Ukuba ubulimaze intanyeni yakho okanye ubuyela emsebenzini, mhlawumbi ufumana ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwemisipha. Ingxaki ye-musculoskelet, ebizwa ngokuba yi-MSD ngcaciso emfutshane, ichazwa njengengxaki eyenzeka emsebenzini - nangona kuthatha ixesha lokuphuhlisa-elichaphazela iimbilini zakho, izihlunu kunye / okanye i-tendon.
I-MSD yinye inxaxheba enkulu ekulahlekelweni kwexesha lomsebenzi.
Ngokutsho kwe-OSHA, okuyi-Arhente yoKhuseleko neMpilo ye-US federal federal, ngaphezu kweyesithathu kwisithuba sokulimala emsebenzini okwenzeka ngo-2015 kwakuyi-MSD.
Ukulimala kwe-musculoskelet okuqhubekayo emsebenzini kungabiza umqeshi ukuya kuma-30,000.
Ngo-2015, i-median yeentsuku ezili-8 yalahlekelwa ngumqeshwa ngamnye kuzo zonke iintlobo zokulimala okungabhubhi, ezibandakanya, kodwa zingaphelelanga, ii-MSD. Oko kwathiwa, inani leentsuku eziya emsebenzini ngenxa yengozi lihluka ngokubanzi ngokwemveliso.
Iintlobo Zomsebenzi Ezihlobene Namahlumela AseMasculoskeletal
I-CDC, elinye iqumrhu lezemfundo elichaphazelekayo ngempilo karhulumente, ithi iindawo zengqesho zixanduva lokunyusa ingozi ye-MSD, kunye nokunyuka kweemeko ezikhoyo. Imizekelo yokulimala engadluliselwa yi-ergonomics engalunganga iquka, kodwa ayinakuphela, iquka iintlobo ze-muscle, i-ligament sprains, i-carpal tunnel syndrome, kunye nokunye.
Ngezantsi luhlu olubanzi.
- Imisipha yomhlane
- Izigulane
- Amagxobhoza
- I-disinal dis degeneration
- Intlungu e buyela emuva
- I-neck tension syndrome
- Sciatica
- I-disniated disc
I-Factory Risk Factor Exposures
I-Bureau of Labor Statistics (i-BLS) iya kuhamba phambili ngokuhlula i-MSD njengempendulo yomzimba kwaye kungekhona isiphumo sokuwa, ukuwa okanye ukuhamba.
Kuthetha ntoni oku? Ngaba awekho ukuwa?
Akunjalo. Kule meko, ukusabela komzimba kuhamba umzimba wakho wenza kwinkqubo yokuzalisekisa inkcazo yomsebenzi wakho. I-BLS ibonisa ukuguqa, ukunyuka, ukukhwela, ukufikelela kunye nokuphazamisa njengempendulo yomzimba.
Ngokuhambisana nokuphendula komzimba, i-BLS ithi ukunyaniseka kunye nokunyuswa kwesinyanzeliso kunokunyusa ingozi yakho ye-MSD. Yikholwa okanye akunjalo, ukunyaniseka nokuphindaphinda ukunyakaza kungenza inxaxheba yomsebenzi wokuhlala. Cinga oko kwenzekayo xa uthayipha kwikompyutha yonke imihla: iminwe yakho iyahamba rhoqo, ngelixa iimbumba ezilawula izibilini zakho zisebenza nzima ukuxhasa olo dlelane.
Xa oko kwenzeka, kuthiwa, ngokwemigqaliselo ye-ergonomic, ukuba "utyhileke" kumngcipheko weengxaki zomsebenzi ezinxulumene nemishuloskeletal. Kuyafana ukuba umsebenzi wakho ufuna ukuba uphakamise izinto ezinzima, ukugoba, ukufikelela, ukunyusa okanye ukudonsa imithwalo enzima kunye nezinto ezifana.
Iziboniso zibizwa ngokuba "ziingozi."
Enye into eyenzekayo yengozi ye-MSD yinkcazo yokungathathi-hlangothi okanye ukungaxhatshali umzimba. Ukuba umlindo wakho ubeke umgama kwicala elinye, umzekelo, oku kuthetha ukuba intamo yakho ihlala kwindawo ephosakeleyo yonke imini. Kubantu abaninzi, ukunyamezela okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kukukhokelela intlungu, nayo.
Kwaye umsebenzi omzimba onzima, ukutshaya, isalathisi somzimba ophezulu - oko kukuthi, ukugqithisa - ukuba neprogram yezempilo kunye / okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwemisebenzi kunokunyusa ingozi.
Uluhlu "olusemthethweni" lokuchasana nomngcipheko wokulimala emsebenzini, njenge-OSHA, lulandelayo:
- Amandla amaninzi, ahlobene nokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima, ukudonsa nokunyusa kunye nokuphendula okufana nomzimba. Amandla amaninzi angasetyenziselwa amajoyina angathathi nto, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla kumzekelo wokuthayipha.
- Ukuphindaphinda, kwimeko ethile kwiintlobo ezithile zomsebenzi wefektri, kwaye kwakhona, ukuthayipha.
- Ukumisa okungaqhelekanga, okungahle kwenzeke ngenxa yesiphumo sokusebenza esilungileyo.
- Cold.
- Vibration. (Cinga umsebenzisi we-jackhammer.)
- Ukudibene naluphi na oku ngasentla.
Yintoni okufanele uyenze ukuba ufumane i-MSD emsebenzini?
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ii-MSD ezinxulumene nomsebenzi zinokuthintelwa, ngokwe-OSHA. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo ye-ergonomics-ephathelele ukubeka umsebenzi kumsebenzi, kunokuba ngumsebenzi emsebenzini - unokukwazi ukuphepha okanye ukunciphisa ukukhathala kwemisipha, okanye ukunciphisa kokubili inamba kunye nobukhulu be-MSD ehlobene nomsebenzi.
Ama-MSD anxulumene nomsebenzi afuna unyango lwezempilo unyango olungaphezulu kweenkonzo zokuqala, umsebenzi wesigxina somsebenzi, okanye obangela iimpawu ezidlulileyo ngeveki okanye ngaphezulu, zibizwa ngokuba yiziganeko ze-MSD. Ukuba unesiganeko se-MSD, kufuneka uyixelele kumqeshi wakho. Abaqeshi bafunwa ngumthetho ukuba bathathe ingqalelo ingxelo yakho, bangafuni ukuhlawulwa ngenxa yokuba uthetha, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ukubonelela ngonyango olufanelekileyo.
Imithombo:
> da Costa, B., Vierira, E. Am J Ind Med. Matshi 2010. Izinto ezijongene nobungozi bokuphazamiseka kwemisipha yomzimba: Ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezifundo zentsuku zamuva. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19753591
Inkqubo yeErgonomics. Imigaqo ephakanyisiweyo. IRejista Yenqila # 64: 65768-66078 Umgangatho # 1910. Novemba 23 1999.
> Ukuchonga iingxaki. Imiba yezoKhuseleko kunye neMpilo. Iwebhusayithi ye-OSHA. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/identifyprobs.html
> IiNdaba UkuKhutshwa kweeNdawo zokuNyuka kweMisebenzi kunye nokuPhathwa kweeNtsholongwane eziFuna iintsuku eziMsebenzi, ngo-2015. I-Bureau of Labor Statistics. Isebe Lemisebenzi Yase-US. Novemba 2016.
> Ukuthintela iingxaki zeMisclekeletal kwindawo yokuSebenza. Ergonomics. OSHA.gov iwebhusayithi. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/
> Ukuxhatshazwa kweMisculoskeal Disorders & Ergonomics. Ukukhuthazwa kwezeMpilo kwindawo. Kwiwebhusayithi yeCDC. https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-strategies/musculoskeletal-disorders/