Iingxaki zeNgcaciso zeGazi zeGazi

Ingqwalasela yeengxaki zeNgcaciso zeMigodi yeGazi

Izifo ze-White white disorders ziquka inani elikhulu leengxaki ezichaphazela iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (WBC), enye yeentlobo zeentlobo zegazi.

• Amaseli egazini egazini abandakanyeka kakhulu ekulwa nokusuleleka kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ekuvukeleni.
• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zithwala i-oksijini emzimbeni.
• Iiplatelets zinceda ukuyeka ukuphuma kwamanzi.

Inani eliqhelekileyo lemihla ye-WBC ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-11 yezigidi zeeseli nganye ngeyure.

Olu hlobo luhluke ngokusekelwe kwilebhu osebenza ngayo igazi lakho. Iintsana ezisandul Olu luhlu luyehla kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi kwaye lufana neendawo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zobuntwana bonke. Ukuchasene namaseli obomvu (RBC), uluhlu oluqhelekileyo aluchaphazelekanga ngesini (indoda okanye ibhinqa). Nangona kunjalo, lichaphazelekayo ngokobuhlanga; kwizifundo zesizwe, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika banamaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-WBC ababala ngaphezu kweCaucasians.

• Ziziphi i-Monocytes?

• Yintoni Okufanele Uyazi Ngezigalelo Zasegazi ezimhlophe kunye noKhuseleko?

Izigaba zeengxaki zeNgcaciso zeMigodi yeGazi

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlukanisa izifo ze-WBC. Okokuqala, zinokuhlulwa ngezizathu: ezo zichaphazela ukuveliswa kweWBC (ezininzi okanye zimbalwa kakhulu) kunye nezinye ezichaphazela umsebenzi weWBC. Okwesibini, iingxaki ze-WBC zinokuhlulwa ngokweziphi uhlobo lwe-WBC oluchaphazelekayo. Kwezinye iziphazamiso zonke i-WBC ichaphazelekayo kodwa abanye bachaphazela kuphela uhlobo olulodwa. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu ze-WBC: i-neutrophils, elwa nokutheleleka kwe-bacteria; i-lymphocytes, elwa nokutheleleka kwe-virus; i-monocytes, elwa nokutheleleka kwefungal; i-eosinophil, ekulula ukulwa nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kwaye ibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni; kunye ne-basophil, ezibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni okuvuthayo.

Okwesithathu, ukukhathazeka kwe-WBC kunokuhlelwa njengobunobunzima okanye obubi. Uninzi lweengxaki ze-WBC ziyingozi.

Imigomo eSebenziseneyo ehambelana neengxaki zeNgcaciso zeGciwane leGazi

Ngokuqhelekileyo, uninzi lwahlobo olulodwa lwe-WBC luboniswe yi-ophile ekupheleni kwegama, kwaye ke bambalwa kakhulu uhlobo lweWBC olubizwa ngokuba yi -penia. Ezi zingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iWBC; i-leukocytosis yi-WBC count ngaphezu kwebala eliqhelekileyo, kwaye i-leukopenia yi-WBC count ngaphantsi kwebala eliqhelekileyo. Ezi zingasetyenziselwa ukuchaza ii-WBC ezithile ezifana ne-neutropenia (ne-neutrophils ezimbalwa) okanye i-basophilia (ezininzi ze-basophil).

Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zeeMhlophe zeGazi

• I-leukocytosis: iLeukocytosis yenyuka inani lamaseli egazi ezimhlophe. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zitsholongwane, imithi efana ne-prednisone, okanye i-leukemia.
• I-neutropenia ye-Autoimmune: I-neutropenia ngokuzenzekelayo iyenzeka xa umzimba uvelisa amanqindi ahlasela kwaye awonakalisa i-neutrophils.
• I-congenital neutropenia enamandla: Abantu abaneli meko bazalwa nge-neutropenia enesistim esecaleni kwintshintsho yezofuzo. Abantu abane-neutropenia enesisu esinezintsholongwane banokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane ze-bacterial.

• I-necropical ne-cyclic: Le neutropenia nayo ingenxa yokuguquka kwemfuyo, efana ne-neutropenia ekhulelwe yintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, i-neutropenia ayibonakali yonke imihla kodwa ngemijikelezo engangeentsuku ezingama-21.
• I-leukemia ngumhlaza weeseli ezivelisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwi-bone.
• Isifo esingasigxina se-granulomatous isifo apho iintlobo ezininzi ze-WBCs (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) azikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Iimeko ezizuze ilifa kunye neziphumo kwizifo ezininzi, ngokukodwa i-pneumonia kunye nama-abscesses.
• Ukunqongophala kwe-Leukocyte kwintlupheko apho amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe akakwazi ukufudukela kwiindawo zokusuleleka.

Iimpawu zoMngcipheko weeNgcini zeGazi

Iimpawu zeengxaki ze-WBC ziyahluka kakhulu kwiziseko. Abanye abantu abaneengxaki zeWBC abanakho naziphi iimpawu. Ezinye iimpawu zihambelana nokutheleleka kwaye ziquka:

• izifo eziqhelekileyo okanye eziqhelekileyo
• ukusuleleka kwiibhaktheriya ezingavamile, ii-virus okanye iifungus
• umkhuhlane
• emlonyeni izilonda
• Amathumba (ebizwa ngokuba ngamathumba)

• pneumonia

Ukuchonga ukuphazamiseka kweeNgcaciso zeGazi zeGazi

Ngokufanayo nezinye izifo zegazi, uvavanyo lokuqala oluqhelekileyo lwenziwe yi- akhawunti epheleleyo yegazi ( CBC ) , ngamanye amaxesha lo vavanyo luqhutywa ngenxa yokuba unesifo esipheleleyo okanye esingaqhelekanga okanye ngamanye amaxesha kubonakaliswe ngengozi xa iCBC ibanjwe i-labbs yonyaka. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyakukhangela utshintsho kuyo yonke inani le-WBC okanye inani le-WBC.

Emva kokuxilonga nge-WBC disorder, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza ekuqaliseni imbangela yalo. Ngamanye amaxesha imbangela yesikhashana, njengokwenyuka kwi-WBC count ngexesha lokusuleleka. Kule meko, iCBC iphindaphindiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zibuyele eziqhelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho unokucela i-blood smear. Igazi le-smear luvavanyo apho ixabiso elincinci legazi lifakwa kwilayidi yesilayidi, ngoko ugqirha unokuhlaziya iiseli zakho zegazi ngaphantsi kwe-microscope efuna ukungabikho okungabonakaliyo kwimeko yesifo sakho.

• Ziziphi i-Leycycyte i-Polymorphonary (i-PMNs)?

• Yintoni eyenza i-Eosinophilia?

Ukuba ufuna umsebenzi oqhubekayo, umniki-nkonzo wakho oyintloko unokukuthumela kwingcali. Iingxaki zeWBC zidlalwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwama-hematologists, oogqirha abaxhomekeke kwiingxaki zegazi, kunye ne-immunologists, oogqirha abaxhomekeke kwiingxaki zomzimba wokuzivikela. Ngenxa yokuba ii-WBC ziveliswa ngethambo lomnatha, umongo wesifo somfuyo unokufuneka ukuba uzalise umsebenzi.

Ukunyangwa kweengxaki zeNgcaciso zeMigodi yeGazi

Njengazo zizathu zeengxaki ze-WBC, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango. Amayeza asebenzisa i-antibiotics ukuphatha unyango oluqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-antibiotics ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela izifo. Ngokungafani neengxaki ezichaphazela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu okanye iiplatelet, ukumpontshelwa kwegazi kumhlophe akufaneki kusetyenziswe. Kukho amayeza angasetyenziselwa ukuvuselela imveliso yamaseli amhlophe kwi-bone yomnxeba ebizwa ngokuba yizinto zokukhula. Ukongezelela, ukutshintshwa kwe-cell stem kungasetyenziselwa unyango lwezokwelapha kwezinye zezi ngxaki.

ILizwi

Emva kokufunda unesifo somhlophe segazi, ungenwayika, ungaqiniseki ngekamva. Lo mvakalelo wendalo. Qiniseka ukuba uxoxela ukwesaba kwakho ngogqirha wakho. Nonke unokuza nesicwangciso sokujongana nale nkxalabo.

> Umthombo:

> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Cinezela O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). UWilliam Hematology (9th.). Imfundo yaseMcGraw-Hill.