Ukuba une-hepatitis yentsholongwane, unokwazi ukuba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokusasaza iintsholongwane. Ngoko oko kuthetha ntoni ukuba unomntwana? Ngaba uya kukwazi ukuncelisa? Ziziphi iindleko kufuneka zithathwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-hepatitis?
I-Hepatitis Yokuncelisa Nokusondeza
Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo phakathi koomama abanesifo sengqondo sesifo sengculazi yingozi yokudluliselwa kwiintsana zabo ngenxa yokuncelisa.
Nangona ubuninzi bobubungqina benzululwazi bubonisa ukuba lo mkhuba ukhuselekile ngokugqibeleleyo, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe kwiimeko ezithile.
Phakathi kwabaxhasayo yi-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP), exhasa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuncelisa unomama onobungozi besifo sofuba kwaye ibone indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuhliswa kunye nempilo entle yabantwana babo abasana.
Izigqibo zixhomekeke kwi-epidemiology yophando kwimilinganiselo yokudlulisela umama kwintsana ye-hepatitis A, B, C, D kunye ne-E nakwamanye amazwe athuthukileyo.
I-Hepatitis A kunye ne-Hepatitis E
Intsholongwane ye-Hepatitis A (HAV) isasazeka ngokubanzi ngomzila we-fecal-oral, oquka ukungcola ukutya okungahlambulukanga okanye amanzi, ukubandakanyeka kwisondo ngomlomo, kunye nezinye iziganeko apho umbandela ungadluliselwa kumuntu kumntu. Ngaloo ndlela, ucoceko olulungileyo, kuquka ukuhlanjululwa kwendlela yokwenza izandla, kuya kubonwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ukusasazeka kwe-HAV.
Ukuqhagamshelana namanye amachiza omzimba ayithathwa njengeendlela zokuhambisa. Akukho bubungqina be-HAV obuye lwahlukana nobisi lobisi lwebantwini, obangela ukuba ukuncelisa kuncelise ngokukhuselekileyo kubantwana abancinci.
Ukuba umama uye wabonakaliswa kwi-HAV, unokunikezelwa nge- immune globulin (IG) , uhlobo olumntu okhuselekileyo olukhuselekileyo ekukhuseleni isifo.
Kuba oomama sele basuleleke, amanye amagqirha ancoma ukunika i-hepatitis A i-immune globulin kwintsana xa umama ebonakalisa iimpawu ezimbini kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuhambisa kunye neveki emva kokunikezelwa. Abanye oogqirha bajonga ukuba lo mkhuba awuyinto engadingekile njengoko usasazo lwe-HAV ukusukela kumntwana aluqhelekanga.
Intsholongwane ye-Hepatitis E (HEV) ifana ne-hepatitis A ngendlela esasazeka ngayo. Nangona kunzima kakhulu kwiUnited States, ibonakala rhoqo kwiindawo zaseAsia, Afrika, naseMntla America.
I-Hepatitis E ingaba ngumngeni kumfazi okhulelwe njengama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abathintela intsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa banokuphuhlisa i- hepatitis epheleleyo (ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi). Nangona kunjalo, njenge-hepatitis A, ukuncelisa i-breastfeeding isacinga ukuba ikhuselekile kumama osuleleke kwi-HEV.
I-Hepatitis B kunye ne-Hepatitis D
I-virus ye-Hepatitis B (i-HBV) idluliselwa ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngegalelo legazi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubelana ngesaliti ezingcolileyo okanye ukulala nomntu ogulayo.
Intsholongwane inokufunyanwa kumanzi amaninzi kodwa iyasasazeka xa ikhona kumanqanaba aphakamileyo kwigazi, isela okanye umatha.
Ngokungafani ne-hepatitis A ne-E, i-HBV isasazeka ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokuzalwa. Le ndlela yokusasazeka ayiqhelekanga eYurophu nakwiMntla Melika kodwa iyaziwa ukuba iqhubeke rhoqo kumazwe asakhulayo anezibonelelo ezinonophelo zonyango.
Utshintsho lwe-HBV, nangona kunjalo, aluveli kubisi lwebele, okwenza lukhuseleke ngokupheleleyo kwiintsana ngaphandle kokuba kukho umngcipheko wokudibana negazi le-HBV. Ngoko ke, oomama abaneenambuzane eziqhekekileyo okanye eziphaphazelekayo kufuneka baqikelele ukuphepha ukuncelisa kunye nokufaka umfomfesane osana kuze kube yilapho ixesha labo liphiliswa.
Oomama kufuneka bacinge ngokugonya iintsana zabo ngesifo sokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuba umntwana unikwe i-hepatitis B IG ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-12 zokuzalwa. Ukugonya kwe-Hepatitis B kudinga amanani amathathu: omnye ekuzalweni, okwesibini kwiinyanga ezimbini, neyesithathu ezintandathu.
Intsholongwane ye-Hepatitis D (i-HDV) idluliselwa kuphela phambi kwe-HVB kwaye isasazwa ngeendlela ezifanayo (igazi, isambu, umlenze).
Ukudluliselwa kumama kumntwana akuqhelekanga. Njengoko i-HBV, oomama abane-HDV banokuncelisa iintsana zabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugonywa kwe-HBV kuyicetyiswa ngamandla ekuzalweni ukunciphisa ingozi yokusuleleka kwe-HDV.
I-Hepatitis C
Intsholongwane ye-Hepatitis C (i-HCV) ixhaphake ngokuqhagamshelana negalelo legazi, njenge-hepatitis B. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani ne-HBV, ukutyhila ngokwesini kwi-HCV kuthathwa njengento engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwamacandelo athile aphezulu .
Indlela ehamba phambili yokudluliselwa kwe-HCV inokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kweenaliti zesabelo kunye / okanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zesirya.
Phantse kwi-1 ukuya kweebini kweepesenti kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo baqikelelwa ukuba bane-HCV. Ukuhanjiswa kubonakala ngokuyinhloko kwi-utero (ngelixa unina ukhulelwe kwaye ngaphambi kokubeletha) kwaye inomngcipheko wee-5 kwipesenti, kuxhomekeke kumthwalo wentsholongwane womama kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi.
Noko ke, akukho naluphi ubungqina bokuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-HCV kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncelisa, kunye neentsana ezikhuselweyo kunye neengxakini zinomngcipheko wokosulelo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amaziko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo, i-American Congress of Obstetricians kunye neGynecologists kunye ne-American Academy ye-Pediatrics yonke inkxaso yokuncelisa i-HCV-HIV. Njenge-hepatitis B, kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo ukuba umama aphule okanye aphephe iimbumba, abanike ithuba lokuphilisa ngaphambi kokuba anake umntwana wakhe.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kokuncelisa kunomama osuleleke nge-HIV kunye ne-HCV . Njengamanje, e-US, ukuncelisa unyanzeliswa ngabafazi abanesifo se-HIV njengokuba kukho ukuhanjiswa, ikakhulukazi kwabasetyhini nabasetyhini abanemithwalo ephezulu ye- HIV .
Ngabe Unina Akazifanele Aphule Kancinci?
Njengoko ufunda ngcaciso engentla, unokukhathazeka ngokuncelisa kunye nengozi yengane yakho. Ukuba kunjalo, kunokuba luncedo ukuqonda xa ukuncelisa iincinci kungakhuthazwa ngokwe-CDC, njengoko kukho ngokwenene imimiselo embalwa apho oku kuyinyaniso. Ukuncinwa akucebisi ukuba:
- Iintsana ezifunyaniswe nesifo esingavumelekanga galactosemia ( iimvavanyo ezisanda kuzalwa zokuhlola i-disorder)
- Oomama abanesifo seNTSHOLONGWANE YAGAWULAYO, isifo se-T-cell lymphotropic I-type okanye uhlobo lwe-II, okanye ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral
- Oomama abanesifo sofuba esingathandwanga, esichukumisayo
- Oomama abaxhomekeke kwiziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni
- Unina uthatha izidakamizwa ezithile ze-chemotherapy (ezifana ne-antimetabolites) okanye unyango lwe-radiation
Ngaphantsi kwe-Breastfeeding and Viral Hepatitis
Ngokubanzi, ukuvumelana kwemibutho yelizwe elinganayo kukuba iintlobo zokuncelisa kuncelisa ingozi xa unina une-hepatitis ye-virus. Okungenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeka ukuba umama one-hepatitis B okanye i-hepatitis C uye waqhekeka okanye uyaphala. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, nangona kunjalo, ukuncelisa kuphela kufuneka kume ude unqume ukuba iipilisi zikamama ziphilise, kwaye ziyakwazi kwakhona kwakhona.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Ukuncelisa. I-Hepatitis B ne-C Izifo. Ukuhlaziywa 06/17/15. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/hepatitis.htm
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Xa Umama Kufanele Aphephe Ukuxilwa? Updated 11/18/16. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/