I-aortic aneurysm iyinkunzi ye- aorta , umthambo omkhulu ohamba ukusuka entliziyweni ukubonelela umzimba wonke. Indawo eqhelekileyo ye-aortic aneurysm yisisu. I-aortic aneurysms ingakwazi ukuphuka, ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi kunye nokufa. Ukuba ufumana unyango olukhawulezileyo, ukulungiswa kokuxakeka kwimeko engxamisekileyo kunokulondoloza ubomi bakho. I-aortic aneurysm efunyaniswa phambi kokuphuka ingalungiswa ngokugqithiseleyo, kunye nesigqibo esilungileyo.
Iimpawu
I-aortic aneurysm inokuvelisa iimpawu zokuba i-wax ize iphele ngaphambi kokuba iphule. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa i-aortic aneurysm iba sikhulu, impawu ziqala okokuqala okanye zibuhlungu. Iimpawu zibonakalisa ukuba ukuphuka kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke. Iimpawu ze-aortic aneurysm ephukile zibuhlungu, kwaye inkqubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, ngaphezu kwexesha lemizuzu. Ininzi yexesha, i-aortic aneurysm iya kuphuka ngaphandle kweempawu zangaphambili.
I-aorta isitya esikhulu segazi esivela entliziyweni ukuhamba negazi okwenziwe nge-oxygen emzimbeni. Ininzi yamatriyiti encinci isebenza kwi-aorta. Imimandla emibini apho i-aortic eneurysm inakho ukuphuhliswa kwinqanaba lesisu esiswini se-aorta, esasemva kwesisu, kunye nesigaba se-thoracic se-aorta, esasemva kwembambo.
Iimpawu ze-Aortic Aneurysm
Icandelo lesisu esiswini se-aorta ngummandla oqhelekileyo we-aortic aneurysm, kwaye olu hlobo lwe-aneurysm, ne-aortic aneurysm, isoloko libizwa ngokuba yi-AAA.
Iimpawu zingabonakali, okanye kungabikho mpawu kuzo zonke ngaphambi kokuphuka.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu phakathi kwinqanaba elingaphantsi
- Iintlungu zesisu kunye nokuphazamiseka
- Ukuvuthwa kwesisu kwisisu
Iimpawu zeTrarac Aortic Aneurysm
I-aortic aneurysm ye-thorac isigaba se-aorta esandula ukuphuma entliziyweni, kwaye isesifubeni.
Njengoko ku-AAA, iimpawu zingabonakali okanye kungabikho iimpawu ngaphambi kokuphuka.
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Umqolo obuhlungu
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
Iimpawu zeRuptured Aortic Aneurysm
Xa i-aortic aneurysm ephuka, iimpawu zingaphumelela ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-aortic aneurysm rupture ayifani ngokufanayo kunye ne-aneurysm engaphazamisekiyo, nangona intlungu kwindawo ye-aneurysm isenzeka.
- Ukuqhayisa, utywala kunye nombono ophazamisayo
- Ubuthathaka obukhulu
- Isifuba esifubeni, isisu esiswini okanye intlungu
- Ukulahleka kwengqondo
Iimpawu zeAortic Aneurysm ezithinta amanye amaqumrhu
Amacwecwe egazi angenza i-aneurysm ye-aortic. Ukuba la macala egazi aphuma kwaye ahambe kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, angabangela umonakalo womzimba, ezifana nokubetha , ukuhluleka kwezintso okanye ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo. Iimpawu ziyahluka kwaye zibandakanya intlungu yesifuba, ukulahleka kombono kunye negazi kumchamo.
Izizathu
I-aortic aneurysm iyakhula xa iindonga ze-aorta ziba buthathaka. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha ngenxa yezifo kunye neemeko ezithintela zonke iinqanawa zegazi zomzimba, kungekhona nje i-aorta. Ubuthakathaka be-aorta bubangele ukukhupha, okubangela ukuba kubekho ukulungeleka okanye ukuphuma kwegazi. Uxinzelelo lomzimba lwe-aneurysm kwiimpawu ezisondeleyo kunokuvelisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo, ngelixa ukulahleka kwegazi ngenxa yokuphulukana ne-aneurysm kubangela ukuba kube nemiphumo eyingozi kunye nobungozi bokuphila.
- Ukutshaya, ngokude, kukukhokelela kwimiba yengozi ye-aortic aneurysms. Ababhemayo banokunyuka kwama-5 kwindleko ze-aortic ezineurysms xa kuthelekiswa nabangabhemi.
- Ukuguga: I-aortic aneurysms ayifumaneki kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
- Ubulili besilisa: I-aortic eneurysms zenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kumadoda kunabasetyhini.
- Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo : Ixesha elide uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngokukodwa xa lingagqithwanga, lunokwandisa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwe-aneurysm.
- I-Atherosclerosis : Ukukhawuleza kwemithambo yegazi, eyenzeka ngenxa ye-cholesterol ephakamileyo kunye negazi lokugonywa, uxhomekeke kwi-aortic aneurysm ngokwenza iindonga zetyiti engavumelekanga kwaye zilungele ukuncipha.
- Imbali yentsapho ye-aneurysm yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi
- Izimo ze-Genetic: Izifo ezininzi zofuzo zingandisa umngcipheko we-aortic aneurysm, ngenxa yobuthakathaka beemithwalo yegazi ezibangelwa le miqathango. I-Marfan syndrome, i-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, i-arteritis ye-Takayashu, i-aortic valve, i-Loeys-Dietz, isifo se-aortic kunye ne-polycystic isifo sesifo sonke sandisa ingozi ye-aortic aneurysms.
- Ingxaki: I-trauma kwisisu okanye esifubeni ingabangela i-aortic aneurysm ukuphuhlisa okanye ukuphuka.
Izinto zobungozi zokukhutshwa
Akulula ukuqikelela ukuba i-aneorysm ye-aortiki iya kuphuka. Izibonakaliso ezigqithisayo, ubungakanani obukhulu okanye ubungakanani be-aneurysm, kunye nobungqina bokuphuma kwegazi ekuhlolweni kokucinga, zonke zibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukukhulelwa. Utshintsho olunzulu kwixinzelelo lwegazi, okanye unyango olubi, lunokwandisa amathuba okulwa ne-aortic aneurysm.
Ukuxilongwa
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-aortic aneurysm zidla ngokuba ngenxa yokuphuka, kwaye ukuphuka kungaba yingozi. Ukuba une-aortic aneurysm aneurysm, isiphumo sakho siya kuba ngcono xa i- aneurysm ifunyaniswa phambi kokuba ivelise nayiphina impawu.
- Ukuhlola: Uninzi lwe-aortic aneurysms eziphambi kwexesha eliphambili zifunyaniswa xa abantu abagwetywa ukuba bangengozini eyongeziweyo bajongwa ngokukodwa, nangona kungekho zibonakaliso okanye iimpawu ekuhloleni ngokomzimba. I-US Preventative Task Force Force iye yasungula iingcebiso kwi-aortic eneurysm yokucoca ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala, ngokwesini, nangomnxeba.
- Uhlolo lokuhlola umzimba: I-mass mass, eyindawo enkulu yokuphalaza esiswini, ingafunyanwa ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba malunga nama-33% abantu abane-AAA. Ngenxa yokuba isitya segazi sinobunzima ukuba uzive ukuba unesifo esine-thoracic, ukuchongwa ngexesha lovavanyo lenyama lukhulu kakhulu kwi-aneacysms thoracic.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Isifuba se-X-ray asiqhelekanga uvavanyo lwakho ugqirha wakho uya kuyala ukuba usengozini ye-aortic aneurysm. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iineurysms zifunyanwe okokuqala ngesikhokelo se-X-ray esingabalelwa esinye isizathu ngaphandle kokubonisisa i-aortic aneurysm.
- Ucwaningo lwe-ultrasound: I-ultrasound uhlobo lwesifundo esingafumanisa ukungaqhelekanga kwintlambo yokuhamba kunye nesakhiwo se-anatomical yomzimba. Ucwaningo lwe-ultrasound lubhekwe ngokukhethekileyo xa luxilongwa kwi-aortic aneurysms. Uvavanyo olukhuselekileyo nolunokukhawuleza ukuxilongwa, okwenza luncedo kwiimeko eziphuthumayo ngokunjalo.
- I-CT scan: Olunye uphando lwe-imaging, i-CT scan, luyakwazi ukubona utshintsho kwisakhiwo se-aorta, kwaye lunokunceda ekucwangciseni ukucwangcisa.
- I-MRI iskripthi: I-MRI, njenge-CT, isifundo sokucinga esichaza ukungaqhelekanga kwe-anatomical. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezithile ze-aneurysm yakho, i-MRI okanye i-CT ingakhethwa ukuba ihlolwe i-aorta yakho.
Unyango
Ukuba uxelelwe ukuba une-aneurysm ye-aortic, wena kunye nogqirha wakho kuya kufuneka unqume indlela efanelekileyo yokunyango . Izindlela ezimbini zokulawula u-aneurysm ziquka ukulungiswa kokucoca ukukhusela, okanye ukubeka iliso ngokukhawuleza ngexesha. Kwinqanaba elikhulu, esi sigqibo siya kuxhomekeka kwimeko enokuqikelela ukuba i-aneurysm yakho iya kuphuka, kunye nomngcipheko oqikelelwa ukuba usuphethwe.
Ubunokwenzeka ukuba i-aortic aneurysm iya kuphuka ixhomeke kakhulu kwizinto ezimbini: ubukhulu be-aneurysm, kunye nezinga lokukhula. Ubukhulu be-aneurysm ye-aorti bubhekwa njengesona sibonakaliso esona sikhulu somngcipheko wokuphuka kwaye sinokulinganiswa nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, i-CT scan, okanye i-MRI. Ama-Aneurysms amakhulu kunama-5,5 cm ububanzi kumadoda, okanye ngaphezulu kwama-5.0 cm kubasetyhini, banokuthi bahlukane kunama-aneurysms amancinci. Ukuba le nto ifikeleleke kumyinge wamanqanaba, umngcipheko wokuphuka ukhulu kunama-40% ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu, kwaye utyando luvame ukucetyiswa. Ngaphantsi kweemilinganiselo zokugcina, umngcipheko wokuphuka ungasondela kumngcipheko weengxaki ezivela kutyando, ngoko utyando lungenakucetyiswa.
- Ukulungiswa kokupanda: Ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm kudinga inkqubo yokuhlinzwa. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulungiswa kocwangco, kubandakanywa oko kuthethwa ukulungiswa okuvulekileyo, kunye nenye indlela, ekulungiswayo kwe-endovascular. Udokotela wakho ogqirha uya kucwangcisa inkqubo yakho ukukunika ithuba elihle lokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphucula okukhuselekileyo kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa ngokunokwenzeka.
- Umngcipheko wokuphandabuza: Abantu abaninzi abane-aortic aneurysms banezinye izifo zengqondo ngenxa yeminyaka yobudala kunye nemingcipheko, ngoko ke ingozi yokulungisa ukucoca ivame ukuba yinto encinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umngcipheko wokufa kwenkqubo yokugqirha idla ngo-5% okanye ngaphantsi, kodwa ingozi yokuhlinzwa kufuneka ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngamnye ngamnye.
- Landela: Ukuba utyando alukhuthazwa, ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kobukhulu be-aneurysm kufuneka kwenziwe. Ukuba i-aneurysm ikhula ngobukhulu ngaphezu kwe-0.5 cm ngonyaka, umngcipheko wokuphuka uphezulu kakhulu - kwaye utyando luvame ukunyanzelwa nokuba ngaba ubungakanani bobukhulu be-aneurysm basaphantsi kwe-5.0 okanye 5.5 cm.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Aortic Aneurysm
Ukuqhekeka kwe-aortic ukubhuka kwimeko yokukhawuleza. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kuwe okanye othandekayo, ukuzinza ngokukhawuleza kwezokwelapha kunye nokulungiswa kokucoca kuyimfuneko. Ukongezelela ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm, ukulahlekelwa kwegazi ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nemiphumo kwamanye amalungu kufuneka kulawulwe ngokunjalo.
Thintelo
I-aortic aneurysm inokwenzeka xa unemiba ethile yobungozi. Ezinye zezinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nobudala kunye nemvelo, azilawulwa. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ngakwelinye icala, zinokuguqulwa okanye zilawulwe, ezinciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuphuhlisa i-aortic aneurysm .
Ezinye zezinyathelo ozithathayo zokunciphisa umngcipheko ziquka:
- Musa ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyinqobo yengozi kuzo zonke izifo zesifo, kuquka i-aortic aneurysms. Indlela kuphela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa umonakalo obangela ukutshaya ukuyeka ukutshaya.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lugalelo elikhulu kwizifo zesisulu, kwaye ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa ukutya, ukulawula uxinzelelo, okanye unyango kunciphisa amathuba akho okuphuhlisa i-aortic aneurysm.
- Lawula izinga lakho le-cholesterol: I-cholesterol ephezulu ikhokelela kwi-atherosclerosis, eyinto enzima yeemithambo. I-atherosclerosis iphakathi kwezinto ezibangela i-aortic aneurysm. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa izinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol. Amachiza amaninzi anokunciphisa i-cholesterol, kunye nokutya okunomdla okuphezulu kwi-fiber kunye namafutha angenampilo nako kunokunciphisa i-cholesterol kwabanye abantu.
- Ukunyamekela ngonyango rhoqo: Ukunyamekela ukutyelela rhoqo unyango kubalulekile. Ugqirha wakho unokufumanisa ukuba unokube usengozini yokuba ne-aortic aneurysm, kwaye unokufuna ukuhlolwa kokuhlola. Ukongezelela, xa ugcina ukutyelela rhoqo unyango, imiba enokunyusa umngcipheko we-aortic aneurysm, njengengcinezelo yomshukela kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, ingafunyanwa kwaye iphathwe kusasa.
ILizwi
Ukuphulwa kwe-aortic ineurysm isiganeko esibalulekileyo sokubangela ukufa. I-aortic aneurysms kaninzi ayibangeli iimpawu, okwenza uhlolisiso luphawu olubalulekileyo lokugcinwa kwezempilo, ingakumbi ukuba unobungozi bokubhema, ukuguga, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-atherosclerosis.
Ukuba une-aneurysm ye-aorti, isigqibo malunga nokuba ufuna ukulungiswa, kwaye iinkcukacha zenkqubo ngokwalo zifuna ukubonisana okuphezulu kunye ne-articular surgeon. Utyando lubhekwa njengenkqubo enkulu, kwaye emva kokulungiswa, abaninzi abantu banemiphumo emihle kwaye abanakufumana i-aortic aneurysm ephukile.
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo wakho uphila kwi-aneurysm ephukile, oku kubuye kuthathe ixesha, kwaye kunokuba nefuthe elide elide le-aortic aneurysm yakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-Curt nguW, Yano M. Isifo esingahambi kakubi se-aorta esiswini. I-Abdom Radiol (NY). Ngo-2018 ngoMeyi; 43 (5): 1067-1083. i-doi: 10.1007 / s00261-018-1525-0.
> Cury M, Zeidan F, Lobato AC. Isifo se-Aortic kwintsana: i-genetic aneurysm syndromes, iziphazamiso zenyama kunye neentsholongwane ze-aortic zeentsapho kunye nezichaso. Int J Vasc Med. 2013; 2013: 267215. i-doi: 10.1155 / 2013/267215. Epub 2013 Jan 14.
> Ukubheka i-BW, i-Hallett i-RL Fleischmann D. I-Epidemiology kunye nokuphathwa kwangoku kwezi-aneorysms zesisu. I-Abdom Radiol (NY). Ngo-2018 ngoMeyi; 43 (5): 1032-1043. i-doi: 10.1007 / s00261-017-1450-7.