela nokuKhuthazwa kwezeMpilo, i-Ofisi yokuTshisa kunye neMpilo, ngo-2014.
ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ingxelo yeGqirha Jikelele. Indlela Umoya Wobhegi Obangelwa Ngayo Izifo: Oko Kuthetha Kuwe. I-Atlanta: Isebe lezeMpilo lezeNtlalo yase-US, amaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuPhepha, iZiko leSizwe leZifo eziPhezulu nokuKhuthazwa kwezeMpilo, i-Ofisi yokuTshisa kunye neMpilo, ngo-2010.
I-Östenson CG, iHilding A, i-Grill V, i-Efendic S. "Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwecuba elingabheki (" snus ") liqikelela ukuba kwandisa ingozi yoluhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kwiminyaka eyi-10 ekufundeni abantu baseSweden abaneminyaka eliphakathi. I-Scand J Impilo Yoluntu. 2012 Dec; 40 (8): 730-7. i-doi: 10.1177 / 1403494812459814. Epub 2012 Oktobha 31.