I-Cisgenderism yintlupheko yobulili
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokuchazwayo kuchazwa njengezifo ezingapheliyo okanye iimeko eziye zenzeka ngexesha elinye. Ngokomzekelo, isifo sikashukela kunye nesifo senhliziyo ziqhelekileyo zi-comorbidity, ezenza ingqiqweni kuba ishukela ephezulu yegazi ekhona kwigazi labantu abanesifo sikashukela iphela iwonakalisa iintswelo kunye nemithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Nangona kukho ubungqina obuninzi bangela ukuba abaninzi abanosayensi kunye neekliniki babhale i- autism kunye ne-sex dysphoria njengobunzima, olu dlelwane lubuhlungu.
Ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo, ubudlelwane be-pathophysiological phakathi kwe-sex dysphoria ne-autism aqondwa kakuhle. Ngamanye amazwi, sinokuqiqa nje ukuba umntu uthinta njani omnye. Ukongezelela, ukudibanisa kwale mibini miqathango kwenza ukuba unyango lube nzima nakakhulu. Kwaye kukho imbandela yangempela yokudibanisa i-sex dysphoria kwi-autism yindlela ekhohlisayo yokucalulwa.
I-Sex Dysphoria Plus Autism
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuqonda kwethu, ukuxilonga , kunye nesigama sesini kunye nesimo se-autism siye savela.
Ukubizwa ngokubhekiselele kobugqwetha kunye nesifo sengxaki yesini, emva kwesigxina sesigxina sobulili, i-dysphoria isigama sokugqibela esichaza kwimeko apho umntu uziva ecinezelekileyo kwinqanaba elincinane kwi-incongruence ebonakalayo phakathi kwesini esinikwe ngokwesini kunye nolwazi lwesini. Ukongezelela, abantu abane-sex dysphoria banqwenela ukuba esinye isini kwaye bahlala bathatha amanyathelo okwanelisa lo mnqweno.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu onesifo sengqondo sokulala ngesifo sobulili esabelwe isini lesini ekuzalweni, unokuziva ecinezelekile ngeli sabelo kuba uziva ephosakeleyo kwaye kunoko ufuna ukuba ngumfazi. Nangona i-dysphoria yesini ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu ababelwe isini besilisa ekuzalweni, kubakho nakwabaseTyhini, kunye nama-frequencies ukusuka ku-1: 10,000 ukuya ku-1: 20,000 kunye no-1: 30,000 kunye no-1: 50,000 kumadoda abelethwe ngabantwana kunye nabantwana abazalelwe ngokuzalwa. , ngokulandelanayo.
I-Autism, okanye i-colmoquially and less in autism, i-distism ye-disorder disorder, iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, izakhono kunye nokukhubazeka okuchaphazela uluntu, ukuziphatha nokuzimela. Abantu abane-autism bavame ukubonisa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kunye neminqweno. Aba bantu banokuba nobunzima Kwiimeko zentlalo, esikolweni, nasemsebenzini. Ngokutsho kweCDC, omnye kubantu abangama-68 unemoto.
Izifundo ezimbalwa ezincinci zenzelwe ukulinganisa umbutho phakathi kwe-autism kunye ne-dysphoria. Ngokomzekelo, ngowama-2010, i-Vries kunye noogxa baxela ukuba i-7.8 ekhulwini yabantwana kunye nabaselula abaxilongwa ngesifo se-dysphoria bafumanisa ukuba ne-autism. Ngo-2014, iPasterski kunye noogqirha bafumene ukuba ama-5.5 ekhulwini abantu abadala abanesifo se-dysphoria nabo babenempawu ezibonisa ukuba yi-autism.
Iingcamango zokuxhuma i-Autism kunye neGender Dysphoria
Nangona iingcamango ezininzi ziye zacetyiswa ukuba zidibanise i-autism kwi-dysphoria yesini, kukho ukungabikho kobubungqina obunzima obuxhasa abaninzi bala manqaku. Ngaphezu koko, ubungqina obuxhasa ezo "ngcamango" (ngokuchanekileyo, iingcamango) ziphezu kwendawo kwaye kaninzi kunzima ukudibanisa ndawonye kwiingxoxo ezihambelanayo nezihambelanayo. Nangona kunjalo, makhe sijonge ezinye zezi ngcamango:
- Ngokutsho kweengcamango zobuchopho ezingamadoda , abafazi banamathele ekucingeni ngokwemvakalelo engakumbi; kanti, amadoda asebenza ngokucokisekileyo ekucingeni kwabo. Ngaphezu koko, amanqanaba aphezulu e- testosterone (i-hormone yamadoda) esibelethweni ibangela ubuchopho obunzima bomntu okanye umzekelo womntu wesicatshulwa, okukhokelela kokubili i-autism kunye ne-sex dysphoria. Nangona kukho ubungqina obuncitshiweyo obuxhasa ezinye zeengcamango emva kweengcamango zobuchopho ezingamadoda, enye ingqinano ebangeleyo kukuba amazinga okwanda kwe testosterone ekhokelela kwingqondo yesintu ayichazi ukuba kutheni abafana abesinikwa ngabafazi, abasenokuba nobuchopho besilisa, bahlakulele i-autism kunye nesifo se-dysphoria xa sichazwa kumazinga aphezulu e-testosterone. Endaweni yoko, aba bafana kufuneka babe yi-hypermasculinized kunye nangaphezulu kwindoda ekucingeni kwabo. Ngaloo ndlela, le ngcamango ichaza ukuba kutheni amantombazana angahlakulela le miqathango.
- Ubunzima kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu sele isetyenziselwe ukuchaza ukuphuhliswa kobulili be-dysphoria kubantwana abane-autism. Ngokomzekelo, inkwenkwe ene-autism exhatshazwa ngamanye amakhwenkwe angenakuyithandi amanye amakhwenkwe aze abone iintombazana.
- Abantu abane-autism banzima ukuthetha nabanye. Le ntsalela inokubangela ukuba abanye bangaphumeleli iingongoma zentlalo malunga nezokwabelana ngesini esenokunyusa amathuba okuphuhlisa i-dysphoria yesini. Ngamanye amagama, ngenxa yokuba abanye abantu abayithathi kwiingcamango zesini esinikwe ngumntwana, ngoko umntwana akaphathwa ngenyameko ngokuvisisana nesondo esabelwe kwaye, ngoko ke, unokukwazi ukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhlisa i-dysphoria yesini .
- Ubulili besifo se-dysphoria sisenokubonakalisa i-autism, kwaye iimpawu ezifana ne-autistic-ezifana nazo zingaqhuba isifo se-dysphoria. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana onesini esinikwe ngumntu kunye ne-autism angaphinda asebenze ngeengubo zamakhwenkwezi, amathoyizi kunye nemisebenzi. Enyanisweni, oku kubonakala ukuba i-dysphoria yezesini ayinakuba yi-dysphoria kuyo yonke into kodwa i-OCD.
- Abantwana abane-autism bangabonakalisa ukunyaniseka ngokubhekiselele kwintlukwano yesini. Basenokuba nzima ukudibanisa umahluko phakathi kobuli bobulibo obanikezelweyo kunye nabanobuchule. Olu konyuka ekubandezelekeni lunokuba lunokwandisa isifo se-sex dysphoria kwaye kwenze kube nzima kubo ukulawula le mvakalelo.
- Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ngokungafaniyo nolutsha oluninzi lwe-dysphoria kuphela, abafana abaselula kunye ne- sex dysphoria abaqhelekanga bathandana namalungu abo abesinikwa ngokwabelana ngesini (oko kukuthi, ingqingili engeyiyo yesini yobulili). Eli qela labantu lingafumana iimpawu ezinzima ze-autism kunye neengxaki zengqondo.
- Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezinye iingcali zathi abantu abane-autism abazange bakwazi ukufaka ubungqina besini-oku kwachaswa. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba ukudideka ekuphuhliseni ubuni bobuqhetseba okanye ukutshintshwa kwendlela yokuphuhliswa kolwazi ngokwesini kunokubangela inxaxheba kwisini se-dysphoria. Ukongezelela, ukulahleka kweengcinga kunye novelwano, eziqhelekileyo kubantu abane-autism, kunokukwenza kube nzima ukuba abantu abane-autism baqonde ukuba bangabanye besini esithile.
Impembelelo Yonyango
Nangona asiyiqondi kakuhle ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kwe-autism kunye ne-sex dysphoria, ayizange ibeke ezinye iiklinikhi ukuba zingaboni ukuba zezi zimbini ziimeko kunye nomntu ofanayo kwaye zonyango le miqathango.
Ukunyangwa kwe-sex dysphoria kwabaselula kunye ne-autism kunobungakanani obungenakulinganiswa kunye nemiphumo engavumelekiyo.
Nangona kunokuba kungabikho ngcamango engavumelwanga ngokusemthethweni okanye izikhokelo zesikliniki ezisesikweni malunga nendlela yokuphatha i-dysphoria kwezobomi kulabo abane-autism, ngowama-2016, abaphandi bapapasha isethi yokuqala yezikhokelo zeklinikhi kwi- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology esekelwe kwigalelo zeengcali ezahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zeengcebiso:
- Xa kungekho kliniki onezakhono zombini nge- autism kunye nokuxilongwa ngokwesini, u-co-occurrence we-sex dysphoria kunye ne-autism kufuneka ifunyanwe liqela leklinikhi elineziingcali zesini kunye ne-autism. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ukuba kuthathe ixesha elide ukuxilonga nokuphatha ukuqhutyana kwezi meko. Ngamanye amazwi, kungcono ukuba ungagqibi ukufumana iingxaki kunye nokunyanga kwaye ucinge ngezinto phakathi kweqela leengcali.
- Unyango lwe-sex dysphoria kunye ne-autism kaninzi luhamba. Emva kokufumana unyango lwe-autism, umntwana oselula uyakwazi ukufumana ingqiqo engcono, ukucinga okuguquguqukayo kunye nezakhono zonxibelelwano ezinceda ekuqondeni ubulili. Izidingo ezinxulumene ngesini kufuneka zihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuqonda okuthe ngqo kwizesini kunokukwenza kube nzima kumntu ophethe i-autism ukuba aqikelele imiphumo yexesha elide kwezigqibo zabo. Iintsholongwane kufuneka zinike ixesha lokuqonda iingxaki zabo zesini kunye nokuqonda zabo iimfuno kunye neminqweno. Ngaphezu koko, ngamanye amaxesha kukho izibonakaliso ezingabonakaliyo zesini ezifuna indawo ethile yokuhlala. Mhlawumbi, umntwana osemtsha kunye ne-sex dysphoria akhathaleli ukugqoka ngesimo esingasifanelanga nesini okanye athathe elinye igama.
- I-Adolescents kunye nabazali babo kufuneka bafumane i- psycho-education and counseling malunga ne-co-occurrence ye-autism ne-dysphoria.
- Akukho mvumelwano malunga nokunyangwa kweyeza. Ukuvunyelwa kwonyango kunokuba nzima kubabantwana abane-autism kunye ne-sex dysphoria kuba aba bantu banzima ukuqonda ingozi yesikhathi eside kunye nemiphumo engapheliyo yokungenelela kwesini. I-kliniki kufuneka iphuhlise isicwangciso esikhethekileyo sokuvuma kunye neengozi kunye neenzuzo ezinikezwe ngendlela ekhonkco, isite-wise and accessible. Ukunciphisa ukukhulelwa komntwana ngokusebenzisa i-hormone yinto enhle kubafundi abaselula abavuma ngenxa yokuba bayaguqulwa. Nangona nangona ziyeke, ama-hormone ehamba ngesondo angaba nemiphumo engapheliyo. Abanye abaphandi bancoma ukulinda ukulawula ama-hormone esahlukileyo kunye nokwenza unyango oluze lube lukhulile xa ubume bobulili bucacile.
Cisgenderism
Ngengqungquthela ye-Psychology ka-2012 (i-POWS), uNatacha Kennedy wanikela idilesi ebalulekileyo eyenza ingxabano enamandla yokuchaza ubuhlobo be-causal phakathi kwe-autism kunye ne-sex dysphoria ngokwenene luhlobo lwe- cisgenderism okanye ubandlululo.
Ngokutsho kukaKennedy, i- cisgenderism yeenkcubeko ichazwa ngale ndlela:
- i-systemic erasure kunye neengxaki zabantu abathengayo
- ngokubaluleka kwesini
- ibhinari yesini
- ukungaguquki kwesini
- ukufakwa kwangaphandle kwesini
I-cisgenderism yenkcubeko inika amandla kwaye ixhobisa umbonisi ukuba abonise umntu ngesini, ngaphandle kwegalelo lomntu.
Le nkqubo iqala ngexesha lokuzalwa xa umntwana esabelwe ubulili aze aqhubeke ebomini njengoko abanye benza imisebenzi malunga nobulili bomntu. Abantu baseTransgender baxhomekeke kwi-diagnostic kunye nonyango ukuba kubekho ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle kwesini kunye nokumiselwa. Nangona kunjalo, le nqubo yonke ibonisa ukuba isini ibhinqa (nokuba yindoda okanye ibhinqa), ingaguqukiyo, iyimfuneko, kwaye ayiyiyo imanzi.
Nangona kuhlangene nathi sonke, i-cisgenderism ayithethi ngokubanzi kwintetho yesidlangalaleni. Kwenzeka nje. Ngokomzekelo, sitsho ngokuzenzekelayo izivakalisi yena kunye nabanye, sichaze iimpahla njengabantu besilisa okanye abasetyhini kwaye ulindele abanye ukuba basebenzise ibhinqa lesilisa okanye labesifazane.
Iintsholongwane kunye ne-sex dysphoria zithatha kule cisgenderism kwaye ziqonda ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo uluntu alwamkelekanga ukuba benze izigqibo ezingahambisani nezesini. Ngenxa yoko, aba bantu abaselula banqanda izigqibo ezingafaniyo zesini kunye nokwesaba isigwebo kunye nokuhlekwa usulu.
I-Cisgenderism ichaphazela abantwana abane-Autism
Ngenxa yokuba i-cisgenderism ilungile kwaye ingathethi kwintetho yesidlangalaleni, abantwana abane-autism mhlawumbi bayayiqonda. Ngaphezu koko, nokuba ngaba la bantwana baqonda i-cisgenderism, abanako ukukhathalela. Ngaloo ndlela, aba bantwana abane-autism banokuthi benze izigqibo ezingafaniyo zesini eziye zabonwa ngabanye njenge-gender dysphoria.
Kuyacaca ukuba i-dysphoria yesini ifana ngokufanayo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo kunye kunye ngaphandle kwe-autism. Nangona kunjalo, abo abane-autism abaziyikuzikhusela ngokukhanya kwezinto ezinobunzima eziqhubela phambili. Ngokungafihli ukukhethwa kwazo, abantwana abane-autism banokuthi bachongwe ukuba banesifo se-dysphoria.
Ukongeza kwi-cisgenderism yenkcubeko, uKennedy uxela ukuba oogqirha kunye nabaphandi baqhubela phambili i-cisgenderism ngokubona ubulili njengento yokuqhafaza, engaguqukiyo, kwaye ebalulekileyo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, zizenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba zichonge ngendlela yokungahambisani nezesini. Iingcali ziyahluleka ukubona ukuba ubulili akuyona nje yindoda okanye ibhinqa kodwa kunokuba yinto ebonakalayo.
Ukongezelela, iingcali zinikezela ngamava ahlukeneyo ngokwesini ngokubhala ngokuthi "izigaba" eziya kudlula. Cinga ngeengcebiso ezilandelayo ezivela kwi-NHS, inkqubo yezempilo yelizwe e-UK:
Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu hlobo lendlela yokuziphatha luyingxenye yokukhula kwaye iya kudlulela ngexesha, kodwa labo abanesifo soxhatshazo besini buqhubeka ngokubantwana baze babe ngabantu abadala.
Okukwintsusa
Nangona zibhalwe, siyaqonda ngokuncinci malunga nokubambisana kwe-sex dysphoria kunye ne-autism. Iinzame zokubangela ukungabikho kwezinto phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zingqiniswanga kakuhle. Iingcali nazo aziqondi indlela engcono yokuphatha ngayo le miqathango mibini xa ivela ngexesha elifanayo.
Kungenzeka ukuba ubukhulu besini se-dysphoria phakathi kwabantwana abane-autism bulingana neyabantwana ngaphandle kwe-autism. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abangenawo i-autism baya kunqanda umnqweno wokuthatha isenzo esingenakuqulunqwa kwesini ngenxa yobume besini; nangona, abantwana abane-autism mhlawumbi abayiqondi ezi zilindelekileyo okanye abanandaba.
Nangona kunqabile ukuthethwa ngabo, ubulili bujongwa njengento ebalulekileyo, engaguqukiyo, kunye nobuncinci ngabo bonke uluntu kuluntu kuquka neengcali eziqhuba izifundo kunye nokunyanga. Ihlabathi lisetyenziselwa iintetho ezimbini zesini: indoda kunye nesetyhini. Ngokuqhelekileyo siwabela abanye ngesini ngesini, kunye neengcali zentsholongwane zibonisa iintetho ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezifo ezifana ne-sex dysphoria. Enyanisweni, kufana nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, ubulili bubonakala bunamanzi kwaye bulele kwibala.
Umbutho ulindele ukuba abantu bahambelane kakuhle kwiibhokisi zeesibini zesini, yingakho kukho iindawo zokuhlamba zamadoda nabesifazana, amagumbi okutshintsha, amaqela ezemidlalo kunye nokunye. Kungenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo oluthatha abantwana abanokuvakalelwa lunokuthi lusekwe kulindeleke kwihlabathi ukuba i-sex is a binary. Mhlawumbi, ukuba uluntu luyakwamkelwa ngakumbi kwaye lube nolungelelaniso lwezesini, ke ezi ntwana ziya kuziva zikhululekile kwaye zingakhathazeki.
> Imithombo
> Anna, IR, et al. Ubulili be-dysphoria kunye ne-autism disorder disorder: Ukuhlaziywa okulandayo. Ukuphononongwa ngamazwe ngamazwe ngeengqondo. 2016; 28 (1): 70-80.
> Baron-Cohen, S. I-Extreme Male Brain Theory ye-Autism. UKUHLAWULWA KWEZINKCUKACHA ZEZENKCAZO. 2002; 6 (6): 248-254.
> UGeorge, R, kunye noS Stokes, M. "Ubundlobongela Awukho Kwi-Agenda Yam!": Ubulili beDysphoria kunye ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder. Ku: I-Mazzone, L, kunye neVitiello, B. Iimpawu zeengqondo kunye ne-Comorbidities kwi-Autism Spectrum Disorder. ESwitzerland: i-Springer; 2016.
> Kennedy, N. Cisgenderism: Iziphumo ze-imperceptible. I-Psychology yabaseTyhini iCandelo lokuHlola. 2013; 15 (2): 3-11.
> Strang, JF, et al. Izikhokelo zokuqala zeeKlinikhi ze-Co-Occurring I-Autism I-Disect Disorder kunye neGender Dysphoria okanye ukungenakunzima kwi-Adolescents. Umbhalo we-Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 2016; 1-11.