Inkqubo yokugaya inyama ibaluleke kakhulu kumzimba. Ukutya akukho kwifom umzimba onokuwusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza, ngoko yinkqubo yokutya okufuneka uyidilize phantsi kwayo. Ngokungcola, umzimba ufumana izondlo ezidinga ukutya kunye nokuphelisa nantoni na ayifuniyo. Olu luhlobo oluphambili lwendlela yokutya, kodwa kusobala ukuba kukho konke okuninzi okungena kuwo okwenza konke kusebenze.
Kwaye, ngelishwa, oku kuthetha ukuba izinto zihamba ngokungahambi kakuhle. Ngeenjongo zeli nqaku, sixubusha inqanaba lokutya lokutya elincinci elingazange litshintshwe ngophengululo, njengokwenza i- colectomy , ukususwa kwe-gallbladder , okanye ukuthengiswa .
Ubude beNkqubo yeSigestive
Inkqubo yokugaya iyakwazi ukuhluka ngobude mhlawumbi ukusuka kumntu kumntu, kodwa ingaba malunga ne-25 ukuya kwii-28 ubude kwiindawo ezininzi zabantu, kunye nezinye zibe zide malunga neenyawo ezingama-30. I-esophagus malunga neeyure eziyi-9 ukuya kwi-10 ubude, isisu esincinci singama-23 ubude ubude, kwaye intumbu enkulu inamamitha angama-5 ubude, ngokuqhelekileyo.
Kuthatha ixesha elide lokutya ukuGaya
Ixesha elithathayo lokutya ukugaya likwazi ukuhluka kancinci kumntu ukuya kumntu kunye naphakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba yonke inkqubo ithatha malunga neyure ezingama-50 abantu abaphilileyo, kodwa ingahluka phakathi ko-24 no-72, ngokusekelwe kumanani amaninzi. Emva kokutshiza ukutya nokugwinya, idlula esiswini kunye nesisu esincinci kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-4 ukuya kwii-7.
Ixesha elidlula emathunjini amakhulu lide lide, lilingana malunga neeyure ezingama-40. Kuba amadoda ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokutya ukutya lincinci lilonke elincinci kunabesifazane. Ukuba nesimo sokugaya esithintela ixesha lokuhamba (ixesha elithatha ukutya ukuze lidlule kwinkqubo yokutya) linganciphisa okanye lwandise ixesha.
Kutheni ukugonywa kubalulekile
Sidla ngenxa yokuba sidinga ukutya, kodwa ukutya kwethu akusiyo into eyenza imizimba yethu ikwazi ukungena kalula kwiiseli zethu. Ukugaya kukuthatha isidlo sakusasa kwaye siwaphule. Emva kokuba idilizwe zibe yiindawo, ingasetyenziswa ngumzimba. Oku kwenziwa ngenkqubo yeekhemikhali, kwaye iyaqala emlonyeni ngomathe. Emva kokuba izixhobo zokutya zikhutshwe, zinokusetyenziswa ngamaseli omzimba wethu ukukhulula amandla, ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ukwakha amathambo, nokwenza zonke izinto ezifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe umzimba. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokutya, umzimba awuyi kukwazi ukuzigcina.
Ukusuka Emlonyeni Kuya Ku-Anus
Inkqubo yokugaya isishubhu esilula esivela emlonyeni wakho kuya kwi-anus yakho. Kuyinto enzima ukucinga ngayo ngaloo ndlela, kodwa yile nto leyo. Ngoku, kukho iiguvi kunye namajikiji kwaye uphenduka endleleni, kodwa ekugqibeleni, ukutya okungena emlonyeni wakho kuphuma kwi- anus yakho. Isikhala esingaphakathi emathunjini amancinci amancinci ukuba ukutya kudlulele kuyo kuthiwa yi- lumen . Ukutya ngokuqinisekileyo kuqhutywe kwi-lumen kuyo yonke inkqubo yokugaya izidumbu ezizodwa, kwaye loo nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-peristalsis.
Xa uhlafuna ukutya kwaye uginye, ezi zizakhi zomzimba wakho ukuba ukutya kuhamba ngexesha lohambo lwayo ukuya kwi-anus:
- Umlomo . Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kuqala ngokuhlafuna nokuxutywa kokutya ngamathe. Xa ukutya kuhlolwe ngokwaneleyo, sizithobela ngokuzithandela. Emva koko, inkqubo yokugaya inyama ayikho nto.
- Isophagus . Xa ukutya kugxinyiwe, uhamba phantsi kwe-valve kunye ne-valve ebizwa ngokuthi i-sphincter esezantsi kwisisu.
- Isisu . Isisu apho i-rubber idibana khona nendlela yokutya. Kukho izondlo zesisu esiswini esisinceda ukuphula ukutya kunye nezihlunu apho zixuba ukutya. Emva kokuba isisu senze umsebenzi wayo, kukho enye ivenive, ebizwa ngokuthi i-valveic valves, evumela ukutya ukuba kuhambe ukusuka esiswini ukuya kwinxalenye yokuqala yesisu esincinci, esibizwa ngokuba yi-duodenum.
- Amathumbu amancinci . Xa ukutya kufinyelela emathunjini amancinci, kuxutywe kunye neentsholongwane ezingakumbi zokugaya kwi-pancreas kunye nesibindi ukuze uyiphule. I-peristalsis kwimisipha isasebenza emsebenzini, ihamba yonke into. Amathumbu amancinci apho apho ezininzi izondlo zikhishwa ukutya. Iindonga zamathumbu zamanzi ziyamkela iivithamini kunye neemaminerali. Nantoni na into eyenziwa ngumzimba ongenakukusebenzisa okanye ayikwazi ukuwaphula iyagqithiselwa kuyo yonke imathumbu encinci, nge-valve yeocececal, kwaye iya kwi-adventure yayo elandelayo emathunjini amakhulu.
- Amathumbu amakhulu . Amathumbu amaninzi ayenzi nto yokutya, kodwa yindawo apho amaninzi amaninzi afakwa kwizinto ezilahlekileyo. Izixhobo ezingaphendulwanga zihanjisiwe, ezinokuthi zithathe imini okanye ngaphezulu, ize zibe yingxenye yokugqibela yekholoni, eyi-rectum. Xa kukho isitulo kwi-rectum, inqanda ukukhuphaza, kwaye ekugqibeleni izinto zokungcola ziyaxoshwa nge-anus njengentshukumo yokuhamba.
ILizwi
Inkqubo yokugaya ichaphazela kakhulu umzimba wonke ngenxa yokuba zonke iinkqubo zomzimba zidinga ukondla ukusebenza. Izifo kunye neemeko zendlela yokugaya igalelo zingaba nefuthe elide kulo lonke umzimba xa izondlo zingabonakali kakuhle. Inkqubo yokugaya iyanzima kwaye ngelixa kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kubantu abaninzi abanesistim sokutya, ukutya kuthatha iiyure ezingama-50 ukudlula yonke indlela.
> Umthombo:
Notghi A, Hutchinson R, Kumar D, Smith NB, Harding LK. Indlela elula yokwenza umlinganiselo wexesha elihamba ngekolonic. Gut . 1994 Jul; 35: 976-981.