I-Mononucleosis (mono) ibangelwa yi- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) , nangona izifo ezinjenge-mono ziveliswa ezinye iigciwane kunye nezidalwa. I-Mono isasazeka kakhulu ngomnxeba, kungenxa yoko kuthiwa ibizwa ngokuthi "isifo sokubanga." Omnye onomono omningi unokuthathwa njengentsholongwane kwiinyanga eziliqela. Ngabantu abadala, abaninzi abantu banentsholongwane ye-EBV kodwa banokuba neempawu ezintle kune-mononucleosis.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Usulelo lwe-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) okanye, ngokuqhelekileyo, i- cytomegalovirus (CMV) , ibangela i-mononucleosis. Ukongeza, ezinye iintsholongwane kunye ne-parasite I- Toxoplasma gondii ibangela izifo ezinempawu ezifanayo ezinokuthi zifunyanwe njenge-mononucleosis.
Indlela i-Mono Spreads ngayo
I-EBV isasazeka nge-saliva. Ukuqhagamshelana kunye nemisebenzi efana nokwabelana ngekomityi, utshani, okanye ukutya ukutya kunokusasaza i-EBV. Iyakwazi ukusasazeka ngamanye amaninzi emzimbeni kuquka i-mucus, igazi, isisu kunye namanzi asemzimbeni. Ukusasazeka ngokuqhelekileyo kumntu ochitha intsholongwane kodwa engenayo impawu.
Iimpawu zivame ukuvelisa iiveki ezine ukuya ezintandathu emva kokuba unesifo sengculaza, okwenza kube nzima ukufumanisa indlela ofumene ngayo intsholongwane.
Amagqabantshintshi kunye nobudala
Phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abantwana banentsholongwane ye-EBV ngaphambi kweminyaka emihlanu, kaninzi bengenayo impawu okanye isifo esifanelekileyo. Phantse ama-95 ekhulwini labantu abadala eUnited States bahlaselwe yi-EBV.
Ukusuleleka kubantwana kubangela ukuba izifo kunye nokugula kubaselula kunye nabantu abadala. Ukuba ungumntwana osemtsha osuleleka kwintsholongwane ngaphandle kokuba ube nomncinci, unokuhlakulela isigulo se-mononucleosis malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zexesha.
Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-1 ubudala azifane zifumane i-mono kuba zifumana i-antibodies ezivela kumama wazo ezikhusela kwiinyanga eziliqela zobomi.
Umama onentsholongwane esebenzayo okanye esebenzayo e-EBV angadlulisela intsholongwane yakhe kwintsana, kodwa oku kaninzi akuvelanga iimpawu okanye ukugula kwintsana.
Ixesha elichaphazelekayo kunye nokuphindaphinda
Abaphandi abaqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba ixesha elide umntu onommono oqaqambileyo uya kuhlala engenelela. Ngelixa abaninzi banokukunika uphawu "olucacileyo" emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba kunokusuleleka ukusuleleka kwiinyanga ezili-18. Oku kungenxa yokuba isifo se-EBV sinokuthi sisebenze nangona ungenayo impawu.
Xa ususulelekile nge-EBV, wenza ama-antibodies okuya kukuthintela ukuba ungowesibini. Oko kwathiwa, luhlobo lwe-herpesvirus kwaye, njengabanye kuloo ntsapho, aluyi kushiya umzimba wakho. Emva kokuba isifo sokuqala sesisombulule ngokupheleleyo, intsholongwane iya ku-dormancy kwaye iya kuhlala ihlala kwimeko engeyiyo.
Ukuba iimpendulo zakho zokuzikhusela komzimba ziyakhathazeka kwixesha elizayo, nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane ivuselele kwaye ifuthe kwabanye. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unokuziva uzilekile okanye unamaqabunga avuvukileyo, kodwa mhlawumbi ungazi ukuba uyasasazeka. Ngamanye amaxesha, akuyi kuba nempawu. Ukuba intsholongwane ichitheka ngokukhawuleza ematheni nakwezinye izifo zomzimba, unako ukuhambisa i-EBV kwabanye.
Izinto zokuPhila kweengozi
Abantu abadala abasenakwenzeka ukuba bangazi ukuba bafumanekile okanye bangenayo i-EBV njengomntwana. Unokuba usufile ngomzimba okanye unokuba usengozini yokuwubamba. Akukho sikhohlo kunye nezikrini zokuchasana ezingenziwanga.
Kunzima ukukhusela i-mono ukusasazeka, kodwa unokuthatha uncedo olufanelekileyo ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unemono (okanye uyabuya kuyo). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba isisombululo sezimpawu ze-mono asithethi ukuba umntu ungabandakanyekanga. Kungenxa yoko, kufuneka uthabathe uthabatha, kuquka:
- Ukuphepha ukukha
- Ukuphepha izixhobo ezabelwana ngazo
- Ukuphepha iziphuzo ezabelwanayo okanye iziselo zokusela
- Ukumboza nayiphi na ingqungquthela okanye i-sneezes
- Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo
Omnye onomono akacebisi ukuba ahlale ekhaya esikolweni okanye emsebenzini ngenxa yokusuleleka. Kunoko, ixesha liyanconywa ngenxa yeempawu abazifumanayo.
Nangona isondo somlomo singabonwa njengendlela ephezulu yokudluliselwa kwe-mono, uphando lubonisa ukuba amazinga aphezulu e-mono abonakala kwiintsholongwane zesini. Ngaloo ndlela, umsebenzi wesondo ungadinga ukuba uphephe ngexesha leenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zentsholongwane njengoluleko olongezelelweyo. Izithintelo zokukhusela ezinjengamakhondom kunye namadama angamazinyo anokunceda ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwe-EBV, kwaye kunceda ekukhuseleni izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo kunye nokukhulelwa.
> Imithombo:
> Eligio P, Delia R, Valeria G. EBV IiNtsholongwane zoGawulayo. I-Mediterranean Journal ye-Hematology kunye nezifo ezithintekayo . 2010; 2 (1): e2010022. i-doi: 10.4084 / MJHID.2010.022.
> Epstein-Barr Virus ne-Infonous Mononucleosis. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-mono.html.
> Thompson AE. I-Mononucleosis. JAMA. 2015; 313 (11): 1180. i-doi: 10.1001 / jama.2015.159