Ukuphazamiseka Kweengxaki Ngeziphumo Ezihlukeneyo
Abantu ngamanye amaxesha badibanisa i- multiple sclerosis (MS) kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer (AD) , iziphazamiso ezimbini ezibonakaliswa kukudakalisa kwemisebenzi ethile ye-neurological. Ngamanye amaxesha kuya kuhamba phambili ekuphuhlisweni kweempawu, kwaye zombini unako ukudala ukukhubazeka okukhulu kubantu abachaphazelekayo.
Kodwa, ngaphaya kwezi ziphumo, zombini i-MS ne-AD inezizathu, iimpawu kunye neyeza zonyango ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaloo ndlela, banokuthathwa njengabazala basemazweni aqhelekileyo, ngokuphawulekayo kunye namaxesha athile ababetha ngokufanayo, kunokuba bahlolisane ubudlelwane.
Ukwahluke kwiiMbangela
I-Multiple sclerosis ithathwa ngabaninzi ukuba yintlupheko yokuzimela ngokuzimela komntu eyenza umonakalo wokuzivikela omzimba kubangela umonakalo kwengubo yokukhusela emithanjeni (ebizwa ngokuba ngumthi we- myelin ). Ngaloo ndlela, i-MS ikwahlula njengesifo sokudemelisela apho iimpawu zihambelana nomonakalo owenziwe yizona nxalenye zesistim se-nervous central, kubandakanya ubuchopho, intambo yomgogodla kunye neentlophe ze-optic.
Nangona kukho ikhona ingxoxo malunga neendlela ezichanekileyo ze-MS, ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba eso sifo sinokudibana ne- Epstein-Barr virus , i-genetic okanye i-environmental factors, okanye neengxaki ze-metabolization ye-vitamin D.
Isizathu se-Alzheimer's rest remains little obscure. Njengokuba kunjalo ne-MS, izinto ezinjenge-genetics, indlela yokuphila, kunye nemvelo zikholelwa ukuba zidlala inxalenye, nangona kunjalo kwaye yintoni na inqaku elingaphelaniyo lisaziwayo.
Ngoxa i-AD ingabonwa njengesifo esidemelisayo, ngezinye iinkhathi kubonakala ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwemimoya kubonakala kwangaphambi kokubonakala kweempawu (ezidla ngokubhekiselele ekulahlekeni kwememori). Kodwa ngokungafani ne-MS, ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo akuhambelani nokudemela. Oko sikubona kunokuba umonakalo oqhubekayo kunye nokufa kwiiseli zesiswini ( neurons ) kwingqondo ngokwayo.
Ukungafani kwiimpawu
Akunjalo nje kuphela indlela i-MS eyabangela ngayo umonakalo wento eyahlukahlukileyo kwi-AD, ngokunjalo, yenza le impawu. Nangona kukho ukulwa phakathi kwezifo, i-MS idibene nenani elibanzi lokuqonda, imoto kunye neempawu zomzimba, ngoxa i-Alzheimer ibonisa ngokutshabalalisa kwengqondo.
Nge-MS, intlungu, ukuxubha kunye nokuxakeka kwemisipha kunokubambisana neengxaki ze-urinary, ezibonakalayo kunye neengqondo. Ngo-AD, ngakwelinye icala, isifo sibonisa ukulahleka kweenkcukacha ngokuqhubekayo (iingcamango, iinkumbulo, imibutho) imiba kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha.
Ezi ntlukwano zihambelana nomendo ngamnye wesifo ngasinye, kubandakanywa naziphi iiseli ezichaphazelekayo, indlela abahlaselwa ngayo, kwaye nini.
- Nge-MS, iimpawu zixhomekeka kakhulu kwindawo apho ukunyuswa kwe-demyelination kwenzeka. Inkqubo ayibangele ukuba izibilini zenzeke, ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa kakhulu unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zamathambo. Yinkqubo engavamile eyenzekayo nayiphi na iminyaka ukususela kuma-20 ukuya phambili.
- Nge-AD, iimpawu zihambelana ne-buildup yeeprotheni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-plaque, phakathi kweeseli zesisombululo kwingqondo. Nangona le nto ithathwa njengenkqubo eqhelekileyo njengomntu osemdala, ikhawuleza kwaye ikhuliswa ngabantu abane-Alzheimer's. Ngaloo ndlela, kudla ukufunyanwa ngokubanzi kubantu abangaphezu kwama-50 no-60.
Ulwahlulo kwiZonyango kunye neziPhumo
Ngokusekelwe kumbambano weempawu, akuyikumangaliswa kukuba unyango lwe-MS ne-AD luhluke, ngokunjalo.
Unyango lwe-MS ngokukodwa lujolise kwizinto ezimbini: ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kumalungu kunye nezicubu ezine-steroids kunye nezidakamizwa ezichasayo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwempendulo ye-immune ngezilwanyana zokuzibulala. Olunye unyango kunye nonyango lungasetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukulungisa ukungabikho , ukungaxhatshali ngokwesondo , iingxaki zombono , okanye iingxaki zengqondo .
Nangona kungekho nonyango ye-MS, ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango umgangatho wobomi ungaphucula kakhulu, kunye neepesenti ezingama-40 ziphila kakuhle kwii-70 zazo.
Unyango lwe-AD uncinci kakhulu kwiziphumo zayo. Nangona kukho inani leziyobisi eziphuculweyo ezikhoyo namhlanje, impendulo iyahluka. Akukho unyango olwaziyo ukunyanga, ukuguqula, okanye ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Emva kokuxilongwa, ngaphantsi kwepesenti ezintathu zabantu abafumana i-AD baphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-14.
> Imithombo:
> Burns, A. "Ukuphononongwa kwezonyango: Izifo ze-Alzheimer's." BMJ. 2009; 338: b158.
> Tsang, B. kunye noMacdonnell, R. "I-Multiple sclerosis - ukuxilongwa, ukuphathwa, nokuchasisa". Aus Fam Phys . 2011: 40 (12): 948-55.