Iingqungquthela ezenza okokuqala zisemlonyeni - iingqungqungquthela zentsimbi. I-saliva eveliswa yizi gulane iqukethe i-enzyme eqala ukugaya isitashi ukusuka ekutya ukuya kuma-molecule amancinci.
Isalathisi esilandelayo se-digestive glands isesitombeni esiswini. Zivelisa i-acid esiswini kunye ne-enzyme egalela iprotheni. Enye yeepuzzle ezingadululwanga zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya kutheni i-acid yesisu esisiswini ayichithanga izicubu zesisu ngokwazo.
Kwinkoliso yabantu, i-mucosa yesisu iyakwazi ukumelana nomso, nangona ukutya nezinye izicubu zomzimba azikwazi.
Emva kokuba isisu siphume umxube wokutya kunye nomso kumathumbu amancinci, amajusi amabini amalungu okutya adibanise kunye nokutya ukuqhubeka nenkqubo yokugaya. Elinye lala malungu yi-pancreas. Ivelisa ijusi equlethe i-enzyme ehlukeneyo yokunqumla i-carbohydrate, i-fat, kunye neprotheni ekudleni. Ezinye i-enzymes ezisebenzayo kwinkqubo zivela kwiingqungquthela eludongeni lwamathambo okanye nxalenye yolu donga.
Isibindi sivelisa enye ijusi yokugaya inyama. I-bile igcinwa phakathi kokutya kwi-gallbladder. Ngethuba lokutya, lifakwe kwi-gallbladder kwi-bin ducts ukufikelela emathunjini kunye nokuxuba namafutha ekudleni kwethu. I-bile yenza i-fat to dissolve the fat into the contents of the intestine, kufana ne-detergents echithisa i-grease kwi-pan.
Emva kokuba amanqamle aqhekeza, iguguzwa ngama-enzyme avela kwi-pancreas kunye nongxenyeni yamathumbu.
Yintoni eLawula iNkqubo yokuGaya?
Abalawuli beHormone
Inkalo ekhangayo kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya kukuba iqulethe zayo izilawuli. Iimodmoni ezinkulu ezilawula imisebenzi yenkqubo yokugaya inyama ziveliswa kwaye zikhutshwe ngamaseli kwi-mucosa yesisu nentlungu encinci.
La ma hormone akhululwa kwigazi lephepha lokugaya, abuyele entliziyweni kunye nemibhobho, aze abuyele kwinkqubo yokutya, apho avuselela i-juice yokugaya kunye nokubangela ukuhamba kwenqumrhu.
Amahomoni alawula ukugaya i-gastrin, secretin, kunye ne-cholecystokinin (CCK):
- I-Gastrin ibangela isisu ukuba sikhiqize i-asidi yokuchithwa kunye nokutya ukutya okunye. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwimbumba yesisu, intlungu encinci kunye nekholoni.
- I-Secretin ibangela ukuba i-pancreas ithumele ijusi yokugaya esisityebi kwi-bicarbonate. Ivuselela isisu ukuba ivelise i-pepsin, i-enzyme egalela iprotheni, kwaye ivuselela isibindi ukuba ivelise i-bile.
- I-CCK ibangela ukuba i-pancreas ikhule kwaye ivelise i-enzymes ye-pancreatic juice, kwaye ibangela ukuba i-gallbladder ingabi nalutho.
Iimodmoni ezongezelelweyo kwisistim sokutya zilawula ukutya:
- I-Ghrelin ikhiqizwa esiswini nasemathunjini angaphezulu ngokungabikho kokutya kwinkqubo yokutya kunye nokukhuthaza ukutya.
- I-Peptide YY ikhiqizwa kwiphepha le-GI ngokuphendula kwisidlo kwinkqubo kwaye inqanda ukutya.
Ezi zombini ihommoni zisebenza kwiingqondo ukunceda ukulawulwa kokutya kwamandla.
Abalawuli beMigudu
Iindidi ezimbini zeethambo zikunceda ukulawula isenzo senkqubo yokutya.
I-Extrinsic (ngaphandle) iimbulunga ziza kwizitho zokugaya ezivela kwingxenye engenangqondo yengqondo okanye kwi-spinal cord. Bakhulula ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine kwaye enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-adrenaline. I-Acetylcholine ibangela ukuba imisipha yamalungu omzimba afake ngamandla kunye nokunyusa "i-push" yokutya kunye nejusi ngokusebenzisa i-digestive tract. I-Acetylcholine nayo ibangela ukuba isisu kunye ne-pancreta zivelise ijusi enkulu yokutya. I-Adrenaline ibuyisela kwakhona isisu sesisu nesisu kwaye sinciphise ukuhamba kwegazi kulezi zitho.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, nangona kunjalo, iinjongo zangaphakathi (ngaphakathi), ezakha inethiwekhi eninzi kakhulu edibeneyo kwiindonga zesisu, isisu, intlungu encinci, kunye ne-colon.
Iimbilini zangaphakathi zibangelwa ukuba zenze xa iindonga zamalungu angenalutho zoluliwe ngokutya. Bakhulula izinto ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhawuleza okanye zilibazise ukunyakaza kokutya kunye nokuveliswa kweejusi ngamalungu okutya.
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