Ukulahleka kombono womntu kunokwesabisa, kwaye ukulahlekelwa yikhono lokuzinyamekela yinto engekho nathi ofuna ukucinga ngayo. Uninzi lwethu aluqapheli ukuba sithembele kangakanani kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo ukufeza konke esikwenzayo ngosuku olulodwa. Ukulahleka kombono-nokuba ukulahlekelwa kombono omncinci-kunokuphazamisa nokuguqula ubomi. Imiqathango efana ne- glaucoma , ukutshabalalisa kwe-macular , i- retinal detachments kunye ne-retinitis pigmentosa inokubangela ukuba abantu baphuphe ngokukhawuleza umbono ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Xa kwenzeka kuwe okanye umntu omthandayo, zonke iintlobo zeemvakalelo ezinokuthi zifumaneke. Imiphumo ingaba yimizimba kunye nemvakalelo, ingathinti nje kuphela umntu ojongene nokulahleka, kodwa kunye nosapho, abahlobo kunye nabathandekayo ababajikelezile. Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokugqoka kusasa okanye ukupheka ukutya okuthandayo, kunokuba nzima kakhulu, nokuba kungenakwenzeka, kubangela ukulahlekelwa kukuzimela nokukhathazeka okukhulu. Ukunyamekela umntu onokulahlekelwa kombono kungaphinda kuhlanjwe ngokomzimba nangokwenyama. Ukufunda iindlela zokuncedisa abanye ukujamelana nokulahlekelwa kombono kunokwenza lula ukwesaba kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa yimvakalelo.
Umbono Ukulahlekelwa kunye nosizi
Abanye oogqirha baqhathanisa ukusabela kokuqala ekulahlekelweni kombono kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo zosizi emva kokulahlekelwa ngumntu othandekayo. Umntu ojongene nokulahleka kombono uhamba ngokuya kwenkqubo efanayo. Usizi luyimpendulo yendalo ngokwelahleko enkulu. Amanqanaba entlungu aquka ukuphika, ukuxinezeleka, umsindo, kwaye ekugqibeleni uyamkela.
Ukuqonda iimvakalelo ezihamba kunye nalezi zigaba kunokukunceda kakhulu ukukhulula ukwesaba ukuze uqhubeke phambili:
- Ukulahlwa : Xa umntu efumana iindaba malunga nokulahleka okukhulu, ukuziva ukungabi nakholwa kuyabakhokelela. Nangona emva kwexesha elidlulileyo, le ntsilelo yokungazikho iyakwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- Ukudandatheka : Imiva yokudabuka kunye nokuzihlukanisa kunzima ukunqoba. Umntu uya kuziva wedwa, ecinga ukuba akukho mntu unokukwazi ukuqonda impembelelo yokulahleka kwabo. Ezi zintlungu zokudabuka zivame ukubenza abantu bahoxise ubomi babo obuqhelekileyo bentlalo, babashiye benengqondo yokungathembeki.
- Intukuthelo : Umntu onokulahlekelwa kombono unokubuza "kutheni na?" Njengoko iimvakalelo zokudandatheka ziqala ukunciphisa, amandla angaphezulu afumaneka ukubonisa iimvakalelo zomsindo. Intukuthelo inceda abantu ukuba baqhubele phambili baze bavelele intlungu yabo kunye nokudandatheka ngaphandle.
- Ukwamkeleka : Ngexesha lokugqibela lusizi, uvakalelo lwethemba luqala ukubuyela. Omnye uqala ukufumana amaxesha ethemba ngekamva. Ngeli themba kuza ukufumana izakhono ezintsha ezenza ukubuyela kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo.
Umbono wokulahlekelwa kunye nokuzimela
Enye yezona ndlela ezibalulekileyo zokunceda umntu onokulahlekelwa ngumbono kukubanceda bakholelwe ukuba abodwa. Ukulahleka kombono kuthintela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-6.5 e-United States abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuvumela abathandekayo bazi ukuba banokufikelela kwabanye abajongene nokulahlekelwa kwimbono kunye neengcali ezifana nogqirha weziliso, iingcali zembono ophantsi okanye umntu onguchwepheshe onyango.
Kwimimandla yoluntu yanamhlanje, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokufumaneka.
VisionAware iyi-website exhaswe yi-American Foundation ye-Blind ne-Reader's Digest Partners for Sight Foundation. Inika urhulumente ngoluhlu lweenkonzo zeenkonzo ezibonakalayo ezingabonakaliyo. Abantu bakhona ukuze bancede.
Ukubuyela kwiSiqhelo
Njengomnakekeli, qi nisela isigulane sakho okanye umthandayo ukuba ukuba bazimisele ukwenza utshintsho, kunokwenzeka ukuba baqhubeke bevuya ngezinto ezithandayo kunye nemisebenzi. Ngakumbi xa bekulungele ukuqhubeka bathatha inxaxheba kuluntu, kuya kuba lula kubo ukuba baqhubeke nemisebenzi yabo eyintandokazi.
Baxelele ukuba akufanele bayeke ukusebenza. Nangona kukho ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ethile, abantu abaninzi abahlakulela ukulahlekelwa kombono bayaqhubeka kwizakhono zabo zangoku. Mhlawumbi udibanisa nabantu nsuku zonke ngombono ophantsi kwaye akawuqondi ngenxa yokuba basebenzayo kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu, nangona nombono owehla.
Ukufikelela kwiNcedo
Xa bekulungele, unokucinga ukuba ubhalisa umthandwa wakho eklasini ukufunda izakhono ezintsha zokufumana ukuzimela. Iiklasi zifundiswa ngabachwephesha bokuhamba ngombono abancedisa ukufundisa iindlela ezizezinye zokugcina ukuzimela. Iingcali zengqesho zifundisa nokuhamba kunye nezakhono zezithuthi ezifunekayo ukuba zisebenze ngombono ophantsi.
Isisombululo kunye nezixhobo ziyafumaneka ukuncedisa ukupheka ukutya okuthandayo ekhishini ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ekhaya, ukuhlawula iindleko zodwa, nokwenza neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. I-teknoloji iye yaqhubela phambili ukunceda kule mi sebenzi. Iikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo ziyakwazi ukulungelelana nomntu onomqondo owehla.
Iingcebiso zokujongana
Labo abanemibono yokulahleka kwemfundo bangafundiswa indlela yokuqhubeka bephila ubomi obunemveliso. Ukulandela uluhlu lweengcebiso kunye neengcebiso zokuncedisa umntu onombono oncitshisiweyo ukuba afunde indlela yokuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yansuku zonke:
- Amalensi e-eyeglass anikwe amandla aphezulu angakwandisa izinto zokufunda.
- Amalensi aphakamileyo aphakanyisiweyo kunye nokukhanyisa okwakhiwe angasetyenziselwa ukufunda kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci ezifuneka zibonwe ngokucacileyo.
- Izixhobo zokukhulisa idijithali zisebenzisa ividyo okanye imifanekiso ukukhulisa izinto ezithile zokujonga.
- Iincwadi ezininzi, amaphephandaba kunye namaphephancwadi ziyafumaneka kwifomati enkulu yokuprinta.
- Iibhente zomsindo zivumela ukuzonwabisa kweziincwadi ezinzima ukuzifunda.
- Ukususa i-clutter nokubuyisela ifenitshala kwenza kube lula ukuhamba phakathi kwamagumbi okanye ukuya phezulu.
- Ukwandisa inani kunye nokukhanya kwezibane nezibane ezijikeleze indlu zingancedisa kwimibono.
- Ukufaka ukukhanya kancinci komsebenzi phantsi kweekhikhiti kunye neitofu kungasiza ekuphekeni nasekulungiseni ukutya.
- Ukufaka ukukhanya okungcono ekhaya lakho okanye kwindawo yokusebenzela kunokunceda ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
- Ukugcina ukutyelela rhoqo kwi-optometrist okanye i-ophthalmologist kunokugcina isheke kwiso lakho nempilo yombono. Ukulungisa iingxaki zombono ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izixhobo zombono ophantsi kuzakusebenzisa kangcono umbono osebenzayo.
ILizwi
Ukuba umntu obathandayo ulahlekelwa yimbono, kukho ezinye izinto onokuzenza kwaye uthe oku kuya kunceda kakhulu. Kufuneka ucinge kakhulu ngemeko yabo. Ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo womntu obone ukulahleka kombono kuba ngumlingani obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokubuyiselwa kombono. Umhlobo wakho okanye ilungu losapho oye wafumana ukulahleka kombono unokufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nokuxhalaba xa beqala ukufumana kunzima kakhulu okanye akunakwenzeka ukubhala, ukufunda okanye ukuqhuba. Nazi apha ezinye izicwangciso zokuncedisa wakho omthandayo-onokubambisana nokujongana nokulahleka kombono:
- Gwema ukuba ungaphaya.
- Nceda ukwakha ukuzithemba.
- Qaphela ukuba kwenziwe inkqubela phambili.
- Khuthaza ukuzithemba.
- Musa ukoyika. Buza ngqo indlela onokukunceda ngayo.
- Buza ngaphambi kokunceda ukukhuthaza ukuzimela.
- Baxelele ukuba ukhona kwaye uhlala apho xa badinga uncedo ngento ethile.
- Xoxa ngemicimbi yabo kwaye ningesabi ukufumana izicombululo kunye.
> Umthombo:
> Umbutho wase-American Optometric, Ukunyamekelwa koMonde kunye nokuPhathwa koMonakalo; Ukubuyiselwa kombono ophantsi. I-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline, 18 Okthoba 2007.