Ukuxilongwa kwe-mononucleosis (i-mono) echaphazelekayo isoloko isenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu, ukufunyaniswa kwimeko yokuhlola, kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. I-Mono idla ngokubangelwa yi- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) okanye ii-virus ezifanayo, kodwa i-strep throat kunye nezinye iimeko zingadinga ukukhutshwa ngaphandle. Nangona iCentral for the Disease Control (i-CDC) ayisayikucebisa uvavanyo lwe-monospot, izikhokelo ezininzi zisakhuthaza ukusebenzisa olu vavanyo ukukunceda ukuchonga imbangela ye-mono.
I-Self-Checks
Mhlawumbi akayi kukhawuleza ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unemono kuba iimpawu zokuqala zifana nezobandayo, umkhuhlane, okanye umgca we-throp. Iimpawu ezinokuthi zithumelele kudokotela zikhukhumele i-lymph nodes entanyeni, izibilini ezikhukhulayo, umkhuhlane, kunye nemisipha yomzimba eye yahlala ixesha elide kuneentsuku ezili-10.
Uninzi lweengqeleko kunye nezinye izifo zentsholongwane ziba ngcono emva kweentsuku ezisixhenxe, ngoko ke i-10-day point is a bonathisi esilungileyo ukuba ujongene nento engaphezu kwezi zigulo. Iimpawu zinobubele kubantwana kunye nabantwana abancinci.
Kubalulekile ukuba ungathembeli kwi-self-diagnosis ye-mono njengoko iimpawu ezinokuba ziyimpawu zokugula ezifuna inkqubo eyahlukeneyo yokwelashwa. Kufuneka uqaphele umlinganiselo weempawu, eziquka xa wena okanye umntwana wakho waqala ukuqala ukugula, ziphi iimpawu eziphuhlisiwe, kwaye zide zide kangakanani. Oku kunokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlolisise ukuba iimpawu azihambanga zodwa ngosuku lwe-10.
Umele ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza kunye nayiphi na impawu ezinzulu zeemono. Ezi ziquka umkhuhlane ophezulu (i-101.5 degrees okanye ngaphezulu), intlungu esiswini, isifo somlomo okanye i-tonsil, ukuphefumula okanye ukugwinya, ukubuthathaka kwesisu okanye intloko enzima. Ezi zinokuba ngenxa ye-mono, kodwa ingahlawulwa kwezinye iimeko kunye neengxaki.
IiLabs kunye novavanyo
Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga iimpawu zakho kunye nobudala bakho (ekubeni abantu abanesifo se-EBV banakho ukuvelisa i-mono ukuba bayishumi elivisayo okanye umntu omdala). Uza kwenza uvavanyo oluthile apho uya kukhangela emqaleni wakho emqaleni ngenxa yeendawo eziqhelekileyo (petechiae), uzive entanyeni yakho nakweminye indawo apho unokuba ne-lymph nodes, kwaye uphulaphule imiphunga yakho.
Ugqirha wakho uya kufaka ukubala inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) kunye novavanyo lwe-antibody. Ukuba unesifo somqala, mhlawumbi ukuba uvavanyo lokusasaza ngokukhawuleza luya kwenziwa. Kubabhinqileyo abakhulelweyo, uvavanyo oluninzi oluninzi lwe-antibody lungenziwa ukuba lulawulwe ngaphandle kwezinto ezingezinye i-EBV ezinokuthi zinokuchaphazela ukukhulelwa.
CBC
Ukuba une-mono, i-CBC yakho iya kubonisa inani eliphezulu legazi elimhlophe (WBC) kunye ne-lymphocyte ngaphezulu kuneqhelekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytosis. Ezi i-lymphocytes ziya kuba neembonakalo ezibonakalayo xa ubuchwepheshe bezonyango behlola igazi phantsi kwe-microscope. I-lymphocytes iyingxenye yomzimba wakho womzimba kwaye kuyimvelo ukuba iphakanyiswe ngexesha leentlobo ezithile zentsholongwane. Uya kuba nobuncinci bezinye iiseli ezimhlophe, i-neutrophils, kwaye unokuba nombolo engaphantsi kwesiqhelo.
U vavanyo lweNtsholongwane
Igazi lakho linokuhlaziywa kwibhubhoratri yamachiza omzimba, nangona lo vavanyo alunyanzelwanga ngokucacileyo ukuze kuxilongwe i-mononucleosis. Ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngamajoni akho omzimba wokulwa nokusuleleka ngentsholongwane okanye ezinye izilwanyana iinkqubo zakho zijonga ukuba yingozi.
I- monospot (uvavanyo lwe-heterophile antibody) luvavanyo oludala oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziselwa ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-mono. Uvavanyo oluhle lwe-monospot oluhamba kunye neempawu ze-mono lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-mononucleosis. Nangona kunjalo, i-CDC ithi uvavanyo lwe-monospot alucebisikanga kuba luvelisa iziphumo ezininzi ezingalunganga.
Iimvavanyo ze-Monospot zingaba buxoki-malunga neepesenti ezili-10 ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini kwixesha, ngokukodwa kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo. Ume malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 ithuba lokufumana umphumo wokuvavanya amanga ukuba uvavanywa ngeveki yokuqala yeempawu eziqalayo. Oku kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba ulinde ixesha elide ukuba ubone ugqirha, kuba i-heterophile antibodies iyancipha ngokukhawuleza emva kokusuleleka kwiintsuku ezine. Kamva, ukuba unayo i-mono ukusuka kwintsholongwane ehlukile kune-EBV, njenge-CMV, i-monospot ayiyi kuyifumana.
Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-monospot lubi kodwa unayo yonke impawu ye-mono, ugqirha wakho uya kuphinda aphinda uvavanyo ngaphambi kokuba enze iimvavanyo ezininzi ze-antibody. Ezi mvavanyo zenziwa xa iimpawu zokugula azibonakali kwi-mononucleosis okanye ugule ngaphezu kweeveki ezine. Unokuhlolwa i-cytomegalovirus okanye i-Toxoplasma antibodies. Uvavanyo oluthe ngqo ngakumbi lwe-EBV lubandakanya:
- I-capal antigen (VCA)
- I-antigen yokuqala (EA)
- I-EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) iimvavanyo
Ukuxilongwa ngokungafani
Umqala wesifo, umkhuhlane, kunye neengqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungquthela ezibuhlungu ezibonwa kwi-mono zingavela ngathi zinjengeempawu ze-strep throat Uvavanyo lwe-strep olukhawulezayo okanye inkcubeko yomlomo unokunceda ukuhlukanisa oku. I-throre throat ngokuvamile iphendula ngokukhawuleza kumayeza okulwa ne-antibiotics, ngelixa ingabi niphumo kwi-mono.
I-Influenza ingakwazi ukulinganisa ezinye iimpawu ze-mono kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo azivelisi izigulane zentanyane. I-Influenza iya kuba ngcono kumaxesha angaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini.
Izimpawu ezinjenge-Mono ziyabonakala kwiintsholongwane ngaphandle kwegciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Ezinye iilenti ezingenza iziphumo zibandakanye i-cytomegalovirus (i-CMV), i-adenovirus, igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi (i-HIV), i-rubella, i-hepatitis A, i-herpesvirus-6 yabantu kunye ne- toxoplasma gondii.
Ukugula ngamanye ala majelo, ngokukodwa i-CMV ne- Toxoplasma gondii , inokuthi ikhethwe njenge-mononucleosis echaphazelekayo okanye ebizwa ngokuba yi-mono-like illness. Njengoko nge-EBV mono, unyango oluxhasayo lunconywayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zigulo ziyakunzima ukukhulelwa, ngoko ke iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukufumanisa isizathu sokugula zicetyiswa ukuba umama abe.
Ukuba ugqirha usebenzisa i-monospot test, ingaba yinyani xa isigulane sineemeko ezibandakanya i-hepatitis, i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, i-rubella, i-systemic lupus erythematosus kunye ne-toxoplasmosis. Ugqirha kufuneka asebenzise iimpawu zesigulane kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ukuhlula phakathi kwezi meko.
Umthombo:
> Aronson MD, i-Auwaerter PG. I-Mononucleosis echaphazelekayo kuBantu abadala kunye ne-Adolescents. Isemgangathweno. http://www.uptodate.com.
> Epstein-Barr Virus ne-Infonous Mononucleosis. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/laboratory-testing.html
> Chernecky, CC & Berger, BJ. (2013). Uvavanyo lweLebhu neNkqubo zoLwazi. 6th. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
> White J. Mononucleosis Syndromes. Umcebisi weZifo ezithathelwanayo. https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/infectious-diseases/mononucleosis-syndromes/article/609813/.