Mhlawumbi uye wadibana nomntu obiza ukuba uyimfama okanye ubuncinane uye wakuva okanye wayifunda ixesha elikuyo. Nangona kubonakala kungenakucacisa ukuba ubhale imeko yempilo "esemthethweni," ngokusemthethweni imfama ibhekisela kwinkcazo yobumpumputhe eqondwa yi-arhente karhulumente kunye nabanini-mshwalense bempilo ukuchonga ukuba umntu ufanelekile kwiintlobo ezithile.
Amasebe ezithuthi, afuna indlela yokulinganisa indlela abaqhubi abanokuzibona ngayo ukuze bakwazi ukugcina iindlela zethu neendlela ezikhuselekileyo, zisetyenziswe le nkcazo.
Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuThinjwa, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-3.3 abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 bayimfama okanye banemibono ephantsi. Izimbangela ezibangela ukuphofisa zihambelana nobudala kwaye zibandakanya ukutshabalalisa kwe-macular, i-cataract, i-glaucoma, kunye ne-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.
Ngokungafani nalabo abayimfama ngokupheleleyo, oku kuthetha ukuba abakwazi ukubona nayiphi na into ngaphandle kweyeso, abaninzi abantu abanempumputhe ngokomthetho abanombono othile, ngokweMelika Foundation for Blind.
Inkcazo Esemthethweni
Ukuqwalaselwa njengomntu oyimfama, kufuneka udibane nenye yeendlela ezilandelayo:
- Ubungqina bakho obubonakalayo buyi-20/2006 okanye ngaphezulu kweso apho unokubona ngaphandle kweyona nto. Ubuninzi bobuboniso bubhekisela kumntu osondeleyo ukuba umntu abe yinto engamawaka angama-20 ukuze uyibone ngokubanzi. Umbono oqhelekileyo ulinganiswa ngo-20/20. Ukuba unobunzima obubonakalayo obuyi-20/80, kuya kuthetha ukuba uza kukwazi ukubona iinkcukacha ezivela kumama angama-20 ukusuka kwinto efanayo nomntu oneminyaka engama-20/20, okanye oqhelekileyo, umbono ungabonwa ukusuka kwii-80 kwienyawo. Umntu oyimpumputhe esemthethweni onombono we-20/200 uza kufuneka abe ngamawaka angama-20 ukusuka kwinto ukuze awubone kunye nomntu onombono we-20/20 unokuwubona ukusuka kumama-200 ukusuka. Enye indlela yokuyijonga: Ukuba umntu onomboniso we-20/20 wayemi eduze komntu ongenamthetho, ukuze umntu oyimfama angaboni into ehamba ngamamitha angama-200 kunye nomntu onomdla oqhelekileyo uya kufuneka ufike kufutshane kunye neenyawo ezili-20 kuwo.
- Intsimi yakho ebonwayo ayikho i-degrees engama-20. Ukuba umntu unentsimi ebonakalayo yama-degrees angama-20 kuphela, unokubona izinto ezilungileyo phambi kwakhe ngaphandle kokufuduka amehlo akhe ukusuka ecaleni ukuya kwicala kodwa akakwazi ukubona nantoni na. Ngokwahlukileyo, intsimi ebonakalayo ye-degrees ezingama-180 ithathwa njengesiqhelo. Ixesha elithile elibonakalayo elingabonakaliyo libizwa ngokuba ngumbono we-tunnel . Yenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukungaboni ngokusemthethweni kusekelwe ekubukweni kwamehlo angalungiswa . Ukuba iiglasi okanye i-lens ziyakwazi ukuphucula umboniso wakho ku-20/200 okanye ngaphezulu, ulungele inkcazo yemfama.
Ukuphila Ngempumpo
Ukulahlekelwa kwikhono lokubona kunokwesabisa, kodwa akudingeki ukuba unciphise amandla akho okuphila ubomi bakho. Kukho ezininzi iimithombo kunye nemveliso yabantu abangaboni kakuhle-ezivela kwiidolo kunye nababalawuli bokuthetha kwiikomityi zokukhusela kunye neprojekthi ekhethekileyo yekhompyutha.
Nangona i-Amazon ithengisa izinto ezilungiselelwe ukuba ziyimfama. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukulahlekelwa ngumbono wakho kuya kuthatha ininzi yokusetyenziswa, kodwa akufanele kukuyeke ukwenza yonke into oyenzayo xa ubona.
Umthombo:
I-American Foundation ye-Blind, http://www.afb.org/info/blindness-statistics/key-infinitions-of-statistical-terms/25, 2008
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. I-Vision Vision Initiative (VHI): Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zamehlo. " Sept 29, 2015.