Njani abantwana bethu benza le mihla? Uhlobo oluxhomekeke kubani othetha naye. Iingcali zonyango kunye noluntu lwempilo ukuba le sizukulwana esinempilo kakhulu, kunye namazinga aphantsi kokufa kwabantwana, amazinga aphantsi okubhedlele, kunye nokufikelela kokutya okunempilo.
Abanye abanye, abanjwe ngokusesikweni sokugonya kunye neentshukumo zonyango okanye ezonyango, bathi ibantwa bayagula kunokuba bekade bembali.
Abantu abafanayo baya kubeka inkohliso kwizinga eliphezulu lokugonywa kwe- autism , i-rates ephezulu yokufa kwabantwana kunye nokunyuka kwamazinga okunyuka kwamanqatha, njl njl.
Iigonya
Abantwana kunye nentsha banokufumana iintsholongwane ezi-13 ezikhusela kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, ezibandakanya i-diphtheria, i- tetanus , i-pertussis, i- measle , i-mumps, i-rubella, i-polio, i-varicella, izifo ze-pneumococcal, i-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis B, izifo ze-meningococcal, i-HPV, i-rotavirus, Hib, kunye nomkhuhlane.
Oku kunyuka okukhulu kwezi zifo ezisixhenxe ezikhuselekileyo zikhuselekile ngo-1980, xa abantwana bebesengozini yokufumana i-epiglottitis, i-Hib meningitis, kunye ne-Pneumococcal meningitis, njl.
Iigonyana ziyimpumelelo enkulu yempilo yoluntu, kodwa kusekho umsebenzi omele ukwenziwa, kubandakanywa:
- Umgomo wokugonya umkhuhlane
- Isitofu sokugonya esihlanganisayo yonke i- serissan menisitidis serogroups kwelinye shot
- Ukuphucula izitofu ezitsha ezikhusela i-Ebola, iZika, i-RSV, i-HIV kunye ne-Lyme sifo.
- I-pertussis isitofu esinika ukhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide
- Ukufumana wonke umntu ogonyweyo - abantwana nabantwana abadala abangenasigxina babangela ukuqhuma kwezifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya
Sekunjalo, ngowama-2014, i-CDC yabika ukuba "ukugonywa kuzakukhusela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-21 zezibhedlele nokufa kwabantu abangama-732,000 phakathi kwabantwana abazalwe kwiminyaka eyi-20 edluleyo."
Ukufa kwabantwana
Amanani okufa kwabantwana, okanye inani lokufa kwabantwana kuzo zonke i-1,000 ezizalwayo, zihlala ziphakamileyo e-United States kunamanye amazwe athile.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku akubangenxa yeigciwane, njengokuba abanye bathetha, kodwa ngenxa yendlela indlela yokufa kwezingane ezichazwe ngayo e-United States. Ngokungafani ne-US, amanye amazwe awabandakanyi iintsana zangaphambi kwintsholongwane yokufa kwabantwana. Kwaye ukususela ekuqaleni kokuzalwa kubangelwa zimbangela eziphezulu zokufa kwabantwana e-US, oku kwenza ukuba kuthelekiswa kwezinga elingaqinisekanga.
Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukufa kwezingane e-US ziquka ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, i-SIDS, iingxaki zomama zokukhulelwa, kunye nokulimala. Ngenhlanhla, izinga lokufa kwabantwana sele liye lahla iminyaka. Enyanisweni, bafikelela kumazinga abo aphantsi kakhulu ngo-2014.
I-Asthma ne-Allergy
Ipesenti yabantwana abanesifo se- asthma baye bahlala bezinzileyo kwiminyaka, malunga neepesenti ezisibhozo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwi-5 ekhulwini, inani labantwana abanokuhlaselwa kwesifo okanye isifo se-asthma kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo.
Kukho "ukwanda okwandayo kubangelwa ngabantwana abaye bafumana isifo se-asthma" ukususela ngo-1997, kodwa loo mendo uye waguqulwa ukususela ngo-2011, ngokubandezeleka kwehla kwiminyaka yamuva.
Kwakhona, izinga lesibhedlele sesibhedlele lihlala ixesha lokusasazeka nge-asthma ukusuka ngo-2000 ukuya ku-2010.
Kweminye imimiselo yolu hlobo kubantwana nakwishumi, ukususela ngo-1997 ukuya ku-2011:
- Ukunyuka kokutya kukunyuka ukusuka kuma-3.4% ukuya kuma-5.1 ekhulwini.
- I-skin allergies (eczema) yanda ukusuka kwi-7.4% ukuya kwi-12.5 ekhulwini.
- Ukunyuka kwamafutha okuphefumula (intsholongwane yefihla) kungatshintshi, kunye nesantya soxhaphaka malunga nama-17 ekhulwini.
Isifundo esisebenzisa idatha evela kwi-International Study of Asthma kunye Nezilwanyana Zobuntwaneni ebuntwaneni, "Ngaba i-Eczema iyinyani ngokunyuka emhlabeni wonke?" bafumana ukwanda okukhulu kwamazwe aphantsi kobunzima, kodwa kwakhona bafumanisa ukuba "ubhubhane lwe-eczema lubonakala lilinganisa okanye linciphisa kumazwe athile anamazinga aphezulu aphezulu."
Impilo Yengqondo
Sivame ukuva ukuba imiba yempilo yengqondo ikhuphuka. Ngaba kunjalo? Ngokwezibalo zamvanje:
- "Iipesenti ezingaphezulu kwe-5 zabantwana abaneminyaka engama-4-17 babikelelwa ngumzali ukuba babe nobunzima obukhulu kunye neemvakalelo, ukuxininisa, ukuziphatha, okanye ukukwazi ukuhambelana nabanye abantu," engatshintshi ukususela ngo-2001
- Ipesenteji yabashumi abaneNgqungquthela enkulu yexinzelelo (MDE) kunyaka odlulileyo yenyuka ukusuka kuma-9 ekhulwini ngo-2004 ukuya kuma-11 ekhulwini ngo-2013, nangona kunjalo, "ipesenti yolutsha kunye ne-MDE kunyaka odlulileyo ukufumana unyango lokudakumba, ukubona okanye ukuthetha nodokotela ogqirha okanye olunye uchwepheshe malunga nesiganeko esixinzeleleyo kunye / okanye ukusebenzisa imithi yonyango yokudakumba kunyaka odlulileyo, wehla ukusuka kuma-40 ekhulwini ngo-2004 ukuya kuma-38 ekhulwini ngo-2013 "
- Iimali ze-ADHD kubantwana ziye zanda ngokukhawuleza ukususela ngo-1997, ukusuka kuma-7.8 ekhulwini ngo-2003 ukuya kuma-11 ekhulwini ngo-2011, nangona izinga kunye nokwanda kwabantwana abathatha amayeza e-ADHD aphantsi kakhulu, kwanda ukusuka kuma-4.8 ekhulwini ngo-2007 ukuya kuma-6.1 ekhulwini ngo-2011
- Ukususela kwiminyaka ephakamileyo yakutshanje ngo-1994, inani lokuzibulala kubafana kunye nabasetyhini abadala baqhubeka bekhula ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zabo eziphantsi ngo-2001 (amabhinqa) kunye no-2007 (abesilisa)
Autism
Nangona ukuxhaphaka kwe-autism ngokuqinisekileyo kwanda kwi-US, ukusuka kwi-1 kwabantwana abayi-150 (2000) ukuya ku-1 ngowama-68 (2010), iingcali azicingi ukuba kuba zikhona abantwana abaninzi okanye ukuba kukhona ubhubhane lwe-autism. Kunoko, iingcali zicinga ukuba "ubungakanani bokuba ubungqina bubonisa ukuba kuqhutyelwa ukuxilongwa kunokuba kukho izifo." Kwaye kubalulekile, iirhafu zokugqibela ze-autism ezichazwe yiCDC zifana nexesha lokugqibela-1 kwi-68.
Cancer Cancer
Ubungacinga ukuba amazinga omhlaza ayenyuka ngokungaqondakaliyo xa ufunda ngayo yonke "i-toxins" ebangela umdlavuza kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile.
Ngethamsanqa, ukuhlaselwa komdlavuza kwinqanaba elincinci labantu abadala, kuquka i-prostate, imiphunga, i-colorectal, nomhlaza wengqondo kumadoda, kunye ne-colorectal, i-ovary, umdlavuza wesibeleko kubasetyhini.
Ngokufanayo, nakwabantwana, kwiinkcitha ezininzi zezilwanyana, iinani libonisa:
- Ukunciphisa izinga lokufa
- Isilinganiso esizinzileyo sazo zonke i-khansela ukususela ngo-2001
Ngenhlanhla, umdlavuza wabantwana usondele kuma-80 ekhulwini kwi-five-year survival rate.
Sikashukela
Ngoxa ulindele ukuba ukunyuka kwe-type 2 yesifo sikashukela ngokunyuka kokunyanya kwengane kwiminyaka, kuye kwavela ukunyuka okumangalisayo kwi-type 1 yeswekile.
Ukususela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2009, iziganeko zesifo sikashukela se-1 zikhuphuke zisuka kwi-1.48 ukuya ku-1000 ukuya ku-1.93 ngomnyaka we-1000.
Izifo ezizenzekelayo
Ukongeza kwiimeko ezinjenge-lupus neliliac disease, kukho inkxalabo yokuba iqela elitsha leengxaki zikhoyo ngoku - i-autoimmune syndrome eyenziwa ngabaxhasi (ASIA).
Yintoni i-ASIA? Ingxaki echazwe ngokuchanekileyo efuna ukugxeka iigonti njengesizathu sezifo ezizimele. Noko ke, oogqirha "abanakholelwa ukuba kuyilisifo esilungileyo."
Kuthiwani ngezinye izifo ezizenzekelayo?
- Isifo seCeliac - nangona ukuqonda okuphakamileyo kuye kwabangela ukwanda kwe-diagnosis ye-malaria celiac ebantwaneni, kucatshulwa ukuba "uxwebhu lwe-epidemiological lwedatha lonyuka ukwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke, kunye namazinga aphindwe kabini kwiminyaka engama-20"
- Uhlobo lwe-1 lweswekile - ukwanda njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla
- Lupus (SLE)
- I-juvenile dermatomyositis
- Scleroderma
- I-juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
Ukungabikho kwezifundo zikazwelonke zeziganeko zezifo ezininzi ezizimeleyo, ezifana ne-JIA kunye neSLE, kwenza kube nzima ukwazi kakuhle indlela abahamba ngayo, kodwa kuphephile ukuba bacinga ukuba bayanda.
Nangona asizi ukuba kutheni izifo ezizimele zikhula, siyazi ukuba inxaxheba enkulu isondlo esondelene. Kwakhona kungenzeka ukuba izinto ezinokusingqongileyo zingaba negalelo elinzima kulokhu kwanda.
Nangona ukusuleleka kudlalwa ukuba yiyona nto ibangela abantu abanomdla, izitofu azinjalo, ngaphandle kweziganeko ezimbalwa ezinqabileyo, ezifana nokuphuhlisa i-ITP emva kokufumana ukhuselo lwe-MMR. Ukususela kwingcamango yokuba unokuhlakulela isifo se-sclerosis emva kokufumana isifo sesifo sikashukela se-hepatitis B emva kwe-Hib okanye esinye isigonyo, uphando lubonise ukuba izitofu azenzi izifo ezizimele.
Uphando luqhubeka luqhutyelwa ukukhangela oko kunokubangela ukwanda.
Yintoni Enye Okufanele Uyazi
Ezinye izinto ezaziyo malunga nempilo jikelele yabantwana banamhlanje zibandakanya:
- Nangona kungatshintshi ukususela ngo-2013, kwiminyaka engama-78.8, ukulindela ubomi kwabemi base-United States ngo-2014 kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo.
- Izibhedlele zazihla okanye zingatshintshi kubantwana kunye nentsha ukusuka ngo-2000 ukuya ku-2012 kwiimeko ezininzi.
- Nangona izinga lokunyamezela kwabantwana landa ngokukhawuleza emva kweminyaka yama-1980, abantu abaninzi baya kumangaliswa ukwazi ukuba bahlala bezinzile ukususela ngo-2003, kwaye ngokwenene baqala ukuwa phantsi kwabantwana abaneminyaka engama-1000 ubudala.
- Imimiselo yezilwanyana yaba yi-7% ephantsi ngonyaka ka-2010 kunokuba babekho ngo-2002.
- Amazinga okukhulelwa kwabafundi afikelele kwi-rekhodi ephantsi ngo-2013, nangona iphezulu kunamazwe amaninzi athuthukile.
Ngokulindeleka kwexesha lokuphila kunye nokunciphisa ukufa kwabantwana, abantwana namhlanje babonakala bephilile kunanini ngaphambili. Njengokuba ezinye izifo zintlungu ziphakanyisiwe, abanye abaninzi behla.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, "iindlela eziphazamisayo" abanye abantu abazibhalayo ngokuqinisekileyo zigqitha.
Ngelishwa, abantwana bethu baneengxaki ezininzi ezijongene nazo, ngoku kunye nakwixesha elizayo elizayo, kubundlobongela bebhamu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwesoyiko lokusuleleka .
Akufanele sivumele ukukhathazeka malunga neengongelo, ezifana "neengxube" ezigulini, ukudala iingxaki (ukuqhuma kwezifo ezikhuseleke ukugonya) eziza kuthatha izibonelelo ngaphandle kokudala ikusasa elikhuselekileyo neliphilileyo kubantwana bethu.
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