Ingqungquthela angayi kuba ngumqondiso weengozi
Ukwaziswa kuye kwanda malunga nomngcipheko onokuhlala unobungozi obungapheliyo (CTE), ukugula okungapheliyo kwengqondo. I-CTE ibonakala ubuncinane ukuba ibangelwe yindlela eyahlukahlukeneyo yokulimala kwentloko. Ukulimala okuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangelwa kwinkonzo yemikhosi okanye kwimidlalo yokuthintana, njengebhola lebhola laseMerika.
Kukho ubuninzi abaphandi abakwaziyo ukuyiqonda iinjongo ze-CTE, kunye neemeko ezithile ezibeka abantu besengozini.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukuvumelana okukhulayo ukuba kunye nokulimala okungaphantsi kweempembelelo ezinokuqala ezibangelwa iimpawu ezincinane kungabangela umonakalo.
IiSyndromes zezoNyango eziPhumela kwiNkathazo yeNtloko
Ukuqonda indima yokulimala kwentloko ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiCTE, kunokuba luncedo ukuhlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-syndrome kunye neendidi zokulimala. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukulimala kweBrain Injury
- Ingqungquthela
- I-Post-Concussion Syndrome
- I-Subconcussion (ebizwa ngokuba yingozi yeconconcerus)
- Encephalopathy engapheliyo
Ezi zi-syndromes zihlobene, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zingaphaya. Nangona kunjalo, zinokubandakanya iinkqubo ezihlukeneyo zomzimba kwingqondo.
Yintoni Ubungozi Bobunzima Bobunzima?
Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu ( TBI ) kubhekisela kuhlobo lokulimala kwengqondo olwenzeka ngenxa yendlela ethile yokulimala, ukubetha, okanye ukulimala okwenyama. Umonakalo unokukwenziwa ngokuthintela ngokuthe ngqo izicubu zengqondo (njengokwenzakala kokulimala kwengqondo) okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, njengoko ingqondo igubungela ngaphakathi kwekhayi.
Kuthetha ukuba ukulimala kubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwangaphandle kwamandla (ngokuchasene nengxaki yonyango njengengqumbo).
I-TBI ivela kwiindawo ezininzi zobunzima, kuxhomekeka ngokucacileyo ukuba yiziphi iinjongo zobuchopho ezonakaliswe kwaye umonakalo omkhulu kangakanani. Lezona zininzi zenzakala zokulimala zingakhokelela ekubanjeni isigxina okanye ngokufa.
Kodwa nangona i-TBI elula ingakhokelela kwiingxaki, zombini kwixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi baye bafunda ngakumbi ngemiphumo yesikhathi eside kubantu abathile abafumana ama-TBI aphindaphindiweyo.
Abaphandi bafunda okuninzi malunga noko kwenzekayo kwingqondo kwiintsuku, iiveki, kunye neenyanga emva kwe-TBI. Nangona kwezinye iimeko ubuchopho buya kubuya kwimeko eqhelekileyo, kwezinye iimeko kunokubakho utshintsho lwexesha elide kwingqondo, ngokukodwa kubantu abaye bafumana ukulimala okuphindaphindiweyo.
Yintoni Ingqungquthela?
Ingqungquthela ingathathwa ngoluhlobo olunefuthe lwe-TB. Iimpawu zengqungquthela zihlala zibonakala emva kokulimala okanye kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Akukho zichazi zendalo yonke into engummangalo, kodwa ezinye iimpawu zengxubusho ziquka:
- Intloko
- Utywala
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemilinganiselo
- Ukuphazamiseka
- Ukulala
- Unzima ukugxila okanye ukukhumbula
Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo maxa wambi kwenzeka ngokuxubusha, kodwa akunjalo. Ingqungquthela ifunyaniswa ngokusekelwe kwimpawu zomntu kunye nembali yokulimala. Uninzi lwexesha iimpawu zengxubusho azihlali ixesha elide kuneveki ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10 (nangona le nto ingaba yinde kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo).
I-Post-Concussive Syndrome
Inani elithile labantu abanobudlelwane baqhubeka befumana uhlobo lweempawu.
Endaweni yokuhamba, iimpawu ziqhubeka emva kokulimala kokuqala. Ezi zinokuqhubeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- post-concussive syndrome . Abantu abanjalo baqhubeka bephethe iimpawu zabo, kwaye banokufumana iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokudakumba nokuxhalabisa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-post-concussive syndrome kuyinto engqubuzanayo-abaphandi abazama ukuyiqonda. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-post-concussve syndrome ihluke kwiCTE. Kwi-post-concussve syndrome, iimpawu zesigxina ziyaqhubeka kwiiveki okanye ngaphezulu.
Oku kuqhathaniswa ne-CTE, apho iimpawu ezingabonakali iminyaka emininzi. Ngeli xesha akucaci ukuba luphi ubudlelwane (ukuba kukho) phakathi kwe-post-concussve syndrome kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwe-CTE.
Yintoni Ikhonkco?
Ngamanye amaxesha ubuchopho bunobungozi obunzima kodwa kungabonakali iimpawu zengxubusho. Oku kungabalwa njengento ebizwa ngokuba yi "subconcussion." Ukulimala okunjalo akuhambelani nemigqaliselo yokuxilongwa kwengcamango. Umntu unokuthi abe neyodwa okanye ezimbini iimpawu zesikhashana, okanye akukho mpawu nhlobo. Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina bebhoratri kunye neziphumo eziphambili zokufumanisa i-neuroimaging zibonisa ukuba kwezinye iimeko ubuchopho bunokubangela ukulimala ngokwenyama (kunye nokulimala kwexesha elide) kodwa ngaphandle kweempawu okanye iimpawu ezikhawulezayo. Ukulimala okunjalo kungonakalisa ngakumbi ingqondo xa kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha elide.
Zobabini iingqungquthela kunye neengqungquthela zingenziwa kwiimidlalo ezininzi nangaphandle kwebala lezemidlalo. Nangona kunjalo, ibhola leMelika linomlinganiselo ophezulu kwaye ngoko ke yinto ehlolisisiweyo. Ukulimala kwe-Subconcussive, ngokukodwa, inokuthi ivele rhoqo kwiindawo zokudibanisa okanye zokudibanisa. Enye yezinto ezixhalabisayo malunga ne-subconcussion kukuba ukulimala okunjalo akubangela ukuba kususwe kumdlalo wokudlala.
Yintoni iCTE?
I-CTE yimeko edala umonakalo okanye ukufa kwiindawo zengqondo ngexesha. Ikhokelela kwiimpawu ezifana
- Ukukhubazeka kwememori
- I sigwebo
- Ukulawulwa kakubi kwefuthe
- Ukunciphisa, intetho edibeneyo
- I-Parkinsonism (kubangela ukugubha, ukunyanzela, kunye nokuhamba kancinci)
- Ukudandatheka (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuzibulala)
- I-Dementia (kamva esi sifo)
Izizathu zeCTE aziqondi kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo ukutshabalalisa kwentloko kwenzelwa ukuba kudlala indima. I-microscopically, iiprotheni ezithile ziqala ukuqokelela ngokungaqhelekanga kwingqondo (njenge-tau kunye ne-TDP-43). Okwangoku, akukho vavanyo oluya kusetyenziswa ukuxilonga i-CTE kubantu abaphilayo. Inokufumaneka kuphela ngokuhlola ingqondo emva kokufa.
Ngokuphawulekayo, iimpawu zeCTE zivela emva kweminyaka emva kokukhathazeka ngokomzimba, umzekelo, kumaqela asebhola ekhatywayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akusiyo wonke umntu ofumana iimpembelelo eziphindaphindiweyo zentloko kubonakala efumana i-CTE.
Ngaba Ingqungquthela isisombululo esihle kwiCTE Risk?
Okwangoku, izikhokelo zezemidlalo zigxininisa ngakumbi kwiingxube kunokuba zenzelwe ukulimala kwe-subconcussive. Ngokomzekelo, iNational Football League iye yasungula iprotocol-post-concussion yokuncedisa ukuba ngabadlali bavunyelwe ukubuyela kumdlalo. Abadlali abanokuxilongwa abanomtsalane basuswa kwimidlalo yemidlalo ngosuku. Oku kubalulekile ukuphulukana ngokufanelekileyo kwiimpawu zengxubusho.
Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba amanyathelo okukhusela akhusele ngokwaneleyo abadlali. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi ukuphindaphinda, ukukhutshwa kwe-subconcussive (engabangelwa ukususwa kwimidlalo) inokubeka ingozi kwi-CTE kwixesha elide.
Ngokomzekelo, isifundo se-2018 esashicilelwe kwi-journalist yezemfundo uBrain wafunda ikhonkco phakathi kweempawu ze-subconcussion kunye ne-CTE. UDkt. Lee Goldstein, uprofesa ochaphazelekayo kwiSikolo soPhando lweYunivesithi yaseBoston, wasebenza kunye neqela labaphandi kumaziko amaningana. Iqela lihlolisise ubuchopho be-post-mortem yabadlali-abadlali abaye bafumana ukulimala kweentloko ezinxulumene nemidlalo. Baye basebenzisa imodeli ye mouse ukuze bafunde imiphumo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlungu zentloko emva kwee-CTE iziphumo (xa zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope).
Bafumanise ukuba ezinye iigundane ezabonisa iimpawu zengxubusho emva kokubethelwa kwamandla okuqala azizange ziqhube phambili ekuphuhliseni i-CTE. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iigundane ezibonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo (kodwa ezingaphantsi kakhulu) azizange zibonise naziphi na iimpawu zokuxubusha. Kodwa ezinye zala maqhinga kamva zavelisa iimpawu zeCTE.
Eli qela lagqiba ukuba ezinye zeentengo ezikhokelela kwingxubusho zinganceda kwi-CTE . Nangona kunjalo, ingqungquthela ngokwayo ayibonakali iyimfuneko ukuqalisa inkqubo. Kwi-release release, uGqirha Goldstein wathi, "Ezi ziphumo zibone ubungqina obuqinileyo-ubungqina obunobulumko obunako-ukuba iimpembelelo ezingezantsi nje ziyingozi kuphela kodwa zixhomekeke kwiCTE."
Impembelelo kwiMidlalo
Umbutho wezemidlalo ungadinga ukuqwalasela impembelelo yale mpembelelo ye-subconcussive xa uhlakulela izikhokelo, ngaphezu kokulandela izilumkiso ezikhoyo kwiinkomfa. Umonakalo owenzakeleyo we-subconcussive kubonakala ukuqokelela ngexesha. Okwangoku, asinalo ulwazi malunga nenani leempembelelo ezincinci ezikhuselekileyo kubadlali ngaphambi kokuba baphephe umdlalo wabo, ixesha, okanye umsebenzi wabo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokhuseleko lwabadlali, kukho utshintsho olufunekayo ukunciphisa inani elipheleleyo leempembelelo zentloko kubadlali. Abadlali, nabo, kufuneka bafundiswe ukuba ukuchithwa kwe-non-concussive kungabangela umngcipheko wexesha elide le-CTE.
> Imithombo:
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> Baugh CM, Stamm JM, uRiley DO, et al. Inkathazo engapheliyo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo: i-neurodegeneration elandela ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuxhomekeka kwengqondo. I-Br e- Imaging Behav . 2012; 6 (2): 244-54. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11682-012-9164-5.
> Scorza KA, uRaleigh MF, O'Connor FG. Iingcamango zangoku kwiingqungquthela: ukuhlola nokulawula. I-Phys Physician . 2012 Jan 15; 85 (2): 123-32.
> Gcina i-CA, i-Fisher AM, i-Minaeva OV, kunye ne-al. Ingqungquthela, ukulimala kwe-microvascular, kunye ne-tauopathy yamandulo kwiimbaleki ezincinane emva kokulimala kwentloko kunye nefuthe le-mouse. Ubunjani . 2018; 141 (2): 422-458.
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