I-Osteopenia ichazwa njengento ephantsi yeethambo ezibangelwa ukulahleka kwethambo. I-Osteopenia ivame ukuhamba phambili kwe- osteoporosis , imeko eqhelekileyo yamathambo ahlambulukileyo angakhokelela ekugqibeleni. Amagama amabini ezonyango maxa wambi adidekile kwaye kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhluka kunye nendlela nganye inxulumene ngayo nesifo samathambo.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-osteopenia kunye ne-osteoporosis kukuba i-osteopenia ayithathwa njengesifo xa i-osteoporosis.
Endaweni yoko, i-osteopenia ithathwa njengommakishi wengozi yeentambo.
Osteopenia ichazwe
I-Osteopenia ifumaneka xa ukubunjwa kwethambo elitsha kungenzeki kwisantya esinokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwethambo eliqhelekileyo. Ukuxinwa kwe-Bone scans kuye kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa. Ngaphambi kokuvavanywa kwethambo loxinzelelo , ama-radiologists basebenzisa igama elithi osteopenia ukuchaza amathambo abonakala ngathi ayedlulele kunezinto eziqhelekileyo kwi-x-ray, kwaye igama elithi osteoporosis lichaza ukuvela kwe-vertebral break.
I-Bone mineral densitometry, okanye ubukhulu beethambo, iguqule ezo nkcazelo. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, i-osteoporosis ichazwa njengama-T a--2.5 okanye aphantsi kunye ne-osteopenia ichazwa njengamanqaku angaphezulu kwe--2.5 kodwa ngaphantsi kwe--1.0. Iimpawu ezingaphezulu kwe--1 ziqhelekileyo. Amanqanaba T isifo sakho seethambo xa kuthelekiswa nento eqhelekileyo kulindelekileyo kumntu omdala osempilweni wakho wesini. Ukusebenzisa le khrayitheriya, izigidi ezingama-33.6 zaseMerika zine-osteopenia.
Ukubaluleka kwaloo manani kufana nokuchonga obani abanesifo esiphezulu okanye abo bane-cholesterol emida. Ngamanye amagama, ukuchonga iqela elisengozini yokuphuhlisa isifo.
Ezinye izinto ezibangelwa ingozi yokuphulwa
I-Osteopenia yinto enye yengozi yokuphuka. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ziquka:
- ukuphulwa kwangaphambili
- ubudala (ingozi yokuphuka ikhula ngokukhula)
- ukutshaya (kunciphisa amathambo)
- ukusela ngaphezulu kwezi-2 zokusela izidyobisi ngosuku (kwandisa ubungozi bokuqhaqha isisu )
- Ubunzima bomzimba obuncinane (ukwandisa ingozi yokuqhaqha isisu)
- ubuhlanga kunye nesini (abafazi abamhlophe banamaxesha angama-2 okanye ama-3 engozi xa kuthelekiswa namadoda okanye abafazi abamnyama nabaseSpeyin)
- ukuba nomzali obenokuqhaqha
- yokuphila
- ukungena kwe- calcium ne-vitamin D
- Iimeko eziphakamisa umngcipheko wokuwa njengemibono engafanelekanga, izicathulo ezingekho kakuhle, iimeko zonyango ezichaphazela ukulinganisela, ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza omzimba, okanye imbali yokuwa
- ukuthatha amayeza athile, kuquka i- corticosteroids inokubangela i-glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
- Ukuba nezimo ezithile zonyango, ezifana nesifo se-rheumatoid okanye ezinye izifo ze-rheumatic zingabangela ukuba i-osteoporosis yesibini
I-osteoporosis yesibini iyenzeka xa isifo esingaphantsi kwesifo, ukungabikho, okanye iziyobisi kubangela i-osteoporosis. Xa kungaboniswa isizathu sesekondari, imeko iya kubhekiswa njenge-primary osteoporosis.
Ukutshintsha kweendlela zokuphila kunganciphisa ukunyuka kwethambo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weentlobo. Izitshintsho zendlela yokuphila ezinokukunceda ukuthintela iifracture zibandakanya:
- ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
- ukuthatha inxaxheba ekusebenziseni rhoqo, kubandakanya ukuzivocavoca umzimba (ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukuhamba, i-tenisi yimizekelo yesenzo sokunyamezela xa uhlamba kungekhona ukuzala)
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo i-vitamin D eyanele kunye ne-calcium ekudleni kwakho okanye ngokuthatha izongezo zokutya
- Akutshaywa
Ukuba nokuvavanywa kwamathambo rhoqo kunokuncedisa ukunyuka kwethambo ukulahleka nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezinto eziqhekekileyo ngokujonga ukulingana kwamathambo. I-US Prestation Services Services Force (USPSTF) yabona ubungqina obufanelekileyo bokuthi imilinganiselo yexinzelelo yeethambo ithetha ngokuchanekileyo umngcipheko wezahlulo kwixesha elifutshane kwaye yenzele ezi ngcebiso malunga nokuhlola i-osteoporosis.
Unyango
Amachiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-osteoporosis kodwa oogqirha (i-rheumatologists, i-gynecologists, oogqirha bezilwanyana zangaphakathi, kunye neengcali zonyango) abaphatha izigulana ezibonisa iimpawu zokulahleka kwethambo ekuqaleni azivumelani rhoqo kwikhosi efanelekileyo.
Ngaba izigulane ezine-osteopenia zingaphathwa ngamachiza okuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwi-osteoporosis?
I-National Osteoporosis Foundation, i-American Association ye-Clinical Endocrinologists, kunye neNorth American Menopause Society incomela ukuba izigulane ezine-osteoporosis okanye i-fracture zimele ziphathwe kodwa akukho ukungahambelani kwinto ekhuthazwayo kubantu abane-osteopenia. Ngaba unyango lwe-osteopenia luyimfuneko okanye lube nexabiso?
Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba ukunyanga i-osteopenia ngemishanguzo ayiyi kuba yindleko. Ngeminye yemingcipheko eyongezelelekileyo, njenge-corticosteroid esebenzayo okanye i-rheumatoid arthritis, unyango lwe-osteopenia luba luqwalaselo oluninzi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba izibalo ezizimeleyo azikwazi ukuqikelela ukuba zeziphi izigulane ezine-osteopenia ziza kuphazamiseka kwaye izigulane aziyi kuba. Ukuvavanya zonke iimeko zokubeka ingozi yindlela efanelekileyo yokugqiba ukuba ngaba unyango olwenziwe ngonyango lwe-osteoporosis luboniswa. Izigulane ezineempawu zokulahlekelwa kwethambo lokuqala kufuneka zijolise ekuguqulweni kwendlela yokuphila kwaye zixubushe ngeenzuzo kunye neengozi zonyango lwe- osteoporosis kunye nogqirha wabo.
> Imithombo:
> Cummings MD, uSteven R. Owesifazane oneminyaka engama-55 ubudala kunye ne-Osteopenia. Umbhalo we-American Medical Association .
> IKhosla MD, i-Sundeep. okqhubekayo. Osteopenia. I-New England Journal of Medicine . Meyi 31, 2007.
> Payne, uJanuwari W. Ngaba Ukulahlekelwa Kwamathambo Okuqala Kuthetha Ukuba Unayo Izidakamizwa? Iindaba ze-US kunye neNgxelo yehlabathi . NgoJanuwari 30, 2008.
> I-Torpy MD, uJanet M. Osteopenia kunye nokuVimba kwamaFractures. Umbhalo we-American Medical Association .