Ulinganise i-pros and cons and ugqibe ukuba i- Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) yonyango olufanelekileyo kumntwana wakho we-autistic. Ngoku, uhla kwiibhakethi zethusi ukuze wazi ukuba nini, kuphi, kunye nokuba unonyango olunjani olufunekayo umntwana wakho.
Iiyure ezingama-40 ngeveki
Uncwadi lucebisa iiyure ezingama-40 ngeveki. Kodwa unyango oluninzi lubiza kakhulu kwaye lukhuni ukulufumana.
Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana abe neeyure ezingama-40 ze-ABA nganye ngeveki ukuze aphumelele?
Bobabini i-Lovaas Institute (eyasungula ukusetyenziswa kwe-ABA nge-autism) kunye neBhodi yeBhodi yokuQinisekisa iBhodi yokuCwangcisa (eqeqeshelwa i-ABA therapists) ithi "ewe." Ngokutsho kwabantu baseLovaas: Iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ziye zafunyanwa xa umntwana efumana iiyure ezingama-40 ngeveki yokunyanga. Ukungenelela kufuneka kuhlale kube ngabanye, kwaye ezinye izinto, ezifana nobudala bomntwana kunye nekhono langoku, liyakuchukumisa inani leeyure ezicetyiswayo. Kodwa, iiyure ezingama-40 ngeveki zihlala zingumgangatho oza kuvela kuwo.
Kakade ke, zombini le mibutho iyakuthengisa i-ABA, oko kuthetha ukuba banesizathu esihle sokubonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-ABA ingcono kunokuba ngaphantsi.
Ukuphucula inani leeyure
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bobabini bathetha ukuba inani leeyure liyakuncitshiswa kubantwana abaneengxaki ezincinci kwaye kufuneka bancitshiswe ngaphaya kwexesha njengoko ubuncinci bezakhono zabantwana.
Bathi kwakhona ukuba i-ABA imele inikwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, zombini ngokwawo nangamaqela.
Uphando oluqhutywe yimibutho engekho ye-ABA lubonakala lubonisa ukuba iiyure ezimbalwa zinokuba luncedo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ixesha elichithwe kunyango liphezulu kakhulu. Amanani adla ngokukhankanywe ngama-25-40 iiyure ngeveki, ngeveki, ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu.
I-Lovaas Institute ithi:
Injongo yeeyure ezingama-40 zonyango ukubonelela ngononophelo olulungelelanisiweyo kulo lonke usuku. Ngethuba lokungenelela okucwangcisiweyo, imo yendalo isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukunceda umntwana ahlale ephumelelayo ngelixa efundisa izakhono ezintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, abazali banikwe amandla okuqhubeka nokungenelelo kulo lonke ixesha lokuvuka komntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana bathuthuka befunda kwimvelo yendalo yabo yonke imihla. Injongo yenkqubo enzulu ukuvumela umntwana nge-autism ukuba afunde indlela yokufunda kwindalo yendalo kwaye ekugqibeleni uyabambelela ekubeni wakhe oontanga.
Ingaba abantwana banamathela ngokwenene kwiontanga zabo ezikhulayo nge-ABA enzulu?
Inyaniso kukuba le nto inqabile kodwa kwenzeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abo bantwana "ngokwenene" baya kusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ukuqala kunye nangona bekwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle njengabantwana abancinci, banokuvelisa imingeni emitsha njengoko bejamelana nemingeni enzima yoluntu kwiminyaka kamva.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, abantwana abane-autism "abayiboni." Nangona abantwana abane-autism banokufunda (kwiimeko ezininzi) ukufumana ukuziphatha okutsha kunye "nokucima" abanye, bahlala besineengxaki ezinkulu.
Kwaye, xa kunjalo, xa umntwana efumana i-ABA enjalo, akanalo "ixesha elongezelelweyo" lokuzinikela kwimigangatho yokufunda ebuntwaneni, iminqweno yakhe okanye ubudlelwane. Uhlala kwihlabathi elihle kakhulu elihluke kakhulu kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba umntwana one-autism, ngokungafani neontanga zakhe eziqhelekileyo, unokungabi nolwazi oluncinane ngemisebenzi yezemidlalo , kwimisebenzi kamva esikolweni, kunye nokunye ukusebenzisana okubalulekileyo ukwenzela uluntu. Inokunciphisa amava omntwana ngokuguquguquka, ukuhlaziywa kunye nezinye izakhono ezibalulekileyo.
Enye inkxalabo abazali abayidingayo xa bejonge kwi-ABA enkulu yindleko.
Iindaba ezilungileyo zeentsapho ezikhetha i-ABA kukuba zihlala zihlanganiswa (kwinqanaba elithile) zizikolo kunye / okanye i- inshurensi . Kwezinye iimeko, izikolo ziya kunika abafundi ngeeklasi ze-ABA ezikolweni. Kwezinye iimeko, i-inshurensi yempilo yabucala okanye iMedicaid iya kubhatala ubuncinane ezinye ze-ABA unyango. Kwiiyure ezingama-40 ngeveki kwiminyaka emithathu, nangona kunjalo, iindleko "ezisele" kwiintsapho ziya kuba zibalulekileyo.
Imithombo:
"I-ABA Izikhokelo ze-ASD." IBhodi yeZiko lokuQinisekisa ngeCandelo loVavanyo. Webhu, 2014.
Lovaas, OI (1987). Inkqubo yokuziphatha kunye nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo yemfundo neyengqondo kubantwana abancinci be-autistic. I-Journal ye-Consulting ne-Clinical Psychology, 55, 3-9.
"I-Lovaas ABA Ukwelashwa kwabantwana abane-Autism." ILovaas Institute. Wewebhu, 2013.
McEachin, JJ, Smith, T., & Lovaas, OI (1993). Isiphumo sesikhathi esizayo kubantwana abane-autism abafumene unyango oluphambili lokuziphatha. Umbhalo waseMerika kwiNtsingiselo yengqondo, 97 (4), 359-372.
I-Sallows, iGlen O. & Graupner, uTamlynn D. (2005). Unyango olunzulu lweZenzo zoBantwana abane-Autism: IsiPhumo seminyaka emine kunye neengcebiso. Umbhalo waseMerika kwiNgqondo yokuLinda, 110 (6), 417-438.
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