Uyazi indlela inja yakho inokuphazamiseka kwemihlaba yonke imihla xa kukho imbonakalo yokutshisa umlilo, ixubha kwaye igubungela phantsi phantsi kombhede, ingenakukwazi ukukhutshiswa? Ewe, ngokutsho kweengcali ezithile, inja yakho inokuba yinto ethile.
Ingxaki Ngomlilo
Ehlabathini lonke kunye neenkulungwane eziliqela, ukugqabhuka okukhulu, okuqhaqhabalazayo, okwebala, okonwabileyo eyenziwa yimisebenzi yokuqhumisa umlilo kuye kwaba yinto ethandekayo yazo zonke iintlobo zemibhiyozo kawonkewonke.
(Kuyinyani ukuba ama-fireworks aseTshayina ayenziwe kangangeeminyaka engama-2000 edlulileyo, kodwa ngexesha awayeqeshisa ngayo injongo ezininzi zokusebenzisa, njengokungcolisa iinjongo kunye namadada.)
Ngoko kuya kumangaliswa ukuba ufunde ukuba iingcali zobungakanani bomoya, kunye neengcali ezininzi zepmonta, ziye zajonga ukubonakala komlilo ngexabiso elithile. Imililo yomlilo, ngoku siyazi, inokuvelisa iziqwenga zokungcola komoya, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezinomsindo. Okubi kakhulu, ukungcoliseka komoya kubandakanywa nemililo kungabangela iingxaki zezokwelapha kubantu abanezimo eziphambili ze-lung kunye neentliziyo.
Imisebenzi yoMlilo kunye nomgangatho womoya
Abaphandi abaninzi bezendalo baphonononga umgangatho womoya emva kwezixhobo zomlilo, kwiindawo ezininzi emhlabeni wonke. Zonke ezi zifundo zibonise ukuba izixhobo zomlilo zivelisa ubuninzi bezinto ezingcolisa umoya ukuba akukho namnye wethu ofuna ukuphefumula.
Imipu yomlilo iyimigobolondo eqingqiweyo yeekhemikhali ezinokutsha ezicwangciswe ngokucophelela ukuze zivelise iimpawu zengqungquthela ezibonakalayo kunye nezibonwayo xa zitshitshiswa.
Umpu omnyama (umxube we-charcoal, sulfur, kunye ne-potassium nitrate) isetyenziselwa ukuqhubela igobolondo ephezulu emoyeni, kwaye emva koko (ngokusetyenziswa kwefestile ehleliweyo) ukutshabalalisa ukuqhuma. Ukuqhuma kuqhubela "iinkwenkwezi" (izinto ezincinci, ezisebusweni ezitshisa ngokukhawuleza xa zishushu) kuzo zonke izikhokelo. Ziyinkwenkwezi ezidala iintlanzi eziqhaqhaqhazelayo ezithandayo kakhulu.
Ienkwenkwezi ngokwayo zinokuthi ziqulethe iibloksi zazo ezincinci, ezidala ukuqhuma kwamanqanaba amaninzi.
Uninzi lweekhemikhali lisetyenziselwa ukudala yonke loo mibala esiyibona xa kuqhuma umlilo. Ngokomzekelo, izakhi ze-sodium zenza i-yellows; iibhamum iimveliso zenza imifino; Iibumba zethusi zenza i-blues; kunye ne-strontium kunye ne-lithium compounds zenza i-reds. Ezinye iikhemikhali ziqeshwe ukudala imiphumo eyahlukeneyo, njenge-lead, i-arsenic, i-manganese, i-aluminium, i-cadmium kunye nentsimbi.
Ubuninzi beemichiza eziqhutyelwa emoyeni xa iziqhumane zomlilo zigqityiweyo aziqhelwanga ngokupheleleyo ngumlilo. Oku kwacaca kunoma ubani oye wabona yonke intsimi, kwaye wamva umoya we-acrid, kwindawo ekuboniswe ngayo umlilo. Kuye kwavela ukuba izixhobo zomlilo zenza inani elimangalisayo lokungcola komoya.
Ukongeza kwiiindidi eziqhelekileyo zokungcola kwegesi ezibangelwa ngama-hydrocarbons ashushu (njenge-carbon dioxide, i-sulfur dioxide kunye ne-carbon monoxide), ukuqhuma komlilo kukhulula ezinye iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo emoyeni. Uninzi lwezi zinto zenzeka ngolu hlobo lwemibandela ye-particulate air , enobungakanani obukhulu bokungena ngaphakathi emiphakeni yethu njengoko siphefumula. Umcimbi we-particulate air-generated by fireworks uqulethe ii-chemicals ezihlukahlukeneyo eziqeshwe ekwakhiweni komlilo.
Izifundo ezininzi zobunjani bomhlaba kwiindawo ezikufutshane nemiboniso yomlilo zonke zibonise ukuba kukho ukwanda kwangoko kunye nokwenene okukhulu malunga nolu hlobo lwenkunkuma yomoya. Ubungakanani bezinga eliphezulu lomgangatho womoya emva kokubakho komlilo, kwaye indawo yomhlaba ichaphazelekayo, iyahlukahluka kakhulu, kwaye ihambelana nomhlaba wezolimo, kwaye (ngokukodwa) kwiimpawu zemozulu, ezifana nokunyuka kwemoya, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, kunye nezulu. Kodwa ngokubanzi, umgangatho womoya uchaphazeleka ubuncinane emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokubakho komlilo.
Ziziphi iingxaki zezokwelapha eziye zahlanganisana nemiboniso yomlilo?
Kuyaziwa ukuba umbandela we-particulate particulate, of size uveliswa yimisebenzi yomlilo, unokubangela iingxaki zamapulmoni kubantu abanesifo se-lung lungaphambili.
Kulabo abanesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) , amanqanaba aphakamileyo okhungelwano lwama-particulate air-shaped particulate matter ahlanganiswe ngokugqithisileyo nokunyuka kwe- dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane), ukuphazamiseka kwezifundo zomsebenzi we-pulmonary , kunye nokunyuka kwamazinga okubhedlele nokufa. Nazi izinto ezingcoliseko lomoya kunye neCOPD. Nangona ukugqithisa okufanayo kweengxaki zezobugqirha akuhambelananga ngqo kunye nezibonakaliso zomlilo, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iimveliso zomoya zomlilo ziyakwazi ukuvelisa iintlobo ezifanayo zeengxaki.
Kubantu abane- asthma , ukungcola komoya okubangelwa yimisebenzi yokuqhumisa umlilo kubonakaliswe ngokucacileyo ukuvelisa iimpawu. Ngokukodwa, ukuhlaselwa kwesifo se-astmma kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa okufutshane kwimbonakalo yomlilo. Ubuncinane ukufa okuye kubangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma enkulu, ekhokelela ekubanjweni kwentliziyo , kwintombazana eyayibhalwa ngumsi omanzi ovela kumlilo.
Nangona iinjongo zeentliziyo kunye nezinye iingxaki zentliziyo ezingathanga zibonakaliswe ngenxa yokungcola komoya okuhambisana nomlilo, naziphi na izizathu zokunciphisa izinga le-oksijeni yegazi zingaba yingozi kumntu onesifo senhliziyo. Abantu abane- angina elawulwa kakubi, okanye abanokuphelelwa yintliziyo , bangabakho ingozi.
Indlela Yokugwema Imiba Ejongene Nezonyango
Akungabazeki ukuba iintlobo ezingqalileyo zongcoliseko eziveliswa ngumlilo zibonakala ziphathelele. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zezobugqirha zibonakaliswe ukuba zibangelwa ngcoliseko lomoya ezivela emisebenzini yomlilo zifana kakhulu neengxaki zonyango ezibangelwa naluphi na ukungcola komoya.
Umehluko omkhulu kukuba, ngokungafani nokungcola komoya, ukungcola okuveliswa yimisebenzi yokuqhumisa komlilo kuyakude-kwaye kulunge, kodwa kuludwe. Ubume bexesha elidlulileyo lo mbonakalo longcoliseko lwengqondo oluphambili luhlala lusinika ithuba lokuphepha iingxaki ngokupheleleyo.
Ukusebenzisa ingqiqo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba ungumntu onesifo se-asthma okanye i-COPD oyifumanayo eluncedo ukulandela iNkcazo ye-Air Quality (AQI) ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukunyuka kweempawu zakho, ngoko unomntu ofuna ukuphepha ukusondela kwimiboniso yomlilo. Ukuba ufumanisa esondelene ngexesha lokubonisa umlilo, kufuneka uhambe kude njengoko unako ukukwenza, ngokukhethekileyo kwindlela ephakamileyo. Ukuba unako ukungena ngaphakathi, yenza njalo (ngokukhethekileyo kwimo engummoya-moya). Ukuba uhlala kufuphi, zama ukuhlala ngaphakathi kude kube ngentsasa elandelayo.
Ukuba ungumntu one-asthma ongenakukwazi ukuzigcina esicaleni kwimibala emihle yomlilo, kufuneka uqwalasele ukusebenzisa i-mask ye-filter (i-NIOSH evunyiweyo ye-N95), ukugcina umbandela wenkcazo ngaphandle kwe-airways yakho, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ukuhlangula inhaler nawe.
Ukuba ungumntu onempilweni enempilo, ingozi yakho yempilo ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yomlilo ibonakala ingephi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asinakwazi ukuba yintoni imiphumo yesikhathi eside (ukuba ikhona) yokuphefumla uluhlu lwezinto ezinetyhefu kunye nezinye izinto eziveliswa ngumlilo eziveliswa ngumlilo. Oku akunakwenzeka ukuba kube kuhle kuwe. Ngoko kubonakala kunengqiqo ukujonga imirhumo yomlilo ukusuka kude, ukunciphisa ubume bakho. Okona kuncinci, ukubona amehlo kunye ne-acrid iphunga kuthetha ukuba umile kakhulu kunabo-kwaye kufuneka ucinge ngokufudukela kwindawo eyahlukileyo.
ILizwi
Imililo yomlilo ibonisa ukuzalisa umoya ngenani elikhulu lokungcola, kwaye ukungcola kubandakanya izinto ezintle kakhulu. Sekunjalo, kule ngxaki iingxaki zezokwelapha eziboniswe ukuba zibangelwa kukungcoliseka kolu ngco liseko kubonakala kuncinci kubantu abanemeko ye-cardiopulmonary esele ikhona, ngakumbi i-asthma. Ukuba unenye yeemeko kufuneka uzame ukugwema ukuba kufuphi, kwaye mhlawumbi ungene ngaphakathi, xa kuqhutywe umlilo. Wonke umntu kufuneka azame ukunandipha imiboniso yomlilo ukusuka kumgama olinganiselayo.
> Imithombo:
> Camilleri R, Vella AJ. Impembelelo yoMlilo kwi-Quality Quality Air eMalta. Atmos Environ. 2010; 44: 4521-7.
> Intsapho Iyabangela I-WWE Emva komlilo Umsila wabulala unina wamabini Ngaphambi kwaBantwana Bakhe njengoko bebukele isiphetho sika-Undertaker. Mail Daily. Julayi 4, 2013.
> I-Gouder C, i-Monefort S. Impembelelo yempembelelo yoMlilo kwiMpilo yokuphefumula. Lung India. 2014 ngoNovemba-Dec; 31 (4): 375-379.
> Joly A, uSmargiassi A, uKosatsky T, et al. Ubume beCandelo lokuBonakalisa ngokuPhezulu ngexesha loPhulo lomlilo. Atmos Environ. 2010; 44: 4325-9.
> Tsai H, Chien L, Yuan C, Lin Y, Jen Y, Ie I. Iimpembelelo zoMlilo kwiMpawu zeChimikhali ze-Atmopheric Fine and Coarse Particles Ngethuba lomkhosi weTangwan. Atmos Environ. 2012: 62: 256-64.