Ukuqina komzimba, okanye i-hypertonia, kwenzeka xa kukho i-tone ye-muscle eninzi kwaye iingalo okanye imilenze ibe nzima kwaye kunzima ukuhamba. I-tone ye-muscle imiselwe ngamagqabantshintshi ahamba esuka ebuchosheni ukuya kwiimbilini ezivumela izihlunu ukuba ziyazi xa zifuna ukuthenga.
Xa imimandla engqondweni okanye emthonjeni womnxeba onoxanduva lokulawula le miqondiso ibonakaliswe, ukuqina komzimba kuya kwenzeka.
I-Hypertonia iyakwenzeka ngezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya ukubetha, i-tumor, i-brain injury, isifo se-Parkinson, i-multiple sclerosis, i-neurodevelopmental engafanelekanga (njenge- cerebral palsy ) okanye i-toxins echaphazela ingqondo.
Indlela Ukuguguzwa Kwama-Muscle kuthinteka ngayo izigulane zesisu
Ukunyaniseka kwemizimba kudla ukukhawulela ukuhamba kwamalungu, okwenza kube nzima ukuba izitho zihambe ngokuqhelekileyo.
Inokuchaphazela amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba. Ukuba ichaphazela imilenze, umvuzo womntu uba nzima kwaye ubangele iingxaki zokugcina umlinganiselo wokulinganisela, okubangelwa ukuwa.
Iimeko ezinzima zingenza amajoyina abekwe endaweni, okanye "iqhwa," eyaziwa nangokuthi idibeneyo.
I-Hypertonia ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-spasticity, nangona kunjalo, ukunyanyiswa kolunye uhlobo luhlobo oluthile lwe-hypertonia apho i-spasms ye-muscle yonyuka ngokunyakaza. Izigulane ezinokuxhamla zivame ukugqithisa iimpendulo ze-reflex.
Ngobunzima, olunye uhlobo lwe-hypertonia, izihlunu zinomgangatho ofanayo wokuqina, ezizimeleyo kwinqanaba lokuhamba.
Ubunzima buba khona kwizifo ezibandakanya isithili se-basal gang brain, njenge-Parkinson isifo.
Ukuzivocavoca
Nangona ukunyaniseka kwesisu kuya kwenza nzima ukunyakaza, ukuzivocavoca kunokunceda abantu abane-hypertonia ukuba bagcine intshukumo eninzi kunokwenzeka kwaye baphucule umgangatho wobomi.
Unyango olulungiselelayo kunye nokunyango oluthile olujoliswe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyakaza kunye nokusebenza okulula okunokwenza kunokunceda ukuphucula i-hypertonia.
Ulwaphulo lomsebenzi lunokukunceda izigulana ziphinde zenze imisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke kunye nomgangatho wobomi.
Mayeza
Amachiza omlomo, iileno ezigxininisiweyo, kunye neyeza zonyango ziyakunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ze hypertonia kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokungasebenzi.
Izidakamizwa zokuphucula izidakamizwa ezinjenge diazepam, dantrolene, kunye ne-baclofen zinokumiselwa njengemithi yomlomo, nangona i-baclofen inokuthi ilawulwe njengomjovo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid ngokusebenzisa ipompo.
I-toxin ye-Botulin, okanye i-Botox, isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-hypertonia kwimimandla ethile ngoba iziphumo zayo zilapha kwaye azichaphazeli umzimba wonke.
Ukukhuthazwa koMbane ngokuBungqina
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ukuvuselelwa kwamagesi e-neuromuscular (NMES) sele isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izigulane eziphazamisayo. Unyango lubandakanya ukusebenzisa isixhobo esisebenzisa i-electrodes ukuhambisa umbane wesikhumba kwiqela elikhethiweyo. I-NMES, ifowuni yonyango eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, ibangela izihlunu ukuba zenze isivumelwano njengendlela yokuzivocavoca okanye unyango lomzimba.
Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwama-29 lwezifundo ezingama-29 lufumene unyango lwe-NMES lwanciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamanani kunye nokwanda kweendleko ezinxulumene neqela lokulawula. Ababhali bokufunda baphetha ukuba unyango kufuneka lufakwe kunye nezinye iindlela zokunceda izigulane ezinobunzima be-muscle.
Imithombo:
I-NINDS Hypertonia Page. Isizwe seSizwe seNational Disorders and Stroke iwebhusayithi.
Stein C, Fritsch CG, uRobinson C, uSbruzzi G, uPlentz RD. Iimiphumo zoThuthulo lweMandla kwiMisipha ye-Spastic Emva kwesisu: UkuHlola okuHlolo kunye neMeta-Uhlalutyo lwezilingo ezilawulwa ngokungaqhelekanga. Stroke . 2015 Aug; 46 (8): 2197-205. i-doi: 10.1161 / STROKEAHA.115.009633. Epub 2015 Julayi 14. Ukuhlaziywa.