Akunabo bonke ubuhlungu besikhumba abanomdlavuza, kwaye abayi kuba nomhlaza ngexesha elizayo. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nesikhumba sakho, le galari yezithombe zingakunceda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezilonda zomhlaza, ezingekho komhlaza kunye nezilonda ezingaphambi komhlaza.
Ewe, ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesikhumba akukude ngqo, ngoko ke ukuba unakho ukungathandabuzeki, qha ga mshelana nodokotela wakho okanye unogqirha wezononophelo ngokukhawuleza.
I-Actinic Keratosis Kwisondo
I-Actinic keratosis, ebizwa ngokuba yi-solar keratosis, isifo sekhanda esikhuselekileyo esivame ukubangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Inokubangelwa nezinye izinto ezinjenge-rayation okanye i-arsenic exposure.
Ukuba ishiywe ingaphathiswa, i-actinic keratoses ingahlakulela ibe ngumhlaza womhlaza osasazayo kwaye unokuthi unokuphazamisa umdlavuza wesikhumba obizwa ngokuba yi-squamous cell carcinoma. Zibukeka kakhulu kwiindawo ezibonakaliswe ngelanga zesikhumba ezifana nobuso, intamo, ukubuyisela kwezandla kunye neziphambili, isifuba esiphezulu kunye nomqolo ongentla. Unokuphinda uhlakulele i-keratoses ecaleni kwendlebe yakho.
I-Actinic Keratosis Kwisondo
I-Actinic keratosis ibangelwa ngumonakalo wesikhumba oqokelelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet, kubandakanywa nokufumaneka kwelanga. Kule minyaka, izinto eziphathekayo kwiizisele zakho zingabonakaliswa ngokungafanelekanga kwaye zivelise izilonda ezingaphambi komhlaza. Izilonda, ezinjengezo zibonwe apha ngengalo, ziza kuba ngumdlavuza we-squamous cell carcinoma, umhlaza ongenayo.
I-Actinic Keratosis Kwi-Scalp
Iindawo ezinobungozi obuphezulu belanga ezifana ne-scalp (kwi-bald individuals), ubude, ubuso kunye nomva entanyeni ziindawo eziqhelekileyo ze-actinic keratoses.
I-Actinic Keratosis KwiNtloko
Ezi zilonda ezinobungozi ngaphambili (iindawo ezimdaka esithombeni) zii-actinic keratoses. Ziyi-scaly kunye neziqhwala kwaye zinokuphuma igazi. Apha, aboniswa kwindlebe, okuqhelekileyo, indawo ebonakalayo yesikhumba.
I-Actinic Keratosis kufuphi-Up
I-actinic keratoses yingozi kwaye iyomile, nto leyo eyenza kulula ukuba bazive kunokuba babone. Ekuqaleni bahlala beplani kunye ne-scaly ebusweni kwaye bakhuliswa kancane. Emva kwexesha, ziba nzima kwaye zifana ne-wart-like or gritty, rough, kunye ne-sandpaper. Basenokuhlakulela uphondo-olufana nokuthungwa ukusuka kwinqanaba le-keratta yecala ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyperkeratosis.
Spitz Nevus
Abantwana banokuhlakulela i-lesion benign ebizwa ngokuba yi-Spitz nevus. Olu hlobo lwe-mole lihlala liqinile, liphakanyisiwe, liluhlaza okomnyama okanye olubomvu. Ingaba iphosa okanye i-scaly kwaye idla ngokubonakala ebusweni, ngakumbi iidama. Akunakonakalisa kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuhlula kwi-melanoma, kwaneengcali.
Nevi Atypical
Nangona ininzi i-moles iyingozi, iintlobo ezithile ze-moles zithwala ingozi enkulu kwi- melanoma . Phantse iipesenti ezingama-30 zoluntu zinama-moles abizwa ngokuthi i-dysplastic nevi, ephezulu kunama-moles aqhelekileyo-amaninzi angama-5 mm ngapha nangaphezulu, anemizila engavumelekanga, kwaye imibala eyahlukeneyo okanye imibala.
Ukuba unayo i-dysplastic nevi kunye nembali yentsapho ye-melanoma, i-syndrome eyaziwa njenge-FAMM, unomngcipheko omkhulu wokuvelisa i-melanoma usemncinci, ungaphantsi kwama-40. Ngokufanayo, i-nevi ebuncinci (kuboniswe kwisithombeni) yingozi enkulu iimeko ze-melanoma. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umdlavuza uvame ukubonakala ngexesha eli-10.
Psoriasis
I-Psoriasis yimeko yesikhumba esisodwa esingenza umngcipheko wakho wokuphuhlisa i- squamous cell carcinoma . Iingxabano zezifundo nokuba ingaba nantoni na kwi-melanoma. Kukho ubungqina bokuba unyango lwexesha elide le-psoriasis usebenzisa i-UVVA radiation (PUVA) lunokwandisa umngcipheko we-melanoma.
I-Psoriasis ibonakala elukhumbeni njengebomvu, i-scaly patches yolusu. Ezi zihlunu zidla kakhulu kwaye zome.
Keratoacanthoma
I-Keratoacanthomas yi-subtype ephantsi- squamous cell carcinoma . Uninzi luvela esikhwameni esikhatywe ilanga, ngokuqhelekileyo kwisandla okanye ubuso.
Ngokuqhelekileyo banemibala yesikhumba okanye babomvu xa beqala ukukhula kwaye banokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2 cm ngobukhulu. Uninzi luya kuphucula ngaphaya komnyaka o-1, kodwa phantse luhlala lubala emva kokuphilisa.
Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ngamayeza, kucetyiswa. Kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga ukucocwa, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo okanye indawo, i-keratoacanthomas inokuphathwa nge- 5-fluorouracil , uhlobo lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umdlavuza, mhlawumbi njengekrimu okanye ngejoza.