Nangona isifo esingaqhelekanga, isifo sesikhathi esidala sihlala sibulalayo njengangaphambili
Yona nto imbono yesibetho se - bubonic yinto esidibanisa neMinyaka Yobumnyama xa izigidi zabantu bebulewe ekuvukeni kwe "Black Death" echithwa e-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu ngekhulu le-14. Njengesibhokhwe kunye nesifo sepholio, ininzi yethu yayicinga ukuba isibetho sasiyinto yeencwadi zeembali, ifowuni yeedrama zokugqoka.
Akunjalo, iingcali zokulawula izifo, eziye zaqala ukuvela kwakhona kwesi sifo kwiminyaka yamuva.
Ukuqala kokuqala okunjalo kwenzeka ngo-1994 eNdiya, eyabulala abantu abangama-56 kunye nezibhedlele ezingaphezu kwama-600. Ukususela ngoko, isibetho sachongwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwiDemocratic Republic of Congo (abafa ngo-65 ngo-2005), eMadagascar (abafa ngo-69 ngo-2014 kunye Ama-57 ngaphezulu ngo-2017), kunye neenxalenye ze-US (abafa abane kunye nezifo ezingama-16 ngo-2015).
Ekupheleni kukaJuni ka-2017, abantu abatsha baseMexico baseMexico babecatshulwa ngokuqinisekileyo nesibetho, bongeza kwi-600-plus infections ezilindeleke emhlabeni jikelele ekupheleni konyaka.
Ukuthunyelwa
Isibetho se-bubonic sisifo esichengayo esibangelwa yibhakteria iYersinia pestis . Esi sifo sithunyelwa ngukulunywa kwesilwanyana esinegciwane lesifo ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) esenza ikhaya laso kwiincinci ezincinci ezifana neenkizi, amagundane endle kunye nezikwele. Ngenxa yokuba ibhaktheriya ayinobungozi kwintambo, inesithuthi esipheleleyo esimele sithathwe ngqo kwizilwanyana ukuya kubantu .
Ukongezelela kwiincinci ezincinci ezifana ne-chipmunks kunye neenja ze-prairie, i- Yersinia pestis sele ifunyenwe kwizilwanyana ezincinci eziquka izilwanyana, i-opossum, i-coyotes zasendle, kunye neenja zasemakhaya kunye nekati ezidibana neentonga.
Iimpawu
Xa umntu enesifo sikaY. pestis , iibhaktheriya zihamba nge-lymphatic system kwaye ziphelela kwii-lymph nodes apho kubangela izibilini ezibuhlungu, ezibilisayo ezinjenge-buboes. Oku kwenzeka njalo kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kuhlengahlengiso kwaye kungahamba kunye:
- IChills
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Ukugqithisa kakhulu
- Ubuhlungu
- Ukuphefumula
- Iimfampu zomzimba
- Ukuvuthwa kwegazi
- I-Gangrene yezinzwane , iminwe, imilomo kunye neempumlo
- Ukuvulwa kwama-buboes avuvukileyo
- Ukuxhamla
Ngaphandle kwonyango, isibetho se-bubonic siya kubangela ukufa kuma-60 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini amatyala, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintsuku ezili-10.
Ezinye iifomu zeNgcawu
Indlela yesifo iyakwazi ukuhluka kubantu abane- Y. pestis. Esikhundleni sokuhamba kwi-insect kuluma kwi-lymph nodes, iibhaktheriya zingangena emzimbeni ngezinye iindlela kwaye zenze iqoqo leempawu ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kweendlela ezingaqhelekanga zesifo
- Isibetho se-pneumonic senzeke xa ibhaktheriya isasazeka kwimiphunga, ngokuqhelekileyo xa umntu osulelekileyo egqubuthela okanye ahlamba kwelinye. Ngethuba lingaqhelekanga, kuthathwa njengesimo esibi kakhulu sesibetho, esibangela ukuphuthuma ngokukhawuleza kwe-pneumonia, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye negazi okanye i-sputum, xa isishiywe ingaphendulwanga, isibetho se-pneumonic sinokuphelisa ukuphefumula nokuphefumula , ngokuqhelekileyo kungakapheli iiyure ezingama-36.
- Isifo se-Septicism senzeke xa iibhaktheriya zifumana indlela yazo ngqo kwigazi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhekeka okanye ukubola kwesikhumba. Yiyo uhlobo oluthathekayo lwesifo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo lubugwenxa. Iimpawu zifana neyobetho ye-bubonic kodwa ingaquka ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Ukufa akuphepheki ukuba unyango aluhambiswanga kwiiyure ezingama-24.
Ukuxilongwa kunye noTyango
Isibetho se-Bubonic sithathwa ngokuba yi-laboratory cultures kwi-sputum, igazi, umthambo wamanzi, okanye i-lymph nodes. Kwiindawo zehlabathi apho isibetho sibonakala ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-dipstick luyakwazi ukuchonga ama-antigen angaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-15.
Ngenxa yobunzima bekliniki yesifo, oogqirha baya kuqala ukuqala unyango ngokulindile ngelixa balindele iziphumo zebhu. Eyona ndlela, unyango kufuneka luqaliswe kwiiyure ezingama-24, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela ye-antibiotics e-intravenous efana ne-streptomycin, i-doxycycline, okanye i-tetracycline. Ukuba uphathwe ngendlela efike ngexesha, iirhafu zokusinda zinokuqala ukusuka kuma-85 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-99 ekhulwini.
Thintelo
Isibalulekileyo sokuthintela isibetho se-bubonic kukukhuselwa kwamagundane okanye nasiphi na isilwanyana sasendle esingakwazi ukuthwala iintambo. Kwakhona kufuna ukuba ugcine impahla yakho kwizinto ezityelela izilwanyana, njengezikhusi ezivulekileyo okanye izitiya ezingenagqabi.
Ukongezelela, ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho izikhuhlane ezifayo ziqhelekileyo:
- Sebenzisa i-bug spelent sprayent xa uphandle kwaye ugqoke ibhulukhwe kunye neebhotile.
- Musa ukuphatha izilwanyana ezigulayo okanye ezifileyo. Ukuba kufuneka, unxibe iiglavu ezinzima.
- Gcina iimfuyo zakho ngaphakathi okanye uzinikezele iikholeji zentambo.
- Ukuphelisa iifayile ukusuka ekhaya lakho.
Ukuba uhamba kwiindawo zehlabathi apho kuqhutywe khona ukuqhuma (iMadagascar, iPeru, iDemocratic Republic of Congo), khangela iingcebiso zokuhamba ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwaye uvelise ininzi ye-insect repellent ene-80% ye-DEET. Okwangoku akukho sitofu sokukhusela isibetho se-bubonic.
Isibetho sisinye sezifo ezithintekayo eziye zabulawa ngokutsha kodwa ziyakwazi ukuphathwa. Ngelixa lingaqabile, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela oku okanye nayiphi na izifo ezikhuselekileyo, nokuba yi-typhus, i-tapeworm, okanye isifo seLyme .
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "Isibetho: Izixhobo zeKlinikhi." Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoOktobha 15, 2015.
> I- New York Times. "Isibetho sitholakala eNew Mexico." Juni 27, 2017.
> Sebbane, F .; Jarrett, C .; Gardener, D .; okqhubekayo. "Indima ye- Yersinia pestis plasminogen activator kwiziganeko zeendlela ezihlukeneyo zezilwanyana kunye ne-bubonic yezifo ezithwala izikhukhula." PNAS. 2006; 103 (14); 5526-5530.