Iingqungquthela zezemidlalo ezinokuthi zibe neempembelelo ezinzima zesikhathi eside
Sibanzi
Iingqungquthela zengozi zentloko ezityhukisayo ezivela kumabini amancinci kunye neentlungu ezinzima entloko. Ezinye iinzakalo zentloko zinokubonakala zibukhali kodwa uphando lubona ukuba iingqungquthela zingaba nefuthe elibi, elide ixesha elide , ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwenzakala kwintloko okanye iincutshu eziqhubekayo.
Ingqungquthela ibangelwa yixinzelelo elibi lekhanda apho ubuchopho buhamba ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwintayi.
Iingqungquthela zengqondo ziphelisa umlilo ngokukhawuleza, kufana nokutshatyalaliswa. Ezinye iingxelo zibonisa ukuba izigulane ezithwele ingxube zibonakala zinezenzo zobuchopho zabantu kwi-coma.
Ingqungquthela ingabangela ukuwa apho intloko ixabela into okanye into ehambayo iyaxabela intloko. Inkqubela yokuguquka ngokukhawuleza njengento ephazamisa intloko (njengesikhonkco kwicala lobuso) inokuvelisa ukungazi. Nangona kunjalo, ingqungquthela ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na indlela ingavelisa ukungazi.
Ngo-2004, i-data iqokelelwe kwintloko yefuthe le-telemetry inkqubo esebenzayo kwizifundo zeengcamango ze-NFL zifumene ukuba i-58 ye-623 (i-9,3 ekhulwini) yabathathi bebhola abaqeqeshelwa ingqungquthela nayo yayilahlekelwa yintliziyo.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
- Iingqungquthela zokuQinisekisa kwangaphambili zingabandakanya :
- Ukudideka
- Ukuphazamiseka
- Ukulahleka kwememori
- Ukungaqondi
- Ubungakanani obungalinganiyo nabafundi
- Intloko
- Utywala
- Tinnitus
- I sizathu
- Ukuvutha
- Umbono utshintsha
- Iingqungquthela zengqungquthela yokuHlanganiswa zingabandakanya :
- Ukuphazamiseka kwememori
- Ukungabikho kwengxaki
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
- Utshintsho lwabantu
- Ukukhathala
Iingcaphephe zeMidlalo ezixhamle kwiNkxwaleko kunye neengxaki zeCognitive
Ukuxinezeleka ngenye yezibonakaliso ezininzi ezenziwa ngabadlali emva kokuxubusha. Enyanisweni, uphando oluthile lubona ukuxhaphazeleka kwezigulane zentlungu ezikhuselekileyo kunokufikelela kuma-40 ekhulwini.
Izifundo eziliqela ziye zabonisa ukudibanisa phakathi kwimbali yokulimala kwengqondo kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu ekuphuhliseni ukudakumba okukhulu emva koko ebomini.
- Uphando olulodwa kwiingqungquthela kwiimidlalo ezivela kwi-University of Neurological Institute yaseMcgill University yachaza i-neurological of depression kwiimbaleki ezineenkomfa. Ukuvavanywa kweemvavanyo ezenziwa nge-MRI kwi-athlete ezidandathekile emva kwesigxina kubonisa indlela efanayo yokusebenza kwengqondo njengezigulane ezinokudakumba okukhulu.
- Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba ngaba-2,552 abadla umhlala-phantsi be-football-football player, abangaphezu kwama-11 ekhulwini abo banempikiswano ephindaphindiweyo banokuxilongwa kwexinzelelo. Abadlali babika iingxoxo ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu zangaphambili bezihlandlo eziphindwe kathathu zokufumana uxinzelelo kunabo abangenawo umlando wengqungquthela.
- Uphando olwenziwa ngabaphandi eYunivesithi yase-Illinois e-Chicago College of Medicine lwabikela ukufumana utshintsho olusesikweni kwimiba emhlophe yobungqina bezigulane ezinobungozi bentloko, kunye nenzakalo ephezulu yentloko ebonisa utshintsho olusisiseko. Ezi nguqu zenkqubela zihambelana nokulahlekelwa kwengqondo ekucingeni, kwimemori kunye nokuqwalaselwa.
Bafumanisa nokuba ezinye iinxeba ezinobunzima zenza umonakalo kuphela kummandla ongaphandle we-nerve (i-myelin sheath ye-axon), enokukwazi ukulungiswa, kodwa ukulimala kolukhuni okuninzi kunobangela umonakalo kwi-axon ngokwayo, engenako kulungiswe lula. Ukuba i-axon iyahlukana, akunakwenzeka ukuba iyakwazi ukuzilungisa.
Ingqungquthela kwi-Skiers ne-Snowboarders
Abaphandi baseCanada bafumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ukuba intlungu yomgudu kunye nokulimala kwengqondo kubonakala iyanda emhlabeni jikelele. Bachaza ukuba la mazinga okulimala ahambelana nokunyuka kunye nokwamkelwa kwezantya ezisezantsi kwiimithambeka kunye neendlela ezihamba phambili, ezifana nokuxhamla nokuguquka.
Baphendula kwakhona ukuba ukugqoka isigqoko sinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kwekhanda ngamaphesenti angama-60 kwaye iphakame kakhulu iinqununu ze-skiers kunye nabagibeli.
Uncedo yokuqala
Ukuba unentlungu yokulimala, yima umsebenzi uze ufune unyango. Nangona ucinga ukuba yinto epholileyo ekhanda, ingaba yinto ebalulekileyo xa ubuyela kwimidlalo.
Ngokomphandi uMark Lowell, evumela umdlali ukuba abuyele ekudlalweni kakhulu emva kokuba nantoni na eyona nto yengozi yentloko ikwandisa ithuba lokulimala kakhudlwana kwengqondo. Ngenxa yokuba izibonakaliso zengqungquthela elincinci - ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka kunye nokulahlekelwa kwememori - zinyamalale ngaphakathi kwemizuzu kwaye zingenakuchazwa ngumdlali, abadlali bavame ukuvunyelwa ukuba baqhubeke bedlala okanye babuyele kumdlalo ngaphambi kokuba iingqondo zabo zibe nexesha elaneleyo ku philisa.
Uvavanyo noVavanyo
Ukugqiba xa umgijimi kufuneka abuyele kwimidlalo emva kokuba ingqungquthela ihlala ingumngcipheko kwindawo yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, iiprojekthi eziphando zophando ziyaqhubeka nokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuvavanya nokuvavanya.
Abaphandi ba-2010 kwi-Yunivesithi yaseMichigan kwiSebe leMpilo yezoPhilisa kunye nokuPhuhliswa kweMpilo bavelise uvavanyo olulula nolulinganisekanga lokuvavanya ixesha elingasinceda ukufumana abadlali ababenobungozi bentloko obunzima ngokwaneleyo ukufuna ixesha kwizemidlalo.
Abaphandi kwi-University of Pittsburgh I-Medicine Centre baqulunqa inkqubo yeekhompyutheni, ukuHlola okuPhezulu-emva kokuPhononongwa kunye neNkqubo yoVavanyo lweCognitive, okanye i-ImPACT, eyenza inkumbulo yomdlali, ixesha lokuphendula kunye nesantya sokuqhubela phambili ukwenzela ukunceda xa umgijimi engakwazi ukubuyela ngokuphepha kwimidlalo emva kokulimala kwentloko.
Uvavanyo luyilinganisa iziphumo ezisemgangathweni zezembaleki ekuqaleni kwexesha. Babuyela nayiphi na umdlali ogcina inxeba okanye ikhanda. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonelela ukuhlolwa kovavanyo nokuba ngaba umdlali unempilo ngokwaneleyo ukuba abuyele ukudlala. Inkqubo ye-ImPACT njengamanje isetyenziswe kwizikolo ezininzi eziphakamileyo kunye neeikholeji, kunye ne-National Football League kunye neSizwe yeHockey League.
Umthombo
I-Pellman, Ingqungquthela kwiSizwe soBlabathi beBhola: isicatshulwa se-neurologists, i-Neurosurgery 2004.
Jen-Kai Chenet al. Iziganeko zeNewural of Symptoms of Depression Emva kweNgqungquthela kwiiNtlalontle zaBantu abaPhezulu ngokuPhepha kweMpawu zoThutho, iiNgcaciso zoLondolozo lweengqondo. 2008; 65 (1): 81-89.
Kraus MF, et al. Umxholo omhlophe ukuthembeka kunye nokuqonda kwimeko yokulimala kwengqondo engapheliyo: ukufundiswa kweengcamango ezixhasayo. Ubunjani. 2007 Oct; 130 (Pt 10): 2508-19. Epub 2007 Septemba 14.
Ackery, et al. Ukuhlaziywa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwintloko kunye nokulimala kwentambo yomgudu kwi-alpine skiing kunye ne-snowboarding. Uthintelo Lokulimala 2007; 13: 368-375.
Iingqungquthela eziqhelekileyo kunye neengozi yoxinzelelo kwiBhola beBhola beBhola. Amagqirha kunye neNzululwazi kwimidlalo kunye nokuzivocavoca. 39 (6): 903-909, ngoJuni 2007.