Umbuzo: Ungayichaza njani iRhafu yokuLawula ukuLawula iNzala?
"Ndididekile kakhulu malunga nendlela yokutolika amazinga angaphumeleli." Kunokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo indlela efanelekileyo yokulawula ukuzalwa . Ngokomzekelo, ndifunda ukuba izinga lokungaphumeleli leikhondom li-2-15% xa iibini zithandathu zilala ngesondo rhoqo ngaba unyaka. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba xa isibini sithatha ngesondo ngokuphindwe ngama-100 ngonyaka, kusetyenziswa iikhondom rhoqo, ukuba kukho ithuba eli-2 ukuya ku-15% lokuba ukukhulelwa kuya kwenzeka?
Kwakhona, kutheni kukho uluhlu lwezinga lokungaphumeleli kwiindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa kwaye kungekhona abanye? "
Impendulo:
Ukuze ukhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokulawula ukuzalwa kwakho kwaye ukwandise ukusebenza kwayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde indlela yokutola amazinga okuhluleka kokulawula ukuzalwa. Ndingathanda ukubonisa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba amazinga okuhluleka ahloselwe ukuba aqikeleleke ngokulinganisela kokusebenza kolawulo lokuzalwa - kodwa ayenjalo. Uninzi lwezinga lokungaphumeleli lubekwe kwizifundo zophando lweklinikhi kunye nesampula yabathathi-nxaxheba. Iingqungquthela, kunokwenzeka ukuba izibonda ezahlukeneyo zezifundo ezisebenzisa indlela efanayo yokulawula ukuzalwa zingenza iirhafu zokuhluleka ezahlukeneyo. Abaphandi bazama ukunciphisa oku ngokusebenzisa inani elikhulu labachaphazelekayo. Ukungaphumeleli kwamaxabiso, kwiphando, kunokuchaphazelekayo ngamanani abantu, amazinga emfundo, inkcubeko kunye neendlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziselwa ukufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa indlela yokukhusela.
Oko kuthethwa, lo ngumbuzo omuhle kwaye umqondo odla ukungaqondi kakuhle. Ngoko, kuthetha ukuthini xa ufunda iikondom zibe ne-2-15% yezinga lokungaphumeleli? Ewe, enye indlela yokuqonda oku kukuba iikhondom zi-85-98% esebenzayo. Isilinganiso sokusebenza sichasene nesantya sokungaphumeleli ... usususa ngokukhawuleza izinga lokungaphumeleli ukusuka kwi-100, kwaye elo nani lizinga lokuphumelela lokulawula ukuzalwa.
Izinga lokungaphumeleli zibalwa ngokulandelelaniswa kwindlela nganye yokulawula ukuzalwa ngokusekelwe kwinani lokukhulelwa olukhutshwayo ngokusebenzisa olo hlobo lokukhulelwa, okanye umahluko phakathi kwenani lokukhulelwa elindeleke ukuba lenzeke ukuba akukho ndlela isetyenziswayo kunye nenani elindelekileyo ukuba lenzeke ngaloo ndlela . Indlela efanelekileyo yokutolika ukuphumelela kolawulo lokuzalwa / izinga lokungaphumeleli lulandelayo:
Ukusebenzisa iikhondomu njengomzekelo - Iikomso ziyimpumelelo engama-85-98% (oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba lokungaphumeleli lika-2-15%).
Oku kuthetha ukuba: kuwo onke amabhinqa ama-100 abasebenzisana nabo basebenzisa iikhondom, aba-2 ukuya ku-15 baya kukhulelwa kunyaka wokuqala wokusetyenziswa. Ngoko ngokusisiseko, izinga lokungaphumeleli alubhekiseli kumaxesha amaninzi olala ngesondo, luhambelana nenani labantu (100) abasebenzisa le ndlela kwithuba lonyaka omnye.
Isizathu sokuba ungabona uluhlu kumanqanaba kufana nokusebenzisa "okuqhelekileyo" ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni "ngokugqibeleleyo" :
- Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokungaphumeleli kokusetyenziswa kubonisa ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo usebenzisa ukukhulelwa. Ezi ntlawulo ziyasebenza kubantu abaye bakhulelwa ngelixa bengasoloko basebenzisa ukukhulelwa kwabo ngokuchanekileyo kunye / okanye ngokufanayo. Enyanisweni, abaninzi abantu bakuthola kunzima ukuhlala kunye nokuthembeka kokusetyenziswa kokukhulelwa ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuhluleka kokusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kubonisa ukukhulelwa okwenzeka nabantu ngabanye nangona behlala besebenzisa ukukhulelwa kwabo ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
Izinga lokungaphumeleli lomsebenzisi ziba ziphakamileyo kuneendlela ezisetyenziswayo ngokugqibeleleyo kuba, ngokucacileyo, ukukhulelwa komzimba akusetyenziswanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko, xa izinga lokungaphumeleli linikezwa ngoluhlu, inani elingaphantsi limele lisebenzise ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye inani eliphakamileyo lusetyenziso oluqhelekileyo. Izindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa ezifuna okungakumbi ukuba umntu enze (oko kukuthi, khumbula ukuyisebenzisa, kufakwa okanye ubeke ngendlela ethile, kusetyenziswe ngexesha elithile, njl. mpazamo . Ngamanye amaxesha, awuyi kubona uluhlu lwezinga lokungaphumeleli; oku kuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kufana nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
Oku kufana nokuba yimeko yokukhulelwa kweso sifakwe okanye yenziwe ngugqirha. Xa oko kwenzeka, akukho nto kumntu okwenzayo, ngoko oku kuphelisa iimpazamo zomsebenzisi eziqhelekileyo. Imizekelo yeendlela zokukhusela ezichanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zokungaphumeleli kokusetyenziswa:
Into yokugcina ukugcina engqondweni xa kufikelele ekuhlaleni ukulawulwa kokulawulwa kokuzalwa kukuba ihlala ibhekisela kwinani okanye ngabafazi (ngaphandle kwe-100) abasebenzisa indlela yolawulo lokuzalwa oza kukhulelwa ngunyaka wokuqala wokusetyenziswa . Ngokwenza oko, kubonakala ukuba izinga lokungaphumeleli lihlala liphakamileyo kunyaka wokuqala ukuba usebenzise esinye isisu sokukhusela. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba iziphumo zokungaphumeleli zingancipha emva kokusebenzisa indlela yonyaka owodwa. Ezi ziquka:
- Amava amaninzi osebenzisa indlela yokulawula ukuzalwa, ngcono ukusebenza kwawo. Ukuba sele usebenzisa i-method, in theory, uqeqesho oluthe xaxa kunye nolwazi olungcono usebenzise ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kufuneka kuncede ukunciphisa amaphutha abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo.
- Abasebenzisi abancinci abancinci bangakhulelwa baze bayeke ukusebenzisa imithwalo yokukhulelwa (ukushiya abo basasebenzisa indlela ethile emva komnyaka ukuba babe ngabasebenzisi abakhulu kunye nabanikelekileyo).
- Inqanaba lomfazi lokuzala liyancipha kunye nobudala, ngoko unyaka ngamnye odlulayo, akakwazi ukukhulelwa.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela:
Ukungaphumeleli kwimivuzo kusekelwe kwinani labantu abasebenzisa indlela yokulawulwa kwexesha lokuzalwa ngexesha lonyaka. Inani lexesha olala ngesondo ngaloo nyaka alinakufikelela kule mivuzo. Nangona kunjalo, ubude obunokwesondo buya kuba yinkqubo yakho yokukhetha indlela yolawulo lokuzalwa. Ngokwenene, ukuba uyazi ukuba uya kuba nesondo esiningi, kunokukhetha ukukhetha ukusebenzisa indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana ithuba lokungakhulelwa. Kufuneka uqwalasele indlela ukukhulelwa okungalindelekanga kubangelwa ngayo. Ezi zezi ezinye zeengqwalasela ukuba ziqwalaselwe xa zithelekiswa nezinga lokungaphumeleli kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela. Kufuneka uhlale ukhumbule nokuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba izinga lokuphumelela lokuphumelela / ukungaphumeleli, ezinye izinto (ngaphezu kwephutha lomsebenzisi okanye ukusetyenziswa okungahambelaniyo) kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kweendlela ezithile zokulawula ukuzalwa. Ezi zinokuthi zihluke kwi- motivation yakho ukuya kumlinganiselo wakho kwiyeza ezithile ezithile ozisebenzisayo.
Xa uqhathanisa iindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa, qiniseka ukuba uqaphele ukuba inani leposi libhekiselele kwizinga lokungaphumeleli okanye amaxabiso okusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba unokuthenjwa njani ukuba ukhulelwe ukuba ukhulelwe. Ukuqonda indlela yokutolika amazinga okungaphumeleli, ukwazi izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukuphumelela kokukhulelwa komzimba, ukuvavanya indlela yokuphila kunye nesenzo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kwaye ukugqiba inqanaba lokusebenza elivakalayo kuwe kunokunceda kakhulu nasiphi na isigqibo sokulawula ukuzalwa.
Umthombo:
U-Trussell J, u-Hatcher RA, iCates W, uStewart FH, uKost K. Isikhokelo sokutolika izifundo zokusebenza ngokukhusela. Gstecol Obstet . 1990; 76: 558-67. Kufumaneka ngokubhalisa kwangasese.