Kukho i-12 ye-cranial nervo. Ezi zikhupha ziphuma kwisiseko sobuchopho, kwaye ziqhutywe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuso kunye nentloko. Iimbilini ze-cranial zenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngeemvakalelo kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kweso, ukuqala iingcamango zokukhusela.
Iimbilini ze-cranial zisengozini ngexesha loxinzelelo lwentloko kuba abaninzi babo bagijima phezu kobuso bekrele kwaye bavikeleke kuphela ngeemisipha kunye nezicubu zobuso.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokusikwa kwimboba kunokwaluleka, ukuphuka okanye ukunciphisa i-neral crerve. Amathambo ebomvu kunye neengqumbo awonakaliswa angonakalisa amaninzi. Imiphumo yokulimala kwentsholongwane yomnxeba ingaba yesikhashana okanye isigxina, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokulimala.
ImiSebenzi yeMigudu yeNgcini
Ekubeni iintsholongwane zomzimba zilawula imisebenzi ephawulekayo njengokuguqula amehlo, ukuhlafuna nokumomotheka, umonakalo ungabonwa kwaye uzive xa umsebenzi onxulumene nesibindi uguqulwa. Nantsi le nto eyenziwa yi-12 cranial neerves, kwaye yintoni enokulahleka xa inetyholo ikalimele:
I-Olfactory: inikeza umqondo wokuvumba
I-II Optic: idibanisa ulwazi olubonakalayo kwiso kwintliziyo
I-Oculomotor ye-III: ilawula ukunyuka kwamanani kunye neentloko zeentloko; Kwakhona ulawula ubukhulu babantwana ekuphenduleni ukukhanya.
IV Trochlear: ulawula ukuhamba kwamehlo aphantsi nangaphakathi ekhaleni
I-Trigeminal: idibanisa uvakalelo lokuthinta ubuso; Kwakhona ulawula izihlunu zokuhlafuna
VI Ukhupha: ulawula ukuhamba kwe-eyeball
I-VII Ubuso: kushukumisa imisipha eyenza ubuso buso; inikezela ngcamango yengongoma phambi kweebini kwisithathu kweelwimi.
I-VIIII-Auditory-vestibular: inikeza ingqiqo yokuva, kwaye ikwazisa ngolwazi ngesimo somzimba kwindawo eya kwengqondo.
IX Glossopharyngeal: ukulawula izihlunu zomqala, izigulane ezithengayo, kwaye inikezela ngolwazi oluvela kumqolo wesithathu wolwimi; Iintsholongwane zitshintshela kwingcinezelo yegazi kwaye zithetha ezo ngqondweni ukuze ziphendule.
X Vagus: ilawula intliziyo, imiphunga kunye nezitho zomzimba
I-XI I-Accessory Spinal: ilawula umqala kunye nentamo yentamo.
XII I-Hypoglossal: ishukumisela ulwimi kwaye inokwenza intetho
Kucacile ukuba ezi zinzwa zilawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yentloko, ubuso kunye nentamo. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha umonakalo ubonakala ngokukhawuleza, kunokuthatha iiyure ukuya kwiintsuku zokukhubazeka ukubonakalisa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kukho i-clot yegazi ekwandayo kwi-nerve ye-cranial kwaye i-nerve iqala ukufa, oku kungathatha ixesha lokubonisa.
Ziyintoni Ubonakalo?
Enye yeemvalo ezonakaliswe ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha loxinzelelo lwentloko yi-Cranial Nerve I, i-nerf yoltifact. Umonakalo kule ntshoyo ayithinteli kuphela umqondo wokuvumba kodwa ukwazi ukunambitha ukutya kuba ukuvumba kuyinto ebalulekileyo yongcamango.
Ukuba i-nerve ebusweni ibonakaliswe, i-nerani ye-VII yecala, elinye icala lobuso aliyi kuba nako ukuthetha, kwaye ingcamango ingatshintshwa. Ukulimala kule ntsho kubandezelekile ngenxa yokuphazamisa enye yeyona ndlela ixhomekeka ngayo kwiindlela zokubonakalisa, kwaye ichaphazela nomntu ngokwakhe.
I-nertic optic , i-cranial nerve II, ingonakaliswa yi-crack fractures. Ukuba i-sheared, ikhokelela ekuphoseni ngokusisigxina kwiso elichaphazelekayo.
Le mizekelo embalwa nje. Iimbilini nganye zibonisa iimpawu ezizodwa emva kokulimala.
Unyango
Ukuba i-nerve ye-cranial igqitywe ngokubini, ayikwazi ukulungiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ityululwe okanye iphazamiseke kodwa iimbilini zihlala zizinzile, ziyakwazi ukubuyela. Oku kuthatha ixesha kwaye kunokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu eziquka ukubetha kunye nentlungu. Ezi zimpawu zibonakaliso ezintle zokuthi i-nerve iyaphilisa.
I-Steroids ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwi-nerve cranial. Ngamaxesha athile ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukuba iqoqo legazi, elibizwa ngokuthi i-hematoma, lixubha intsholongwane kwaye liholele ekukhubazeni okanye ukungasebenzi.
Iingcali zeeurologists kunye neurosurgeons zineemvavanyo ezizodwa kunye nokungenelela okubhekiselele kulolu hlobo lomonakalo wenzwa kwaye kufuneka baxoxwe.
Imithombo:
Bhargava, P., Gupta, B., Grewal, S., Jain, V., Gupta, P., Jhawar, S., & Sobti, H. (2012). Iintlanzi ezininzi ze-cranial nerve after head injured. Ingxelo yecala. Indian Journal Of Neurotrauma , 9 (2), 129-132. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.juni 2012.11.003
Cox, C., Boswell, G., McGrath, A., Reynolds, T., & Cole, E. (2004). Umonakalo wesondlo. Umhlengikazi ongxamisekileyo , 12 (2), 14-21 8p.
Finsterer, J., & Grisold, W. (2015). Ukuphazamiseka kwezibilini ezincinci ze-cranial. Journal Of Neuroscience In Practice Practice , 6 (3), 377-391. i-doi: 10.4103 / 0976-3147.158768