Iziphumo zengxaki yeminyaka emibini yokuphonononga inkolelo eziqhelekileyo
Uninzi lwezifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abanoyikayo okanye abanakho ukuchaza isimo sabo se-HIV basengozini enkulu yokuzimela kunye nokuxinezeleka. Oku, kunokwenza kube nzima ukugcina amanqanaba afanelekileyo ekunyanzeleni izilwanyana ukuze kugcinwe ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane, ngakumbi ukuba imishanguzo ye-HIV kufuneka ithathwe ngasese.
Ngoko ke, ukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kubangela ukuba abantu abangakwazi ukuchaza isimo sabo se-HIV babeya kuba mngcipheko wokugula nokufa kunabo abenzayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazinzulu ziye zaqalisa ukuvavanya loo ngcamango kwaye zenze izigqibo ezimangalisayo.
Iimali zokungabonakali
Ucwaningo lweminyaka emibili, oluqhutywa yi-Antiretrovirals yase-London, i-Anti-Transmission Risk, kunye ne-Attitudes (ASTRA), yafumana amadoda angama-3,258 abane-HIV kunye namabhinqa kwiiklinikhi ezisibhozo e-UK Aba nxaxheba babandakanywa ngabasetyhini abasetyhini , amadoda alala ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) , amadoda angqinileyo, onke awalindelwe ukusuka ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2011.
Abathathi-nxaxheba bahlolisiswa ukuba baqaphele ukuba ngaba baxelele i-status yabo ukuba "akukho mntu," "abanye," okanye "ininzi okanye yonke into" yesangqa sentlalo. Ukubhengezwa kwintsebenziswano engaqhelekanga ngokwesondo akuzange kufakwe.
Ngokubanzi, i-MSM yafunyanwa ukuba yenzeke ngakumbi ukuba ichaze isimo sayo se-HIV kunye neepesenti ezihlanu kuphela ezingabonakali nakubani na. Ngokwahlukileyo, iipesenti ezili-16 zabesetyhini kunye neepesenti ezili-17 zamadoda angama-sexesterual sex groups.
Ukungafani kwakuxhomekeke kakhulu kwingcamango yokuba "isohlwayo senhlalakahle" ekudaleni kuluntu lwe-MSM sele lide kakhulu kunamanye amaqela.
Yonke into echazwe, abaphandi bakwazi ukuchonga ezi ndlela zilandelayo:
| Ukwaziswa | Amadoda anayo Ukulala Nabantu (MSM) | Heterosexual Bafazi | Heterosexual Amadoda |
| Akukho mntu | 5% | 16% | 17% |
| AkukhoNtsapho | 40% | 33% | 39% |
| Akukho Bahlobo | 14% | 43% | 56% |
| Akukho Msebenzi Osebenza nabo | 54% | 84% | 84% |
| Ezinye zeNtsapho | 32% | 44% | 47% |
| Abanye abahlobo | 56% | 38% | 50% |
| Abanye asebenza nabo | 39% | 13% | 14% |
| Uninzi okanye Yonke Intsapho | 27% | 20% | 17% |
| Uninzi okanye Bonke Abahlobo | 30% | 8% | 17% |
| Uninzi okanye Bonke Osebenza nabo | 6% | 3% | 2% |
Akumangalisi kukuba, ukungaveli kwindoda kumlingani okanye oqinileyo naye wayephezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini abasetyhini (ama-13 ekhulwini), alandelwa ngamadoda angama-sexes (10,9 ekhulwini) kunye ne-MSM (4.9 ekhulwini).
Ukungabikho kwamandla kwabasetyhini, umngcipheko wobundlobongela, ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungalingani kwezesini kwakukho nje isizathu sokuba kutheni abesetyhini abasixhenxe abazange bavezwe.
Ukungabonakali nokuPhumela kwezeMpilo
Emva kokuseka isimo sokubhengezwa kwabafundi abathathi-nxaxheba, abaphandi baxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nobudala, ubuhlanga, unqulo, isimo sengonyango, inkxaso yezenhlalakahle, kunye nesimo sempilo yomntu ngexesha lokuxilongwa.
Ezi ziye zafaniswa nonyango kunye nenqanaba lempilo lomntu othatha inxaxheba ekupheleni kokuvavanywa kweminyaka emibini, kubandakanywa:
- Umgangatho wokubambelela kweziyobisi
- Inqanaba lokunciphisa i-virus (njengoko kulinganiswa nomthwalo wentsholongwane )
- Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalaba
Oko abaphandi bafumene kukuba ukungabonakali, kwaye ngokwabo, kwakungekho mpe mbelelo kuyo nayiphi na le miba kwaye abantu abathi bakhethe ukungabonakali babengekho mngcipheko omkhulu wempilo engafanelekanga kunabo abenzayo.
Into abayifumeneyo kukuba impilo ebuthakathaka yayinxulumene nezinye izinto ezibandakanya ubudala, ubuhlanga bamnyama , ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV kwangoku, kunye nokungabikho kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Phakathi kwe-MSM, ukubambisana nenkolo kwaye kwahlanganiswa nempilo empofu.
ILizwi
Nangona iziphumo zingakhothabisa ukuba ukuchazwa kwe-HIV akuyona into ebalulekileyo-ukuba unokwenza kakuhle ukuba uyayichaza isimo sakho okanye kungekhona-baninzi bathi isifundo asihluli ukuba umphumo wokufihla, ukuzodwa, kunye neentloni kwimpilo yomntu ngexesha elide.
Namhlanje, kunye neendlela eziphuculweyo zokunikela "ukuxolelwa" okukhulu kunonyango, ugxininiso luye lwasukela ekulawuleni i-HIV njengesiluleko esizimeleyo kwimeko apho i-HIV ilawulwa njengenxalenye yempilo jikelele yomntu.
Kwaye, yilapho iimeko ezifana nokuzihlalisa kunye nokuntuleka kwenkxaso yoluntu kubalulekile. Njengezinto ezizimeleyo, zombini zidibaniswa namazinga aphezulu okunyanzeliswa kwezempilo kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa kwabantu bonke. Ukubeka nje, ukuhlukaniswa kwezentlalo akuphuculanga nasiphi na isifo, i-HIV okanye enye.
Umgca weyona nto: abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banamathuba amaninzi namhlanje ukufa ngenxa yokugula okungenayo i-HIV kunxulumene ne-HIV. Ngaphezu koko, ezininzi zezi zifo (njengomhlaza kunye nesifo senhliziyo ) zivame ukuvela kwi-10 ukuya kwe-15 kwiminyaka ngaphambili kunabantu bonke.
Nangona i-HIV engeyiyo idilesi ingenakuchaphazela ngqo ukukwazi ukulawula intsholongwane, impembelelo yayo kwimpilo yakho yonke nenhlalakahle inokuba yingozi kakhulu.
> Umthombo:
> Daskalopoulou, M .; Iilum, F .; Phillips, A. et al. "Ukungabonakali kwe-HIV serostatus kunye nemibutho neengqondo zengqondo, i-ART engekho ukunyanzelisa, kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane engeyona inkunkuma phakathi kwabantu abaphila ne-HIV e-UK." AIDS Behav. 2017; 21 (1): 184-95. INGXELO: 10.1007 / s10461-016-1541-4.