I-PTSD Inokuthi ikhokele kwii-nightmares, Insomnia
Iimpawu zokuqala ezinxulumene nengxaki yokuxinzelela emva kokukhathazeka (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (i-PTSD) inokubangelwa ngumcimbi ophazamisayo, kodwa umphumo unokuhlala ixesha elide kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka. Imiphumo ye-PTSD ebuthongweni ingaba yinto enzulu, kwaye ibangelwa ukungazinzi ukulala . Yintoni i-PTSD? I-PTSD ithinte njani ukulala? Funda malunga nale meko kunye nezinye iindlela zokonyango.
Yintoni i-PTSD?
I-post-traumatic disorder disorder (PTSD) imeko yengqondo eqala emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu kwaye ibonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, okungafunekiyo ngamava kweso siganeko. Iimvakalelo eziqhelekileyo ezenzekayo ekuphenduleni ixinzelelo-kuquka ukwesaba, ukungenakunceda, kunye nokuxhalaba-kunokuqhubeka kunye nokukhokelela kwimiphumo engafunekiyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyamezela okubangelwa yi-PTSD kuya kuba yinto enoba phantse nabani na oya kuba nakho bekuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Kusenokuba sisongelo lobomi, njengokuhlaselwa ngogonyamelo kunye nokulimala, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo, okanye ingozi enkulu yemoto. Kwezinye iimeko, isiganeko sinokuthi ngokukhawuleza ukuguqula ubomi ngendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengokufa ngokukhawuleza komntu othandekayo. Iziganeko ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ezifana nokuvezwa kwingozi kwimpi yempi okanye ubundlobongela basekhaya.
Ngenxa yolu bungozi, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nexhala, iingcinga eziphindaphindiweyo malunga nesiganeko, kunye nokulala.
Oku kungadlulela iintsuku eziliqela emva kwesiganeko sokuqala. Ngamanye amaxesha iimvakalelo ziqhubeka, nangona kunjalo. Ukuba iimpawu zibangela ukukhubazeka kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokukwazi ukuya emsebenzini nokunyamekela intsapho yakho, kunye neemvakalelo ezingenangqondo okanye iingxaki zememori (into ebizwa ngokuba yi-dissociation), kunokuthiwa yi-disorder stress disorder.
Ngamaxesha amaninzi le miqondiso iya kunciphisa iiveki. Ukuba bahlala, njengokuba benza ngo-10-30% wabantu emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu, ukungabikho komsebenzi kunye noxinzelelo kunokufunyanwa njengePTSD.
Iimpawu ze-PTSD zihlelwe ngamacandelo amathathu: amava kwakhona, ukuphepha nokuxhatshazwa. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukufumana kwakhona iimpawu : izikhumbuzo, imifanekiso, iingcamango, iingcamango, amaphupha, ubusuku, ukuzithemba, ukukhohlisa, ukucoca, okanye iifowuni.
- Ukuphepheka iimpawu : ukuphepha ukukhumbuzwa kweengxaki, kuquka iingcamango, iimvakalelo, iingxoxo, imisebenzi, indawo, abantu, i-detachment, israngement.
- Izimpawu ezingenangqondo : ukulala, ukuthukuthela, ukuvutha komsindo, ubunzima bokugxila, ukunyanzeliswa, okanye ukunyuka kwempendulo.
Ukuba le miqondiso idlulileyo kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3, ithathwa njenge-PTSD enzima. Xa behlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu, babonwa njengePTSD engapheliyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-PTSD ichaphazela abantu aba-7-8% ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Kubakho kabini rhoqo kubasetyhini, ikakhulukazi kwimeko yobundlobongela basekhaya kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthinta abo bavelele ukulwa neemeko. Ingaba kunye nokudandatheka.
Iimpembelelo ze-PTSD kwi-Sleep zibandakanya ama-Nightmares, Insomnia
Kukho imiphumo ecacileyo ye-PTSD yokulala.
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abangama-70% abane-PTSD balele izikhalazo, ngokusoloko belele ukulala nokulala.
Iziphazamiso ezenzeka ngexesha lokulala zidla ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu ezingundoqo zePTSD. Ukuxhatshazwa okwenzekayo kunokubangela ukugqithisa okukhulu kunye neparanoia. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unesaba ukuhlaselwa ebuthongweni bakho, ungalala ngokulula kwaye uqaphele yonke into eyenziwa endlwini ebusuku. Olu xhaphalo lunokubangela ukuba uhlale ulele. Inokuthi idibaniswe nokulala nokulala .
I-PTSD inokubangela ukuba i-flashbacks ne nightmares. Ezi ziqendu ziquka ukuhlaselwa kwesi siganeko esibuhlungu.
Ziyakwazi ngokucacileyo, kwaye kaninzi ziyakhumbula xa zivusa. Zingakhokelela ekuhambeni okanye kwizenzo ngexesha lokulala kunye nokuguquka kokuvuka. Oku kungakhokelela ekuziphatheni okunobundlobongela okanye kwingozi. Kukho ukulala. Ukongezelela, iilucucinations ngexesha lokutshintshwa okanye ukusuka ebuthongweni zenzeka.
Abantu abaninzi abane-PTSD basebenzisa utywala ukuze banyamezele ubunzima babo. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka ukuphefumula ngexesha lokulala, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala njengokuba i- apnea yokulala .
Xa ukulala kwabantu abane-PTSD kuhlolwa kwi-laboratory yokulala, azikho izinto ezingavumelekanga. Kukho ukunyuka okunyukayo, ukuphefumula okuphazamiseka kokulala, okanye ukuhlukana kokulala kwe- REM , kodwa ukufunyaniswa akuhambelani kwaye kufundwa ngakumbi.
Unyango lweengxaki zokulala kwi-PTSD
Kukho unyango olululo olukhoyo kwiimpawu ze-PTSD, kuquka nemiphumo yokulala. Ezi zingabandakanya imishanguzo kunye neyeza.
Njengenxalenye yale nto, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyanga naziphi na ezinye izimo zengqondo. Ezi ziquka ukuxinezeleka, uxhalaba, ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Amachiza aphumelelayo kule ngxaki ingaquka i-serotonin ekhethiweyo i-reuptake inhibitors (i-sertraline, i-paroxetine), i-tricyclic anti-depressants kunye ne-monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Uncedo ngokukhethekileyo unyango lwezobungozi ezinxulumene nePTSD yi prazosin . Ukongezelela, amayeza afana ne-olanzapine, risperidone, kunye netiapapine angasetyenziswa.
Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamachiza, i-psychotherapy kunye nengcali yengqondo okanye isifo sengqondo ngumsebenzi oyintloko okanye oncedisayo.
ILizwi
Ukuba ufumana ubunzima beengxaki zokulala ezihambelana ne-PTSD, kufuneka uthethe nodokotela wakho malunga neendlela zokonyango. Ngokucacileyo akusiyo imeko yokuba kufuneka uhlupheke kunye nawe.
Imithombo:
"Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM-IV)." Inkcazo ye-Psychiatric yaseMelika , umxholo we-4, ngo-1994.
Kryger, MH et al . "Imigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kweMithi yokulala." I-ExpertConsult , i-5th edition, 2011, iphe. 1481-1483.