Isifo sikashukela sisifo esingasigxina, isifo esiqhubekayo esimele silawulwe imihla ngemihla. Amachiza angcono, izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo, imfundo ekwandisiweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezona zinzulu ziye zabanceda abantu abanesifo sikashukela ukuba baphile ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elide lokuphila liyakushiya ixesha elingakumbi ukuphuhlisa iingxaki. Oko akuthethi ukuba bonke abantu abaneesifo seswekile bazimisele ukuba neengxaki.
Kunoko, abantu kufuneka baqhubeke nokunyamekela isifo sikashukela ukukhusela imiba phantsi kwendlela.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela ingxaki yesifo sikashukela kukuzama ukugcina ushukela wegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nobunzima phakathi kwendawo ephilileyo. Isisu esiphezulu se-sucres singaphazamisa amaninzi amaninzi omzimba. Ukuphakanyiswa kwengcinezelo yegazi kunye nokukhuluphala kugxininisa intliziyo kwaye kwenza nzima ukulawula isifo sikashukela.
Kwakhona, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala uqeshwe kunye noogqirha bakho-ugqirha, ugqirha weziliso, u-podiatrist, i-cardiologist-kunye nokuqonda kwanoma imiphi impawu emitsha kunokukunceda ukuba ubone kwaye uphathe iingxaki ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, ukugcina igazi lakho iishukela ezilawulwayo kunye nokuthatha iinguqulelo zendlela yokuphila kunokuthintela okanye ukulibaziseka iingxaki zesifo sikashukela.
Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zeengxaki kuza kwandisa ulwazi kwaye kukukhuthaze ukuba uzinyamekele.
Nguwuphi uhlobo lweengxaki ezikhoyo?
Iingxaki zesifo sikashukela zichongiwe njengezinto ezininzi (iingxaki ezinkulu zeenqanawa) okanye i-microvascular (iingxaki ezincinci zeenqanawa).
Iingxaki ze-Macrovascular ziquka izifo zentliziyo ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwintliziyo, ukubetha, nokungakwazi ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya emilenzeni (isifo sesifo se-peripheral disease). Ezi ntlobo zeengxaki ziveliswa yi-atherosclerosis (ukuqina kemibhobho). I-lipids yegazi engavumelekanga, ukutya okunempilo, ukugqithisa ngokweqile okanye ukugqithisa, ukungasebenzisi, kunye nokuxinzelela kwegazi kunokuxakekisa le mpawu.
Ukongeza ekulawuleni ishukela legazi lakho, kufuneka uphinde ubhekiselele kuzo zonke ezi mngcipheko ukwenzela ukuba unokuthintela izibetho kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
Iingxaki ze-microvascular zibandakanya umonakalo emehlweni (i-retinopathy), umonakalo ezintsheni (i-nephropathy), kunye nomonakalo kwiimbulunga (i-neuropathy). Ezi ntlobo zeengxaki zinokunciphisa okanye zithintelwe ngokugcina iishukela zegazi ezilawulwayo. Xoxa ngeethagethi zegazi lakho kunye nogqirha wakho kwaye ujonge ukufikelela kwezo thagethi zemihla ngemihla.
Yintoni Okufanele Ndiyazi Ngayo Ezi ngxaki?
Izifo zengqondo (i-nephropathy): Isifo sikashukela sinomngcipheko omkhulu wesifo seengtso. Enyanisweni, omnye kubantu abathathu abanesifo sikashukela bahlakulela isifo sesifo, nesifo sikashukela sisona sizathu esivakalayo sokusweleka kwezintso. Isifo sikashukela singenza umonakalo kumqobo okhusela izintso kunye nomgca wokugcina umgangatho apho inkqubo yokucoca ifaka khona. Iinjongo zenziwe ngemithambo yegazi ejongene nokuhlunga igazi. Xa izitya zegazi zonakaliswe, iibhoksi zakha kwigazi. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka ahlole umsebenzi wakho wezintso xa ufumana umsebenzi wegazi. Ukongezelela, ukulungiswa kwe-urinalysis kwenziwa ukwenzela ukujonga isifo seesifo emcinini wakho.
Ukuthintela umonakalo wezintso okanye unokukubeka kwiyeza legazi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ACE inhibitor.
Kubalulekile ukuzama ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi lulawulwa. Ukuphakanyiswa kwengcinezelo yegazi kunokubeka uxinzelelo entliziyweni yakho nasezintso zakho, izinto ezinzima ngakumbi. Ukuba unikwe imithi, qiniseka ukuba uyithatha. Ukuba ubhema, zama ukuyeka. Yaye ukuba unetyuwa, ulungele ukuzama ukuphepha ukutya okuninzi lwe-sodium, njengempahla enamathanga, inyama yokutya, ukutya kokutya, kunye nokutya okugcobileyo. Ezi ntlobo zokutya ziphezulu kwi-sodium, ezinokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lukhuphuke ngokufaka ingcinezelo kwiinqanawa zakho.
Kukho izigaba ezinhlanu zesifo sezintso. Isigaba sokuqala sithathwa njengesigaba esibambekayo kunye nesigaba sokugqibela isiphelo sesifo sesifo, apho unyango luqukethe i-dialysis okanye ukutshintsha kweengso.
Uninzi lwexesha, abantu abaziveki iimpawu zesifo sezintso kude kuqhutywe phambili ukuya kwizigaba zokugqibela. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba nobuhlobo obuhle kunye nogqirha wakho. Yiba nesigulane esisebenzayo kwaye ubuze imibuzo, ukuze uqaphele apho umsebenzi wakho wezintso kunye nalapho kufanele ukuba khona.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ukugcina iishukela zegazi lakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokulawulwa komzimba kunokunceda ukukhusela isifo sesifo. Ukongezelela, ukufumana iimpso zakho kuvavanywa rhoqo kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokugcina umkhondo wezintso zakho.
Umonakalo wemisipha (i-neuropathy): I- neuropathy ixhaphake kakhulu ezinyaweni nasezandleni, kodwa inokubangela ukuba umonakalo weentlanzi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. I-autonomic neuropathy ikhula kwi-bladder, i-digestive tract, kunye nezitho zokuzala . I-peripheral neuropathy ichaphazela izandla, iinyawo kunye nemilenze. Iintlungu zentlungu zingalimaza. Kungabangela iimpawu ezingavamile. Ngokomzekelo, umonakalo wamantongomane kwisisu ungabangela ukunyuka okuphezulu kunye noshukela egazini. I-peripheral neuropathy ivame ukuchazwa njengento evuthayo okanye i-numbness and tingling. Abantu abaneentlungu zentsholongwane kwimigangatho yabo banokuba nobunzima bokubona ukulimala kwenyawo, njengokungena kwi-tack, okanye mhlawumbi ukuxubha ilitye kwizwane zakho. Ukuxhatshazwa kweenyawo ezingalindelekanga kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezinzulu. Ukudibanisa kunye noshukela wegazi ophakamileyo, ukulimala kweenyawo kunganciphisa ukuphulukisa kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuthatyweni.
Uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa i-neuropathy ukuba unesifo sikashukela ixesha elide, ingakumbi ukuba iishukela zegazi zakho ziphezulu. Into engcono ongayenza ukukhusela i-neuropathy kukugcina i-sugar sugars efanelekileyo. Ukuba ukrokreka into engalunganga, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela wakho.
Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo sokuphefumula, ungadinga ukulandela unyango oluthile, njengokulandela ukutya okukhethekileyo, ukufuna ukululekwa kwengqondo, okanye ukuthatha amayeza athile.
Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo se-peripheral neuropathy okanye unokumangalisa ukuba unakho, kufuneka ukuba ugqirha wakho uqhube uvavanyo lweenyawo oluchanekileyo ukucacisa indlela ovakalelwa ngayo kunye novavanyo lwe-tuning okanye uvavanyo lwe-monofilament. Ukuba unciphise ukuvakalelwa, unyawo olungaqhelekanga, olufana nezifo okanye izipikili, ukukhubazeka, isikhumba esiqhekekileyo, amanxeba okanye ukusika, mhlawumbi uya kuthunyelwa kumculi wobugcisa ukuze uqhubeke usebenza. Ukuba awuboni umculi we-podiatrist, qiniseka ukuba uthatha iisokisi kunye nezicathulo zakho kwi-odokotela ngamnye ukutyelela. Xa uhlala ekhaya kubalulekile ukuba uhlole iinyawo zakho rhoqo kwaye wenze ucoceko lweenyawo ezintle. Qiniseka ukuba:
- Sitshintsha iisokisi zakho imihla ngemihla kwaye ugqoke iisokisi ezicocekileyo.
- Faka iifom emollient to stes soles (thintela i-lotion phakathi kwezinzwane).
- Dry kahle phakathi kwezwane zakho (ubuninzi bomswakama obunokubangela ukuphuhliswa kwezifo zentlaka).
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba ungahambi ngeengubo ezingenasiphatho, qhoqhawula izicathulo zakho ngaphambi kokuba uzibeke, kwaye uzinxibe izicathulo ezifanelekileyo kwaye zikhululekile.
I-retinopathy (umonakalo wamehlo): Iishukela eziphezulu zegazi zingenza umonakalo kwiinqanawa ezincinci emva kweso, ezingabangela ukuba baphuluke okanye baphuze amanzi. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhlisa imeko, njenge-retinopathy, i-diabetic macular edema (i-DME), i-cataract kunye ne- glaucoma . Ukuba ayilulwanga kakuhle, le meko iimeko zingakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono kunye nokuba yimfama. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kufuneka babe nokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuxilongwa xa bexilongwa ngesifo sikashukela. Ukulimala kwiso kungabalwa ngaphambi kokuba ufumane i-diabetes. Ngoko ke, ukunyanzelisa kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela iingxaki. Ukuba unesifo sikashukela, kufuneka uhlolisise amehlo akho ubuncinane kanye emva kweminyaka emibili ukuba ungenayo ubungqina bokuba u-retinopathy kanye kanye ngonyaka xa unemiba ekhoyo yamehlo. Ukulawula isifo sikashukela-ngokuthatha amachiza njengoko kuchaziwe, ukuhlala ngokusebenzayo, nokugcina ukutya okunempilo-kunokuthintela okanye ukulibaziseka ukulahleka kombono. Ukongezelela, ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyamekela okulandelelanayo kukukhusela ukulahleka kombono.
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo senhliziyo: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amabini okuba neentlungu zentliziyo kunye nemivimbo engaphezu kwalabo abanesifo sikashukela. Kubalulekile ukucinga ngesifo sikashukela, kungekhona nje ngesifo seswekile yegazi kodwa njengesifo senhliziyo. Ukwenza oko kunokunceda ukukhusela okanye ukulibaziseka ukuphuhliswa kwesifo senhliziyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ushukela wegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye nesisindo kwimimandla enempilo. Ukongeza, ukuba ubhema, kufuneka uzame ukuyeka. Ukuyeka ukubhema kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-stroke kwaye uphantsi kweyeshukela yegazi kunye negazi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho zibonakaliso zengcinezelo yegazi ephakamileyo, yoko kutheni kudla ngokuba kubizwa ngokuthi "umbulali ongenalutho." Abanye abantu bahambahamba kunye noxinzelelo lwabo oluphakamileyo okanye umda ophezulu ngaphandle kokukwazi. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu, unakho ukuhlakulela ikhanda okanye uvale. Ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luhlolwe rhoqo ekutyelele ugqirha. Yazi amanani akho kunye nokuba yintoni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo.
Ngokutsho kwe-American Heart Association, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lingaphantsi okanye lilingana ne-120/80 mm / Hg. Inombolo ephezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-systolic, ngumlinganiselo woxinzelelo kwimibhobho xa intliziyo ibetha (okanye isebenza). Yaye inani elingaphantsi, uxinzelelo lwe-diastolic, lilinganisa uxinzelelo phakathi kweentsimbi xa intliziyo iphumla. Ukuba unqunywe unyango lwegazi, qiniseka ukuba uyithatha. Ukuba unikwe umshini wexinzelelo lwegazi ukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho ekhaya, kufuneka wenze njalo. Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho luphezulu kunokuba lufanele lube lukhulu kangakanani. Okokugqibela, ukutshintsha ukutya kwakho kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukutya okunotye kwi-sodium kunokuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Gwema ukongeza ityuwa ekudleni kwakho kwaye uzame ukuphepha ukutya okucwangcisiweyo-ukutya okusemandleni, esikhwameni, okanye kwibhokisi. Abantu abaninzi abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu banenzuzo ngokulandela ukutya kwe-DASH.
Ukuba unentsapho yentsholongwane yesifo senhliziyo, unobungozi obungakumbi bokuphuhlisa, ngakumbi ukuba unesifo sikashukela. Kodwa unokuzama ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngokugcina ushukela wegazi kunye neep lipids kwiinjongo (i-HDL kunye ne-LDL ye-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides), isalathisi somzimba wakho emanzini asemgangathweni, umgca wesikhumba sakho ngaphakathi kwemida eqhelekileyo, kwaye ukwandisa umsebenzi wakho womzimba.
Xoxa ngeenjongo zakho ezithile kunye nodokotela wakho. Uninzi lwabantu luzuza kule manani:
- I-Hemoglobin i-A1c ye-7 ekhulwini okanye ngaphantsi
- I-cholesterol iyonke: <200 mg / dL
- LDL <100 mg / dL
- I-HDL> 40 mg / dL yamadoda kunye> 50 mg / dL yabasetyhini
- I-Triglycerides <150 mg / dL
- Umda wecala: Amadoda angama-intshi ama-40, amabhinqa <35 intshi
- I-Index Mass Mass: 18.5-24.4kg / m2
- Ukuzivocavoca: Injongo yemizuzu engama-150 ngeveki yomsebenzi wokuzilinganisa
Ukuthintela ezi Zingxaki
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-glucose avelisa utshintsho kwimithambo yegazi ngokwawo, kunye neeseli zegazi ezonakalisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwizitho ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukwenza utshintsho lwezinto zokuphila kunokunceda ukunciphisa iishukela zegazi kunye nokukhusela iingxaki zesifo sikashukela. Akukaze kukhawuleze ukuthatha inyathelo. Nangona unesifo sikashukela ixesha elide, unokwenza utshintsho ukuze uphucule impilo yakho.
Gcina i-sugar sugar kwi-target target: Qinisekisa ukuba unokuqonda ngokucacileyo okokujoliswe kuko okujoliswe kuko ushukela wegazi. Igazi legazi eliphezulu kakhulu (hyperglycemia) kwaye liphantsi kakhulu (i-hypoglycemia) lingaba yingozi. Ukugcina ushukela wegazi kwiinjongo zakho ezifunwayo kunokukunceda ukukhusela izitya ezinkulu kunye ezincinci ukuba zingonakaliswe. Musa ukucaphukisa xa unesishukela segazi ephezulu. Kodwa thabatha inyathelo xa ubona iphethini yeshukela ephezulu yegazi. Xhumana nogqirha wakho ukuba wenza konke okufanayo kunye noshukela egazini lakho liphezulu-ungadinga ukulungiswa kwamachiza. Ngenxa yokuba isifo sikashukela sisifo esiqhubekayo, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka senze utshintsho, nangona senza konke okulungileyo.
Ukunciphisa ubunzima: Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngenye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi. Ukongezelela, ukulahlekelwa isisindo kuthatha uxinzelelo entliziyweni kwaye kunokunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ukuseka ubunzima obunempilo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukunyanzelwa kwe-insulin kwaye uvumele umzimba wakho ukuba usebenzise insulini. Oku kuthatha uxinzelelo kwi-pancreas kwaye kunokugcina iiseli ze-beta (iiseli ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-insulin). Ukulahlekelwa kweepesenti ezili-10 zomzimba wakho bunzima kunokuphucula kakhulu impilo yakho yonke. Ukuba uzama ukunciphisa ubunzima ixesha elide kwaye uqhubeke nomzabalazo wakho, unokufumana inzuzo kwisabelo sokutya . Ukutya okutshintshwayo kukutshintshi- kunye ne-carbohydrate elawulwayo. Bangakwazi ukuphelisa ukukhetha ukutya ngexesha lemihla, okwenza kube lula kuwe ukunciphisa ukutya kwakho kwekhalori. Ukuphendula ngokukhetha ukutya kunokukunceda ukuba unamathele kwisicwangciso sokutya esilungileyo. Ukwandisa i-accountability yakho kwaye ufumane umqeqeshi ngokumisela intlanganiso kunye nomndilili obhalisiweyo okanye utitshala ogqityiweyo wesifo sikashukela.
Landela ukutya okunempilo: Into oyidlayo ichaphazela kakhulu ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela. I-carbohydrates iyona isondlo ephakamisa iishukela zegazi kakhulu. Ukutya okufana nesonka, irayisi, i-pasta, iimbotyi, iziqhamo, ubisi kunye ne yogurt zonke ziqukethe i-carbohydrates. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banenzuzo ekudleni ukutya okunokulawulwa kwe-carbohydrates. Abantu abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba iishukela zabo zegazi zilawulwa kangcono xa zidla ukutya okuncinci . Ukuba ukutya kwakho kuphezulu kwi-carbohydrate, into engcono ongayenza kukuba uzame ukunciphisa.
Ukuphelisa iziphuzo ezinomsoco , ukunciphisa ieskese kwaye unciphise i-carbohydrates yakho ekudleni ukuba ungabi ngaphezu kwe-1 indebe. Xa usenzile oko, zama ukukhetha imithombo engcono ye-carbohydrates: izityalo ezipheleleyo, izityalo, kunye nemifuno yesitashi yinto ekhethekileyo ye-carbohydrate. Ukongezelela ekunciphiseni i-carbohydrates, kukuhle ukunciphisa ukutya kokutyikiweyo kunye okuthosiweyo, ezifana nokutya okuphilileyo, inyama yokutya kunye neFries fry, ukubiza ngambalwa. Ezi ntlobo zokutya zizityebi ngeekhalori, zizalisekile kunye ne-trans fat, kwaye zinokunyusa i-cholesterol embi, eyona nto ibangela ukuba i-atherosclerosis. Okokugqibela, ukwandisa i-fiber yakho intake. Ukutya okunotye kwifiber, i- grains epheleleyo , iziqhamo, imifuno , i-nut, kunye nembewu kunokukunceda uzive ugcwele, uzinze iishukela zegazi kunye ne-cholesterol ephantsi. Kunenzuzo yokutya malunga ne-25-38g yefiber nsuku zonke.
Hambisa ngaphezulu: Kungase kube lula ukutsho kunokuzenzela, kodwa ukuzivocavoca kunceda kakhulu ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi ngokusebenzisa i-insulin. Ukongezelela, umzimba unokunceda ukwakha imisipha, ukwandisa amandla, nokuphucula ubuthongo kunye nomoya. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ujonge ukutshitshisa malunga nemizuzu engama-150 ngeveki yomsebenzi womzimba olinganayo (ukusasazeka ubuncinane iintsuku ezintathu). Xa kunokwenzeka, kufuneka udibanise iintsuku ezimbini ngeveki yokuxhathisa umzimba. Ukuba awuzange usebenzise ngaphambili, qiniseka ukuba ufumane imvume yokugula ngaphambi kokuba uqale isimiso esitsha.
Fumana i-diabetes imfundo yolawulo lokuzilawula: Wonke umntu onesifo sikashukela kufuneka afumane isifo sikashukela semfundo yokuzilawula ukuxilongwa kwaye kufuneka aqhubeke nokufumana imfundo kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo sikashukela. Nangona unesifo sikashukela ixesha elide, unokuzuza ngokufumana inkqubo yokuhlaziya. I-diabetes imfundo yokuziphatha ngokuzimeleyo igxile ekuziphatheni okuzinyamekelayo, njengokutya okunempilo, umsebenzi wokuzilolonga, ukujonga iswekile yegazi, ukuxazulula iingxaki, ukunciphisa ingozi kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwempilo. Unokhetha ukwenza iiseshoni nganye okanye ngeeseshoni zeqela . Buza udokotela wakho malunga nokuqalisa.
Hlanganisa iqela loogqirha: Indlela elula yokunciphisa umngcipheko kunye neengxaki kukuseka ubuhlobo obuhle kunye nodokotela wakho oyintloko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uya kukudlulisela kwamanye amagqirha: ugqirha wezilwanyana, ugqirha weenyawo, i-cardiologist, i-endocrinologist, njl. Ukufumana ukuhlolwa okusemgangathweni kunokunceda ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ekunciphiseni iingxaki zesifo sikashukela. Ukuba nokuvavanywa kokuqala kunokukunceda uqonde utshintsho. Ngokukhawuleza ufumanisa ukuba utshintshe ithuba elingcono lokuba uphathwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukhusele ezinye iingxaki.
Thatha i-diabetes yakho ngokungathandabuzekiyo: Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela babika ukuba abavakalelwa kukuba i-sugar sugar is high. Ngenxa yoko, banquma ukunyanga isifo sikashukela. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Isifo sikashukela esishiywe singakhange siphendulwe singabangela ushukela ophezulu wegazi, ongabangela iingxaki ezingenakubuyiselwa. Kubalulekile ukuthatha isifo sikashukela ngokusuka ekuqaleni . Ngamanye amaxesha ukuguqulwa komsindo, ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukutya, kunye nokuzilolonga kunokunceda ukunciphisa iishukela zegazi kangangokuba abanasifo sikashukela . Kunokwenzeka ukwenza oku xa ulungisa utshintsho lwakho ngokukhawuleza njengoko uyazi ngesifo sikashukela. Thatha isenzo namhlanje-ungakwenza.
ILizwi
Isifo sikashukela sisifo esingabangela ezininzi iintlobo zeengxaki. Kodwa, iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ukuba wenza utshintsho lwezinto zokuphila unokunciphisa okanye ukulibazise umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ezi ngxaki. Indlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa ingozi yakho kukugcina ushukela wegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ubunzima, kunye ne-cholesterol esondele ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko unako. Musa ukulinda. Qinisekisa ukuba udibana neentlobo ezifanelekileyo zoogqirha kunye nokuba usebenza ngokunyamekela kwisifo sikashukela. Unokuphila ubomi obuphilileyo, obude kunye nesifo sikashukela, kodwa kufuneka usebenze kuso.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Diabetes Association. Imigangatho yoNonophelo lwezoNyango 2016.http: //care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/Supplement_1
> American Heart Association. Ukuqonda ukufundwa kweengcinezelo zegazi.http: //www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloodPressure/Understanding-Blood-Pressure-Readings_UCM_301764_Article.jsp#.V-xqU_ArK00
> INational Eye Institute. Iimpawu NgeSifo Sobomi Sesohlwayo.https: //nei.nih.gov/health/diabetic/retinopathy
> I-National Kidney Foundation. I-Diabetes.https: //www.kidney.org/atoz/atozTopic_Diabetes
> Amandla, kunye. al. Isifo sikashukela sezemfundo kunye nenkxaso kwi-type 2 yeswekile: isitatimende sokubambisana se-American association yesifo sikashukela, isizwe saseMerika sootitshala besifo sikashukela, kunye ne-academy yesondlo kunye ne-dietetics. Uncedo lweSwekile. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2015/06/02/dc15-0730.full.pdf+html?sid=edddb5d0-7234-4c1c-ba68-a00342c0bb7b