Umdlavuza webele we-Metaplastic (i-metaplastic carcinoma yesifuba) uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesibele. Kungaba nzima ukunyanga kwaye ingancinci iyaziwa ngezizathu okanye ukuxela kwangaphambili.
Umhlaza wesibeletho se-Metaplastic yindlela yokuvuza yomhlaza ongenawo umonakalo , oku kuthetha ukuba uyenze kwi-milk ducts uze uqhubele kwezinye iisculi zesifuba.
Ezi khansela zihluke kwezinye iindidi zomhlaza wesifuba apho ezi zicubu zihlala ziqulethe ezinye iintlobo zeethambo ezingaqhelekanga kwibele. Ngokomzekelo, ezi zicubu zinokufaka iiseli ezinqabileyo (isikhumba) okanye iiseli ezingenayo (iiseli zethambo.)
Metaplastic vs. Metastatic
Ixesha elithi metaplastic livakala kakhulu njenge-metastatic, kodwa ezo zibini zichaza kakhulu. I-Metaplastic ivela kwibinzana yesiGrike "ishintshile ngesimo," 'kutheni isetyenziselwa ukuchaza iiseli ezibonakala ngathi zatshintshile zibe zenye inxalenye yomzimba. I- Metastatic ivela kwibinzana yesiGrike "ishintshiwe endaweni," 'uchaza umdlavuza oye wasasazeka kwiindawo zawo zokuqala ukuya kwezinye iindawo.
Umdlavuza webele we-Metaplastic unokudideka kwixesha elithi metaplasia, njengoko ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ukuchaza iziphumo ezingavamile kwi-biopsy. Xa igama elithi metaplasia lisetyenziswe kwingxelo yezilwanyana ezichaza iiseli ezingavamile kolunye uhlobo lweethambo, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukuchaza iiseli ezingavamile kodwa zingekho umdlavuza.
Iimpawu
Abanye abasetyhini abanomdlavuza webele we-metaplastic abanazo iimpawu kuzo zonke kwaye bachongwa ngokujonga rhoqo. Kwabanye, iimpawu zifana nezinye iindidi zomhlaza webele. Ezi ziquka:
- I-Lumps okanye i-thickening kwibele eyayingekho ngaphambili
- Ukunyamezela, ukukhutshwa okanye utshintsho ngokubonakala kwimbalo
- Utshintsho ekubonakaleni kwesikhumba sesifuba: ubomvu, ukukhahlela, ukuchithwa okanye ukutshisa
- Ukutshitshiswa kwebele, kubandakanya ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, kunye nokugqithisa
- Intlungu engabonakaliyo kwibele, ngokukodwa nangayiphi na impawu engentla
Ukuxilongwa
Iimvavanyo zokuxilonga umdlavuza webele zifana naluphi uhlobo lomhlaza okhoyo. Ukuphonononga iimvavanyo ezingasetyenziswa ziquka:
- Diagnostic mammography . Oku kufana nesimo sakho sokuhlola i-mammogram, ngaphandle kokuba ukuxilongwa komhlaza (kunokuba nje uhlolisise umhlaza) kufuna imifanekiso eninzi ifakwe kwaye ihlolwe.
- Ultrasound . Le ndlela isebenzisa amaza omsindo aphezulu avelise imifanekiso yesisu. Le mifanekiso inceda oogqirha ukuba banqume ukuba i-bund in-breast is a cyst-filled filled tumor.
- Umfanekiso we-magnontic resonance (MRI) . Le nto isebenzisa imimandla emagqabini ukuvelisa imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba.
- Ukucwaninga kwe-tomography (CT okanye CAT) . Oku kudala imifanekiso "enqabileyo" ngamanqwanqwa angaphakathi ngaphakathi komzimba, aze adibanise umfanekiso wesicatshulwa ocacileyo ongabonisa ukuba khona kwezicubu.
- Ukukhangela kwe-Positron-emission tomography (PET) . Emva kokujova kwee-molecule zomshukela omshukela, i-PET yokutshekisha iyathathwa ukuze ibone ukuba yeyiphi imimandla yomzimba ebambe isantya ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokuba amangqamuzana omhlaza atyhukela ushukela, "akhanyise" kwi-PET yokutshekisha.
- PET-CT. Oku kudibanisa iteknoloji ye-PET kunye ne-CT, ukuvumela oogqirha ukuba baqaphele ukuba yeyiphi iiseli ezinomdlavuza kwaye zichane ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ziphi emzimbeni.
Kwi-mammography, umdlavuza webele we-metaplastic unokubonakala ufana kakhulu kunye ne-carticoma ye-ductal kunye nezihlwele ezinobungozi ezingenza ukuba ukuxilongwa kubenzima kunzima.
Breast Biopsy
Naliphina iimvavanyo zengcamango ezingasentla zinokuba luncedo ekufundeni okungakumbi malunga nesisu, kodwa i-biopsy isifuba iyadingeka ukuchonga uhlobo olufanelekileyo lomhlaza wesifuba nokufunda malunga neempawu zesisu, njenge-tumor grade (ukutshatyalaliswa kwesisu) kunye nesimo sokwamkela.
Ukuxilonga ngokucacileyo umdlavuza webele we-metaplastic, iisifuba zesifuba kufuneka zibe ne- biopsied , oku kuthetha ukuba iisuncu ezincinci zisuswe kwibele (ukuhlinzwa okanye ngenaliti ekhethekileyo) kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. I-biopsy yayiza kulandela uhlobo oluthile lokucinga ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho isisu somhlaza (ngokuchasene nesifo esinomdla, okanye i -cyst egcwele amanzi ).
Iimpawu
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho zikhondlo ezimbini zebele zomzimba ziyafana, kunye nezicubu ezifunyaniswa ngokuba ngumhlaza webele we-metaplastic. Naliphi na le mpawu ayikwazi ukuba yinyani ngomhlaza wakho othile. Iimathumbu ze-Metaplastic ziba neentloni kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kananjalo banamathele ekuchaseni kokubili i-chemotherapy kunye neyonyango ye-hormonal.
Unyango
Ngenxa yokungaqhelekanga, iindlela zokunonyango ezingcono kakhulu aziwayo, kodwa kubonakala ukuba utyando lokususa i-tumor kunye neyeza zonyango ziyinzuzo enkulu. I-frequency ephantsi yolu hlobo lwesifo sikhombisa ukuba inkqubo yokuzama-kunye-yeyona ntshukumo kwintetho ibonakala ngokucacileyo. Sekunjalo, njengawo wonke umhlaza, unyango lukhokelwa kuqala ngu:
- Ubungakanani kunye nendawo yesikhumba
- Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke (oku kuquka ukusabalala kwengingqi kwimilophu yamanzi kunye nokusabalalisa okude kwiindawo ezifana namathambo, isibindi, imiphunga kunye nengqondo)
- Impilo yomntu jikelele
- Ubudala bokuxilongwa
Ngemibuzo engqondweni, isinyathelo sokuqala sivame ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isisu esibonakalayo. Ukususela apho, ezi zilandelayo ziphumo ezivela kwi-biopsy zinokukunceda ukufumana isenzo esithile:
- Ukuvavanya ukufumana i-hormone. Iimvavanyo zokujonga i-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone receptor positivity zichonga ukuba iiseli zomhlaza ziya kuphendula kakuhle kwi-hormone therapy, efana ne- tamoxifen , okanye i-aromatase inhibitors njengonyango oluxhasayo. I-Tamoxifen isebenza ngokuvimbela i-estrogen receptors kumaseli angamaqanda kunye nesifo somhlaza, njengoko i-estrogen ibophelela kula ma-receptors ukuze kubangele ukukhula kwe-tumoror-positive tumors. I-Aromatase inhibitors isebenza ngokuthintela ukuguqulwa kwamahomoni angamadoda (androgens) kwi-estrogen, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa ukukhula kwezinto ezinomdlavuza.
- Ukuvavanya iprotheni ye-HER-2. Iprotheni yeHER2 yenziwe ngaphezu kweyesine-4 yazo zonke i-cancer. Ukuba le protein itholakala kwi-tumor ye-biopsied, ke unyango kunye no- Herceptin (trastuzumab) lunokukhetha . I-FDA-yamkelwe ngo-1998, i-Herceptin ibophelela kwiprojekthi ye-HER-2 kumaseli omhlaza, ukuze izinto zokukhula emzimbeni zingakwazi ukubopha kwaye zenze ukuba i-tumor ikhule. Ukususela ku-Herceptin yavunywa, kukho iyeza ezongezelelweyo ezifumanekayo kunye ne-HER2 ezixubileyo.
Izindlela zokunonyango ezingcono kakhulu (ngaphezu kwendlela yokwelapha ye-hormonal okanye ekujoliswe kuyo ukuba i-tumor is receptor okanye i-HER2 positive iquka:
- Ukuhlinzwa: I-lumpectomy okanye i- mastectomy yonyango oluchanekileyo. Ekubeni i-metaplastic zebele zomhlaza ziba zikhulu kunezinye iintlobo zesifo somhlaza wesifuba ekuxilongweni, i-mastectomy ingadingeka kunokuba i-lumpectomy.
- I-Chemotherapy: Uninzi lwama-khansa aphezulu kumgangatho wesifo somhlaza wesifuba ekuxilongweni kwaye ngoko-khemotherapy idlalwa njalo. Oko kwathiwa, i-chemotherapy ayibonakali iyasebenza kwimhlaza yesifo se-metaplastic.
- Uphulo lwe-radiation: Enye yezifundo ezinkulu ukuya kutsho, uvavanyo lwango-2017 olujongene nonyango lwangonyango lufumene ukuba unyango lwe-radijuji oluyimfuneko lubalulekile ekuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwendawo yengingqi kunye nommandla wesifo somhlaza we-metaplastic.
Ukujamelana
Ukuba nomzimba ongenqabileyo wesibeleko sombele kunokushiya uzive udelelekile kwaye udidekile. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokunceda ukukhupha iingxaki zakho:
- Fumana iqela lokuxhasa . Isibhedlele sakho okanye isikhungo sonyango lomhlaza singamkela amaqela axhasayo kwizigulane zomhlaza zesifuba, okanye, ubuncinane, unokukwazi ukukuthumela kwelinye. Nangona ukuba nguwe kuphela kwiqela kunye nalolu xwebhu oluxilongayo, unokuthi udibane nabasetyhini abahamba kunye nonyango kwaye banemibuzo efanayo.
- Fumana kwi-intanethi. Ukudibanisa nabanye abanomdlavuza webele we-metaplastic, unokudibanisa uluntu lwentlalo apho izigulane zixelela amava abo. I-American Cancer Society ineluhlu olukhulu lwamacandelo enkxaso ye-intanethi ukuze uqalise.
- Cinga ngovavanyo lwekliniki. Ugqirha wakho angayazi ngezilingo zonyango ezijolise ekufundeni ngakumbi malunga nemeko yakho. Ukubhalisela ezi zilingo kungenendlela efanelekileyo yokukunceda uzive unxulumene nenkqubo kwaye unesandla ekufumaneni ukhetho olutsha lwezonyango. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga neengxaki kunye nokuxhamla kwezilingo zeekliniki kunye nendlela yokufumana enye, qhagamshelana ne-website yeeNkcazo zeZiko leNzululwazi yezeMpilo.
> Imithombo:
> Levrer, C., Berriochoa, C., Agrawal, S. et al. Izinto eziPhambili kwiZiphumo kwiMetaplastic Breast Cancer. Uphando lwe-Cancer noPhando . 2017 Julayi 8. (Epub phambi kokuprinta).
> McKinnon, E., noP. Xiao. I-Metaplastic Carcinoma ye Breast. I-Archives of Pathology kunye neLab Medicine . 2015. 139 (6): 819-22.
> Tzanninis, I., Kotteas, E., Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I., Kontogianni, P., noG. Fotopoulos. Ulawulo kunye neziphumo kwi-Metaplastic Breast Cancer. Cancer Clinic . 2016. 16 (6): 437-443.