Ukuqonda iipatheni zelifa ukusuka kubazali ukuya kumntwana
Izifo ze-Genetic zibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwemfuza . Olu tshintsho lomzimba lungadluliselwa kubazali ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ingaba umntwana uya kuhlakulela ingxaki yesifo ixhomeke kakhulu kwiprojekthi yelifa.
Iipatheni zefa
Kukho imigaqo emibini eqikelela ukuba umntu unokufumana ilifa le-genetic disorder.
Akuqinisekisi ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka, kodwa kwandisa ingozi.
Ngokomzekelo, umhlaza wesifuba kunye nezifo ezizimele zikholelwa kakhulu ukuba zidibene nemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bokuguqulwa kolwimi alisoloko luguqulela kwisifo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye iinguqu zezofuzo, ezinjengezo zihambelana ne- hemophilia , ziza kubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo (ngaphandle kwee-degrees ezahlukeneyo zobunzima).
Ukuzimisela umngcipheko kusekelwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ingaba kukho ikopi enye ye-genetic mutation (ukusuka komzali omnye) okanye iikopi ezimbini (kubazali bobabini) zizuze ilifa
- Ingaba ukuguqulwa kwamanye ama-chromosomes zesini (i-X okanye i-Y) okanye omnye wama-22 amanye amabini angama-chromosomes angabi ngesondo (abizwa ngokuba ngama-autosomes)
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezidibaniseneyo, sinokuluhlula i-disorder njenge-X-linked linked, Y-linked, autosomal rection, okanye i-autosomal ephezulu.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-X-Linked LinkedS
Kwiingxaki ezixhasayo ze-X, i-genetic mutation ivela kwi-X (yabesifazane) i-chromosome.
Abesilisa bane-X kunye ne-Y ye-chromosome enye, ngoko-ke i-gene eguquguqukayo kwi-X ye-chromosome inokwanele ukudala ingxaki.
Ngokwahlukileyo, unama-chromosomes amabini ama-X, ngoko-ke i-gene eguquguqukayo kwi-X ye-chromosome enye ibinomthelela omncinci kumfazi ngenxa yokuba ikopi engatshintshiyo kwenye inokuthi ikhuphe umphumo.
Nangona kunjalo, isetyhini kunye nokuguquka kwemfuza kwi-X ye-chromosome enye yayiza kuba yinkampani yokuphazamiseka. Oko oku kusitshoyo kukuba, ukuba ivela kumbono wemibolo, ama-50 ekhulwini oonyana bakhe baya kufumana iinguqulelo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwengxaki, ngelixa i-50 ekhulwini zeentombi zayo ziza kudla iinguqu zenguqu kwaye zibe ngumqhubi.
Ukuxhatshazwa okuxhamle kwi-Y
Ngenxa yokuba yindoda kuphela ene-Y ye-chromosome, kuphela amadoda angathinteka kwaye adlulise izifo ezixhunywa yi-Y. Bonke oonyana bendoda ene-Y-disorder disorder baya kulidla ilifa evela kubaba.
Ukungaxhatshazi ngokuVumayo
Ngeengxaki zokuxhaswa kwe-autosomal, umntu ufuna iikopi ezimbini ze-gene-mutated-one from parent-to have a disorder.
Umntu onokuphela kopopasho uya kuba ngumphathiswa. Abathwali abayi kuphazamiseka nantoni na utshintsho okanye banayo impawu okanye iimpawu zesifo. Noko ke, banokudlula ukuguqulwa kwabantwana babo.
Ukuba ngaba bobabini abazali bathatha ukuguqulwa kwe-autosomal disorder, iingxaki zabantwana bazo abanezifo zilandelayo:
- Iingcipheko ezingama-25 zokuzuza iinguqu zombini kunye ne-disorder
- Iingcipheko ezingama-50 zokufumana iikopi enye kunye nokuba ngumthwali
- Iingcipheko ezingama-25 zeengeniso zokungabi nalifa kwiinguqu
Ngaphezu koko, ngamnye umntwana uya kuba nethuba elifanayo lokufumana ifa lomzimba.
Izifo eziMandla eziPhambili
Kwiingxaki eziphambili ze-autosomal, umntu ufuna kuphela ikopi enye yomgubo oguqulweyo ukuba abe nokuphuhlisa imeko. Amadoda nabesifazana banokuchaphazeleka ngokufanayo. Ngaphezu koko, abantwana bomntu onengxaki yokuzimela nge-autosomal abanomngcipheko wama-50 e-inherited disorder.
> Umthombo:
> ILebhu yeSizwe yeMathala ka-US: iiNational Institutes of Health. "Ukuba isifo somfuzo sihamba kwintsapho yam, yintoni amathuba okuba abantwana bam baya kuba nale meko?" I-Reference Reference Home. EBethesda, eMaryn; hlaziywa ngoNovemba 7, 2017.