I-Musculoskeletal iyigama eliqhelekileyo, njengoko igama layo libonisa, lihambelana nemisipha kunye namasipha omzimba. Ngokukodwa, inkqubo ye-musculoskelet iquka amathambo, izihlunu, amaqabane, i-cartilage, i-ligaments, i-tendon kunye ne-bursae. Inkqubo ye-musculoskelet inikezela ukuzinza kwaye ivumela nokunyakaza komzimba.
I-Anatomy yeNkqubo yeMisculoskeletal
Amathambo - Kukho amathambo angama-206 kumzimba womntu omdala.
Isakhiwo sethambo sinomyinge onzima owenziwe ngamaphrotheni (ngokuyininzi i-collagen) kunye ne-hydroxyapatite (i-calcium kunye namanye amaminerali). Inxalenye yangaphakathi yethambo, ebizwa ngokuthi ithambo le-trabecular, lincinci kunothambo olukhuni lwe-cortical bone, kodwa kusekho imfuneko yokugcina amandla amathambo. Nangona isakhiwo salo lonke ithambo lifana, amathambo enza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni:
- Amathambo anika inkxaso yenkxaso yomzimba (oko kukuthi, isakhelo se-squelet for attachment of organs and tissues) kunye nokukhusela izitho ezithile (umz., Intambo yomlambo ikhusela intliziyo).
- Amathambo agcina ubuninzi be-calcium emzimbeni.
- Amathambo anesigxina esingaphakathi esinomnatha wethambo apho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe kunye nezinye izixhobo zegazi ziveliswa.
Amathambo asebenza kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi iyakulungiswa. Ukubuyiswa kwethambo yinkqubo eqhubekayo apho ithambo elidala lithatyathwa yithambo elitsha. Wonke amathambo ahlaziywa ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elingaphaya kwe-10 leminyaka.
Unyaka ngamnye, i-20% yesithambo somzimba ithatha indawo.
Imisipha - Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezihlunu eziyingxenye yesistim ye-musculoskeletal - i-skeletal ne-smooth. Uhlobo lwesithathu lwesisipha, isifo senhliziyo, asiyiyo inxalenye yesistim ye-musculoskeletal. Izihlunu ze-squelettes ziyimpahla yeefayili ezivumelwano. Isenzo sokwenza isigxina se-muscle yilokho ehambayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
Izihlunu zesifuba zinamathele emathanjeni kwaye zibekwe kumaqela aphikisayo azungeze amalunga (umz., Izihlunu ezigoba i-elbow zimekeke ezihlanjeni ezichaseneyo eziqondisa i-elbow). Izihlunu ze-squelet zilawulwa yingqondo kwaye zisebenza ngokuzithandela phantsi kwesiqhelo somntu. Izisipha ezinomdla zidlala indima kwimisebenzi ethile yomzimba engekho phantsi kolawulo lomntu. Isihlunu esicacileyo sisekujikelezweni kweminye yeerriji, ukuthenga isivumelwano sokulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Isisu esisisigxina sijikeleze emathunjini, sivumelwano sokuhambisa ukutya kunye nemifuno kwiphecana. Nangona i-muscle ehamba phambili ilawulwa yintliziyo, ayiyikuzithandela. Ukubandakanyeka kwe-muscle ephathekayo kusekelwe kwiimfuno zomzimba - ukungazi kakuhle.
Amalungu - Amalungu apho iziphelo zamathambo amabini okanye ngaphezulu zihlangene. Nangona kukho amajoyina angahambiyo (umzekelo, phakathi kwamacwecwe ekhanda), amaninzi amaninzi anakho ukuququzelela ukuhamba. Kukho ezimbini iintlobo zamajoyina eziququzelela ukuhamba: i-cartilaginous kunye ne-synovial. Amalungu amaSynovial ahlobo oluqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi. Amalungu angama-synovial angena kwiintlobo ezininzi: ibhola-kunye ne-socket, i-condyloid, i-gliding, i-hinge, i-pivot, kunye namajoyino e-saddle.
Iziphelo zamathambo kulolu hlobo lwentsebenziswano zihlanganiswe ne-cartilage. Amalungu afakwe kwi-capsule edibeneyo ene-lining ( synovium ). Iiseli ze synovium zivelisa i-synovial fluid ezondla i-cartilage kwaye inceda ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa ngexesha lokuhamba.
I-Cartilage - Iziphelo zethambo ezenza umdibaniso zihlanganiswe ne- cartilage . I-cartilage eqhelekileyo ipholile, ilukhuni kwaye ikhusela iiphelo zethambo. I-cartilage iqukethe i-collagen, amanzi kunye nama-proteoglycans. I-cartilage isebenza njengento yokuphazamiseka kwaye iyanciphisa ukuxubana nokuhamba kwendibano.
IiLigaments - Iigamente zinzima, iintambo ezinobumba okanye iindidi zezicubu ezidibanisa amathambo kwisithambo.
IiLigamente zakhiwa i-collagen kunye ne-fibers elastic. Iifayili ze-elastic zivumela ukuba i-ligaments ikwazi ukunyuka. Izigulunge zijikeleze kwaye zixhase amajoyina, ukuvumela ukuhamba kwindlela ecacileyo.
Iitendon - Iintendon zizintlu ezinzima, ezinamafiber of tissue ezidibanisa i-muscle ne-bone. Iitendon zenziwe ngokukodwa nge-collagen. Iitendon zivame ukufunyanwa ngaphakathi kwesigxina (okt, i-tendon sheath) evumela i-tendon ukuba ihambe ingabikho. I-tendon sheath ineziqendu ezimbini: i-synovial sheath kunye ne-tendon sheath sheath.
I-Bursae - i-Bursae yincinci, iigasti ezizaliswe ngamanzi asebenzayo njengendawo yokuhamba kunye ne-low-friction surface griding surface phakathi kwamalungu omzimba oshukumisayo njengamathambo, izihlunu, i-tendon kunye nekhumba. I-Bursae ifumaneka kuwo wonke umzimba. I-Bursae ihluke ngobukhulu kuxhomekeke kwindawo yabo emzimbeni. Kukho ama-bursae angama-160 atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba.
Izifo zeMisculoskeletal
Izifo ze-musculoskelet ziquka i- arthritis , bursitis , kunye ne- tendinitis , phakathi kwabanye. Iimpawu zeprayimali zesifo se-musculoskelet ziquka intlungu, ukuqina, ukuvuvukala, ulwahlulo oluthile lokunyakaza, ubuthathaka, ukukhathala, nokusebenza komzimba. I- rheumatologist ingcali kwi-arthritis nezifo ze-rheumatic. Oogqirha bama-orthopedic baphatha izimo ze-musculoske.
Imithombo:
Merck Manuals. Amathambo. I-Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/bones
Merck Manuals. Imisipha. I-Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/muscles
Merck Manuals. IiLigaments. I-Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/ligaments
I-Kelley's Bookbook yeRheumatology. I-ninth edition. Elsevier.