Ukungajongani nxamnye nokujonga i-Pros and Cons Cons of Cannabis Usetyenziso ngokumalunga ne-HIV
Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zesifo se-HIV, i- marijuana (isnabis) isetyenziselwe ukuphatha ezininzi iingxaki zesifo, ezivela kwiimpawu ze- HIV ukutshabalalisa i-syndrome kwimiphumo emibi echaphazelekayo nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral .
Nangona izizukulwana ezitsha zonyango ziye zanciphisa kakhulu iziganeko kunye nobunzima beemeko ezininzi, i-marijuana isasaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengendlela yokunciphisa intlungu, isisonguluko, ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokudandatheka okungahambi nesulelo.
Kukho neengcebiso zokuthi i-marijuana inokukwazi ukufumana iingeniso zangexesha elide ngokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza-okanye nokuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.
Ngoko zithini iinkcukacha? Ngaba zikhona na izifundo zokuxhasa ezi zibango, okanye ukusebenzisa i-marijuana ekunakekeleni i-HIV yonke i-buzz kwaye akukho nzuzo?
Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kweMarijuana yeHIV
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ukuya kuma-1990, i-HIV yayiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufa nokugula e-United States. Isizukulwana sokuqala se-HIV sasingenakwenzeka nje ukuba siphumelele kwangaphambili , zazivame ukuba neziphumo ezinobungozi ezinzulu kunye namaxesha amanye.
Ngaphezu koko, abantu abaphila nesi sifo basengozini enkulu yezifo esingazibonanga rhoqo kule mihla, kubandakanywa ne- Kaposi's sarcoma (uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesikhumba), ukugula ngengqondo kaGawulayo , kunye ne-HIV ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Kwakukho, ngokwenene, le meko yokugqibela eyakhuthaza inkxaso ekusetyenzisweni kwegunju yonyango. Oogqirha, abangelo xesha babe neendlela ezimbalwa zokwenza unyango, banqwenela ukuba izityalo zogonyamelo lwe-marijuana-ezinokubangela ukuba bazuze abo bafumana ubunzima obunzima, obungakhange buchazwe ngenxa yeso simo esingaqondakaliyo.
Ekubeni imithetho ngelo xesha ibenqabela ukusetyenziswa kwentshonalanga kwizicwangciso zonyango, oogqirha baqala ukumisela i-Schedule 1 yezidakamizwa i- Marinol (dronabinol) , equle uhlobo lwe-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), isithako esisebenzayo se-cannabis.
Ngoxa i-Marinol iphumelele ekunciphiseni ezininzi iimpawu zokutshatyalaliswa kweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO, abaninzi banqwenela "ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko" okwenzelwe ukukhwabanisa i-cigarette.
Uphando olwaluxhasa i-Marijuana ekujongeni ukunyuka kwe-HIV
Nangona inkxaso yokugonywa kwegciwane kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo yomelele, uphando oluninzi oluxhasayo lusekuncinci. Oku kubangelwe ukuba, ngokubanzi, ukuba imithetho yokulawula i-marijuana iyanqanda uphando olunzulu lwezenzululwazi.
Ngokwahlukileyo, uphando oluxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweMarinol luye lwasekwa kakuhle. Bobabini uphando lwexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide liye lagqiba ukuba uMarinol unokwandisa ukondla kunye nokuzinzisa abantu abanokutshabalalisa okuphezulu, ngelixa kubonisa inzuzo ephakathi kwepesenti esisisigxina.
Ngokwahlukileyo, kukho idatha encinane ebonisa ukuphumelela kokubhema i-mariju ekuphumezeni iziphumo ezifanayo. Uninzi uphando, eqinisweni, lubonakala lubonisa ukuba iMarinol iphumelele ngakumbi ekuzuzeni ukuzuza ubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, abantu banqwenela ukukhetha ukubhema i-marijuana ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezibonakalayo, ukususela ngokukhawuleza ukuphumelela kwiipropati zayo zokuxininisa.
Ngaphezu koko, iziyobisi ezinjengeMegace (i-megestrol acetate) ziyaziwa ukuba zisebenze ngakumbi ekuvuseleleni inzuzo kunokuba i-Marinol (nangona ukufumana isisindo kubangelwa ukunyuka kwamafutha emzimbeni kunokuba ubunzima bomzimba bunzima). Kwimizi emithathu yezidakamizwa, akukho nanye ibonakala ngathi ayinayo impembelelo ekuguquleni i- cachexia , i-atrophy ye-muscular ehambelana nokutshabalalisa okukhulu.
Namhlanje, ezininzi iinkqubo zokwelapha zibandakanya ukudibanisa izidlo zesondlo kunye neziyobisi ze-anabolic (njenge testosterone kunye ne-hormone yokukhula kwabantu) ukuphatha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Kule nto, i-marijuana inokunika inzuzo ngaphandle kokufumana ubunzima kunye nesondlo sokutya. Ngokunyusa ingqondo yomntu jikelele, kukho ubungqina bokuba inambuzane yezokwelapha inokuphucula kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa kwe-HIV unyango .
Enyanisweni, uphando olupapashwe kwi- Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes lugqiba ukuba abantu abaneempawu ezinzima zesisu babenama-3.3 amaxesha amaninzi okuba bahambelane neziyobisi zabo ze-HIV xa bexhaswa nge-marijuana.
I-Marijuana ekwehliseni i-HIV-Associated Nerve Pain
Ukongeza kwipropati yayo evuselela iipropati, i-marijuana isetyenziswe rhoqo ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu bentlungu ebizwa ngokuba yi- peripheral neuropathy , isiphumo esisecaleni esincinci ngokuxhomekeke kwizidakamizwa ze-HIV zangaphambili.
I-peripheral neuropathy iyenzeka xa i-outer sheath igubungela iiseliti zeentsimbi ezikhutshiwe. Xa oko kwenzeka, ukuphela kwezibilini zesibindi kungabangela ukuba "iingcango kunye neenaliti" ezingenakunqwenelekayo ezinokuthi ziqhubele phambili kwiimeko ezinzima. Kwezinye iimeko, i-neuropathy inkulu kakhulu ekuhambeni ukuhamba okanye nokuba ubunzima besibhedlele kwiinyawo zomntu akunakwenzeka ukuthwala.
Inani lamacandelo ophando liye lafunda imiphumo ye-marijuana ekunakekeleni le nto ihlala ikhubazeka. Olunye uphando olunjalo, oluqhutyelwe kwiKlinikhi yoPhando lweeNkcazo zeSouth Clinic eSan Francisco General Hospital, lilinganise imiphumo yokutshaya inyosi kubantu abane-peripheral neuropathy ngokubhekiselele kwi-placebo ye-marijuana placebo esetyenziswe kwiqela lesibini.
Ngokomphando, ukutshaya i-mariju kunciphisa intlungu imihla ngemihla ngamaphesenti angama-34, inani eliphindwe kabini kwiqela le-placebo. Ukongezelela, ama-52 ekhulwini abo babetha umjoju babenokunciphisa iipesenti ezingaphezu kwama-30 kwintlungu, xa kuthelekiswa nama-24 ekhulwini kwinqanaba le-placebo.
Umphenyi wagqiba ekubeni ukusetyenziswa komjoju kubomvu kufana neentetho zomlomo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV-related neuropathy.
Ngaba i-Marijuana ingayimisa i-HIV yezifo?
Nangona kukho uphando olunzulu ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwegciwane ekunakekeleni iimeko ezinxulumene ne-HIV, kukho iziphakamiso eziphezulu kunokuba isichengisiso sinokuphuculwa kwesifo .
Uphando oluqhutyelwe e-Louisiana State University lubonisa ukuba i-THC imihla ngemihla ihambelana namazinga aphantsi emisebenzi yentsholongwane kunye nemilinganiselo engcono yokusinda kwiinkwenkwe ezine-HIV (uhlobo lwe-HIV). Ukongezelela, iinkawu zafumana i-spike ephawulekayo kwi- CD4 + T-seli , kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esincinane xa kuthelekiswa nabalingani be-THC.
Ngokutsho kwolu cwaningo, xa kuhlanjululwe ngaphezu kweenyanga ezili-17, i-THC yabonakala ukunciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu zomzimba zomzimba, indawo ephezulu yokusuleleka ngu-HIV. Ngokwenza njalo (kwaye ngokucacileyo kwinqanaba lomzimba), ukunyuka kwesifo kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu kwaye impendulo yempiliso yomzimba yayilondolozwe.
Nangona kungabonakali ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-THC ifuthe njani utshintsho, kukholelwa ukuba ukukhuthazwa kwe-CR2 (i-receptor ye-cannabinoid edibene neempendulo ezithembekileyo zonyango) ingayivimba ngokungavumelekanga enye yezona zibini ezibalulekileyo zokufumana usulelo lwe-HIV.
Ukuba kuyinyaniso, le nto ingayifaka indlela eya kwindlela yokwelapha apho i-CR2 ingakhuthazwa ukukhuthaza umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba kwaye uyiciphise isifo ngokwayo. Oko akuchazwanga kukuba inambuzane, nokuba iyabhema okanye ifakwe kwimo yomlomo, inokufumana nayiphi na inzuzo ekuphatheni i-HIV ngokwayo.
Iimiphumo ezimbi zeMarjuana Ukusetyenziswa
Umxholo we-marijuana yonyango uhlala unengxabano kunye nezopolitiko. Ngoxa, ngakwesinye icala, kukho inamba ekhulayo yezibonakaliso ezincedo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezonyango, kukho imiphumo emihle ekhompyutheni engakwazi ukuphazamisa ezo ntlawulo.
Njengeziyobisi, i-THC isebenza kwiiyunithi ezithile zokufumana iingqondo ezidlala indima ekuphuculweni kwengqondo kunye nomsebenzi. Xa zisetyenziselwa ukuzizonwabisa, i-THC ihamba phambili kulezi zisele, inika "phezulu" abasebenzisi abayifunayo. Kwishumi elivisayo, eli nqanaba lokuvuselela ngokugqithiseleyo lunokuchaphazela ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kwengqondo kwixesha elide, ukubonakalisa ngeememori ezimbi kunye nokunciphisa izakhono zokufunda. (Okufanayo akubonakali kuyinyaniso kubantu abadala abavutha rhoqo.)
Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa komscibisi obunzima kudibene nenani lemiphumo emzimbeni nengqondo, kuquka:
- Iingxaki zokuphefumula, ezifana nezo zibonwa kubashushu befiya
- Ukongeza kwenani lentliziyo, ingxaki kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo
- Iingxaki zokuphuhlisa i-fetal ngexesha lokukhulelwa
- Ukuphuculwa kweempawu ezinxulumene nokugula kwengqondo, kubandakanya i-schizophrenia
- Ukuxiliswa kunye nokuphuculwa kwexesha lokuphendula, phantse kabini umngcipheko wokufa kweloli elibulalayo
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuzala komntu ngenxa yobuncinane besibalo sembewu
Nangona igalelo elibi lezinga eliphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-isnabis yokuzonwabisa kuyabonakala iphantsi, banokuthi bangabalulekanga kubantu abathintekayo. Ezi ziphumo zixhomekeka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimizi kwaye ziyahlukahluka kumntu kumntu.
Ngokuchasene neenkolelo eziqhelekileyo, i-marijuana ingaba ngumlutha. Unyango lwalolu xhathozo lugcinwe ngokukodwa kwizonyango zokuziphatha. Akukho mayeza athoyo okwangoku ukuphatha umlutha we-cannabis.
Imithetho yeMicrojuana yezoNyango nguRhulumente
Indawo engumthetho ejikeleze i-marijuana yonyango iguquka ngokukhawuleza. Namhlanje, ngaphezu kwesigamu se-US ngoku ivumela ukuba i-marijuana yonyango ebanzi, kunye neenkqubo ze-cannabis.
Nangona urhulumente waseburhulumenteni usahlula i-marijuana njengeyicandelo leShedyuli (oko kukuthi unokukwazi ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ezixhomekeke kuzo kwaye akukho nonyango olwamkelweyo), ukunyanzelisa ukusemthethweni kuye kwanda, kunye namanye amazwe avumela ukuthengiswa kweentengiso kubantu abadala. Imithetho kule mimandla iyahluka kodwa ngokubanzi ikhusela kwizenzo zobugebengu ukuba i-marijuana isetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango. Ukulima kwasekhaya kwezinye iindawo kuvunyelwe.
Ngomnyaka we-2016, ii-United States ezisibhozo (i-Alaska, eCalifornia, iColorado, iMaine, eMassachusetts, i-Nevada, i-Oregon, eWashington) ziye zasemthethweni i-marijuana ngokusetyenziswa kwezobisi kunye nokuzonwabisa.
Nangona kukho utshintsho lwezomthetho, njengeShedyuli I, i-marijuana ihlala ingekho mthethweni ngokungekho mthethweni kwi-Federal perspective. Ngaloo ndlela, i- marijuana yonyango ayikwazi ukufunyaniswa yinshuwalense yezempilo kwaye ingayinqunywe ngokusemthethweni ngudokotela, obeka ingozi kwizenzo zomthetho kwimeko apho i-marijuana yonyango isemthethweni.
> Imithombo:
> Badowski, M. kunye noPerez, S. "Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango ze-dronabinol ekuphatheni ukulahlekelwa ubunzima obuchaphazelekayo ne-HIV kunye ne-AIDS." I- HIV AIDS. NgoFebruwari 10, 2016; 8: 37-45.
> Haney, M. "Iimpembelelo zokubhema i-marijuana kwimpilo kunye ne-HIV + nabashushu be-marijuana." I- Journal ye-Clinical Pharmacology. Novemba 2002; 42 (I-Supplement 11): 34S-40S.
> De Jong, B; Prentiss, D .; McFarland, W. okqhubekayo. I-Marijuana Usetyenziso kunye noMbutho Walo Ukuxhomekeka Kwicandelo le-Antiretroviral Treatment Among People-Infected People With Moderate to Aauseous Seausea. "I- Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. NgoJanuwari 1, 2005; 38 (1): 43-46.
> Abrams, D .; Jay, C; Umthunzi, S. okqhubekayo. "I-cannabis kwi-HIV-inxulumene ne-neuropathy ye-sensory: I-trial ye-placebo elawulwa yi-placebo." I- neurology . NgoFebruwari 13; 2007; 68 (7): 515-521.
> Molina, P .; Amedee, A .; LeCapitaine, N .; okqhubekayo. "Ukumodareyitha kweendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-Gut-Specific ezidlulileyo Δ 9 - iTetrahydrocannabinol Ulawulo kwi-Male Rhesus Macaques echaphazelekayo nge-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: I-Analysis Biology Analysis." Uphando lwe-AIDS kunye nama-Retroviruses. Juni 2014; 30 (6): 567-578.