I- aortic aneurysm yindawo yokuhluthwa kwe-aorta, indawo ephambili yomzimba. Isizathu esintloko sokuba kuthathwa ingxaki kukuba ngamanye amaxesha i-aneurysms iyakhula, ekhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi kwangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingxaki ezinzima nazo zinokwenzeka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-aortic aneurysms ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaphezu kwexesha leminyaka emininzi, ngoko ke ungalokothi ukhule kuze kube yinto ekugqibeleni kuphuka.
Ezi zithandabuzo ezinqabileyo azivelanga naluphi na iimpawu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, i-aneurysm inokukhula ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kwaye ibe enkulu kakhulu, kubangela iimpawu. Ezi zimpawu zibonakalisa ukuba ukuphuka kuya kuba nzima. Xa i-aneurysm i-aortic iphula umngcipheko wokufa iphezulu kakhulu-nangona ukuba utyando olungxamisekileyo lunokwenziwa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu abane-aneurysm bafuna ukunqatshelwa kwezempilo ngokusondeleyo ukuze utyando lwenziwa ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kuphulwe.
Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-aortic aneurysm ibangela iimpawu. Oogqirha kufuneka benze ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho na isigulane esinomngcipheko we-aortic aneurysm ichaza iimpawu ezinokubangelwa yi-aneurysm. Aba bantu kufuneka bahlolwe ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye abantu abaye bafumanisa ukuba bane-aneurysm encinci okanye ephakathi kwe-aortic, kwaye bahloliselwe kuyo, kufuneka baqaphele ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ukuba zikhangele kwaye zixelele naziphi na izimpawu ugqirha wazo ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlobo zeMpawu
Iimpawu ezibangelwa i-aortic aneurysm zithembele, kwinqanaba elithile, nokuba li-aneurysm ye-aractic okanye i-aortic aneurysm yesisu.
I-aorta ayiyena kuphela into eyenziwa ngegazi elikhulu kwi-body, yinto ende kunazo zonke. Iqala "phezulu" kwentliziyo ukwenzela ukuba xa intliziyo igxotha igazi kwi-ventricle ekhohlo kunye ne-valor i-aortic ibe yi-aorta, igazi ligeleza phezulu, ukuya entloko.
Leyo ngxenye yokuqala ye-aorta ibizwa ngokuba yi-aorta ekhuphukayo (ekubeni ilawula igazi phezulu).
Phezulu kwesifuba, nje ngaphantsi komqala, i-aorta yenza u-U-turn-okubizwa ngokuba yi-arch ye-aorta-kwaye emva koko ihamba ngaphantsi komlanjana, ngesifuba kwaye emva kwesisu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-aorta ehla.
Ngalo lonke ubude balo, i-aorta inika imithambo yegazi eninzi ehambisa intloko, iingalo, isithotho, kunye nesisu. Ekugqibeleni, kwisisu esingaphantsi i-aorta iyahlula kwiimitha ze-aliac ezimbini, eziqhubekayo ukunikezela imilenze.
I-aneurysm ingahlakulela naliphi na iphuzu kwikota ye-aorta. Ukuba i-aneurysm ifumaneka ngaphezulu kwesithintelo (isifuba sokuphefumula esisiseko se-thorax) sibizwa ngokuba ne-aractic aneurysm. Ukuba itholakala ngaphantsi kwe-diaphragm, ibizwa ngokuba ne-aortic aneurysm esiswini. Phantse ama-40 ekhulwini lwe-aortic aneurysms zi-thoracic, kunye ne-60 ekhulwini esiswini.
Iimpawu ze-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
I-aneurysm ye-aorta ekhuphukayo, i-aortic arch, okanye i-aorta ehla ngasentla kwi-diaphragm ibizwa ngokuba yi-aneurysm ye-thoracic. Njengalo naliphi na i-aortic aneurysm, ezi ziqhelo ziqala ngokuncinci kwaye zikhule kancane. Ukuba iya kuba yanele ngokwaneleyo i-aortic aneurysm isifo sinokubangela iintlobo ezininzi zeempawu, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yayo kunye nalapho ezinye izakhiwo zomzimba zingaqala ukuphazamiseka.
Ezi zimpawu ziquka:
- Iintlungu zesifuba. Intlungu yesifuba ebangelwa i-aortic aneurysm ivame ukudibanisa ne-aneurysm ekhuphukayo, okanye i-aneurysm echaphazela i-arch. Olu hlobo lweentlungu zesifuba, ngokuhlukileyo kwi -angina , ngokuqhelekileyo aluhambelani ngqo nokuzikhandla.
- Umqolo obuhlungu. Intlungu ebuhlungu ebangelwa yi-aractic aneurysm isoloko ivakalelwa phakathi kwamagxa ehlombe, okanye encinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka nge-aneurysm ye-aorta ye-thoracic.
- Ukuthuka. Ukuxilwa kwe-aorta ekhuphukayo okanye i-aortic i-arch inokuphazamisa i-laryngeal nererve, ephikelela iintambo zamagama. Kukhokelela ukuba intambo yezwi yokukhubazeka ingakhokelela ekuhambeni.
- Isiqhamo . I-aneurysm ye-aorta ekhuphukayo okanye i-arch inokubangela ukuba i-airways ikhuphe.
- Dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane). Ngezizathu ezifanayo, i-aneurysm ye-aorta okanye i-arch ephakama ingabangela i- dyspnea .
Izimpawu zeAortic Aneurysm
I-aortic eneurysm esiswini ayinako ukuba ibangele iimpawu kune-aneurysm ye-thoracic aneorysm kuba kuninzi "igumbi" kwisisu ukuze i-aneurysm ikhule ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele ezinye izakhiwo zomzimba. Xa kuvela iimpawu, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukuba i-aneurysm inkulu kunye / okanye ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zimpawu ziquka:
- Umqolo obuhlungu. Intlungu ebuyayo esuka kwi-aortic aneurysm esiswini ivakalelwa kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwe-back, ngaphantsi kwe-diaphragm.
- Ukuxhalabisa esiswini. I-aortic aneurysm esiswini isenokuvelisa ubunzulu obukhulu, obungathandekiyo, intlungu, okanye "ukuzaliseka" esiswini.
- Ukuziva Ukuba i-aortic yesisu i-aneurysm iyaba enkulu ngokwaneleyo, inokuvelisa ukutshatyalaliswa okukrakra kummandla wenombumba.
Iingxaki
Xa zingakhange zibhekiswe, ezi ngxaki zingenzeka.
Ukukhupha
Eyona nto inkulu kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo inkxalabo eyoyika kakhulu ye-aortic aneurysm iyaphuka. I-aneurysm ephulukisiwe yisoloko iyintlekele, ekhokelela ekuphumeni kwamanzi kwangaphakathi. Iimpawu zokuqhaqha qho ziqala ngeentlungu ezinqabileyo kwisifuba okanye ngasemva, zilandelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokubetha, ubuthakathaka obunzima, kunye nobunzima obunzima, ukuphazamiseka , nokulahlekelwa yintliziyo.
Ukuwa kwe-cardiovascular ngokwemvama kudla ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi, nangona unokuba lunzame ukulungiswa ngokugqithiseleyo, ukufa kufana kakhulu. Ukuba i-aneorysm ye-aortiki iya kulungiswa ngempumelelo, lo msebenzi uphela rhoqo kufuneka uyenze ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume.
Dissection Aortic
Ukusabalalisa i-aortic yintluphelo kwimbali ye-aorta, enokuthi yenzeke kuyo nayiphi na indawo ebuthathaka kwindonga ye-aortic. Igazi eligezayo linokungena kwiintlungu, ukwahlula ngokucacileyo iindawo zodonga lwe-aortic. Xa kuvela ukuxubusha okunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ixhoba liya kuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza, kunzima, ukuqhawula okanye ukutyumla kwisifuba okanye ngasemva.
Umonakalo wangaphakathi wegazi kunye nomonakalo wegazi ovame ukuphumela ekuqhubiseni i-dissection kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, okanye omnye umonakalo wegazi, umonakalo womzimba okanye ukufa. I-Aortic dissection inokuthi iyenzeka nangona kungekho-aneorysm ekhona, kodwa ubukho be-aneurysm bubangela ukuxubusha.
I-Aortic
Enye inkathazo enokubangelwa kwi-aortic aneurysm i-aortic yokuvuselela (i-aortic valve) ephosakeleyo. Le nkcenkcesha inokubangelwa kwi-aneurysm ye-aorta ekhuphukayo, ngokukhawuleza ngaphezulu kwe-valve ye-aortic.
Ukuhluthwa okukhulu kwe-aorta kule ndawo kunokuphazamisa iveni ye-aorti ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba i-valve ingasebenzi. Abantu abafumana le nkxalabo bahlala bephethe iimpawu kunye nemiqondiso ye-aortic yokuvuselelwa, kubandakanya i-dyspnea, intlungu yesifuba, ukubethelwa kwintliziyo, ukulungiswa kwentliziyo kunye nokuhluleka kwentliziyo .
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba kuphela xa aba bantu bavavanywa ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwe-aortic ukuba isizathu esona senkinga-i-aortic aneurysm-iphakanyisiwe-ichongiwe.
Iingubo zegazi
Kwezinye iimeko, i-clot yegazi ingenza kwifom ehlanjululwayo ye-aorta, apho ukugeleza kwegazi okuqhelekileyo kunokuphazamiseka kwaye iindawo zokuxhamla ngokukhawuleza zingahlakulela. I-clot yegazi kwi-aorta inokubamba iqela (ukucima) kwaye ujikeleze phantse nawuphi na umzimba emzimbeni, ngokuqhelekileyo uvelisa umonakalo omkhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 I-ACCF / AHA / AATS / ACA / ACA / ASA / SCA / SCAI / SIR / STS / SVM Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye nokuLawula izigulane ezinezifo ze-Thoracic Aortic: Ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association. Izikhokelo, i-American Association ye-Thoracic Surgery, i-American College of Radiology, i-American Stroke Association, i-Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, i-Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, i-Society of Thoracic Surgeons, kunye ne-Society ye-Vascular Medicine. Ukuhamba ngo-2010; 121: e266.
> Moll FL, uPowell JT, uFraedrich G, et al. Ulawulo lwee-Aborinal Aortic Aneurysms Izikhokelo zoLwazi lweZiklinikhi ze-European Society For Surgery Surgery. U-Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 41 I-Suppl 1: S1.