Ngaba iziguli zifumana imali yazo?
Ukuba unentlungu ebuhlungu , useninzi. Uqikelelo luyahlukahluka, kodwa malunga nama-60% ukuya kuma-80% athoba ubuncinane buhlungu buhlungu ngexesha elithile ebomini bethu. Ngo-2007 kuphela, malunga nama-27 yezigidi zabantu base-US abaneminyaka engama-18 okanye ngaphezulu (11% wabantu abadala abadala) babika ukuba babe nentlungu, emva kwe-Arhente yoPhando lwezeMpilo kunye neMigangatho. Phantse i-70% yabantu - i-19.1 yezigidi-zifuna unyango ngugqirha , i-agency ithi.
Kwakhona kuthiwa abafazi abaninzi (10.9 yezigidi) bafumana unyango lwezobuhlungu ngenxa yeentlungu zabo emva koonyana (8.2 yezigidi).
Amanqanaba okubaluleka kweentlungu zentlungu angabakho kwiintlungu ezilula kunye neentlungu ezinxulumene nokuphila kunye nokulimala okunokufa okuchaphazela intambo yomgogodla. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba uninzi lwexesha, ubuhlungu bentlungu buya kuphumelela (mhlawumbi ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokuthe ngqo) ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni umzimba , unyango olulondolozayo kunye nezinye iindlela zokwelapha .
Izinto zobungozi
Intlungu yokubuya iyakwenzeka phantse nayiphi na ixesha ngexesha lokuphila. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba abantwana basengozini, abasebenzi basengozini, kwaye abantu abakhutheleyo phakathi kweminyaka engama-35 no-55 basengozini. Abantu abadala kunye nabantu asebekhulile banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuwa, okungabangela ukukhubeka kwentamo . Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-genetics ingadlala indima ekuhlahliseni i-disc , nto leyo ibangela ukuba buhlungu.
Nangona kungekho nkcazo ecacileyo yomntu onenkathazo yangemva, uphando olwenziwe ngo-2008 kwiNgxelo ye-American Medical Association luchaze iqondo eliphezulu leengxaki zomgudu phakathi kwabafazi abamhlophe kunye ne-inshurensi kawonkewonke.
Abantu abathile kweli qela babonisa ukuthambekela okukhulu kuncinci ixesha elifutshane lokungabikho kwemisebenzi, bekhulile, kwaye batshatile okanye bebudlelane.
Iindleko ezipheleleyo
Intlungu ebuyela emva yenye yezona nkxwaleko zempilo ezinzima kakhulu, nangona imithombo ihluke ngokubhekiselele apho ihamba khona ngokumalunga nezinye iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo, umhlaza, isifo sikashukela, kunye nesifo samathambo.
Ngokutsho kwe-AHRQ, ngowama-2007 i-$ 30.3 yeebhiliyoni yahlawulwa kubaboneleli, njengogqirha, oogqirha bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nabanye, kunye nee-pharmacy. I- Journal ye-American Medical Association ibika ukuba iindleko zokunakekela umlenze zafikelela kuma-85.9 billion ngonyaka ka-2005.
Kodwa unyango lwentlambo luyinxalenye ye-2.2 billion yezigidi zezempilo. Nangona iindleko zazingaphezulu (ngokugqithiseleyo, kwimbono yam), iingxelo ze-AHRQ zimelela kuphela i-3% yeendleko zonyango ngokupheleleyo kwi-US ngo-2007. I- Journal ye-American Medical Association ithi ukuvalelwa kweentlungu ezisezantsi (kubodwa) kubakho 2% bonke abatyelele ngo-2005.
Umyinge weNdleko yoMntu ngamnye
Uphando lwe-2008 oluchazwe yiNcwadi ye-American Medical Association ekhankanywe ngentla yabuza abantu abangaba ngu-23,000 kunye nangaphandle kwemingcipheko yesantya malunga neendleko zabo zonyango. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba, ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abaneengxaki zomva okanye zentamo bachitha imali engama-6,090 ngo-2005, ngelixa i-spine yabo enempilo ibe ngama-3,056 angama-3,056 ngonyaka. I-AHRQ ibika ukuba ngamnye ngonyaka ngo-2007, iindleko zonyango lwentlanti zilinganiselwa kuma-1500- $ 1600 ngomntu ngamnye.
Ubuninzi bexesha, i-AHRQ ithi, iintlawulo zeeofisi zokutyelela kunye neyeza zidibene kunye ne-inshuwaleni yabucala (45.2%).
Kodwa i-Medicare ikhankanywe ngama-23% kwaye wena, umthengi wezempilo, uhlawule malunga ne-16,8% yeendleko zonyango lwakho ngendlela yeendleko ze-out-of-pocket.
Kwakhona, abantu baseMerika bachitha imali engama-dollar ayi-7 kwiipokotshi zabo zonyango kwiyeza zonyango ngo-2007. Qaphela: Le nombolo yafika ngokubala iipesenti zeendleko ezipheleleyo (i-$ 33.9 yezigidigidi) ezisetyenziselwa i-CAM ngenxa yentlungu yangemva (17.1%) nentlungu yentamo (5.9%), ngokusekelwe kwimiba enikezelwe yiziko leSizwe leNgcaciso yeeMvavanyo (Alternative and Alternative Medicine website) (NCCAM).
Ukusebenza kweNyango
Mhlawumbi into ephazamisayo ngaphezu kweendleko eziphezulu zokunyamekela kukuba iindleko zonyango ziye zaphakama kwiminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokuphucula okufanayo kwimpilo yobomi bathengi.
Ngokutsho kwe-AHRQ, iindleko ezidibeneyo zokubandezeleka kwangemuva ziye zaphindwa kabini ukusuka ngo-2004, kwaye uphando lwe- Journal of the American Medical Association lufumene ukuba iindleko zentlawulo yentamo kunye ne-back care zonyuka ngama-65% phakathi kuka-1997 no-2005.
Nangona iindleko zokunakekelwa kwangemva kwenyuka ngokukhawuleza kunokunyuka ngokubanzi kwiindleko zonyango kwixesha elifanayo (kunye nokwanda okunyanisekileyo kwenani labantu abafuna unyango ngenxa yentlungu yabo yangemva), uphando alufumananga "ukuxabiseka" kwezempilo kwimpumelelo phendula. (Abaphandi bacela abaphenduli ukuba bahlole izinga labo lempilo, babuze imibuzo malunga nokukhubazeka, ukusebenza, ukunciphisa umsebenzi kunye neendima zentlalo.)
Ngoko yintoni enye imali eyongezelelweyo eya kuyo? Amachiza aphakamisa uludwe, alandelwe ukutyelela iofisi. Abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba "ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwamachiza amatsha kungabangela i-akhawunti yezinye zonyuka." Amachiza amatsha afaka i-gabapentin, i- fentanyl , kunye ne-oxycodone yokukhululwa ngexesha. Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba emva ko-2003, xa i-COX-2 inhibitors ithatyathwe kwiimakethi, ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zentlungu yeengxaki zentlungu ngenxa yobuhlungu bentlungu.
Imithombo:
UMartin, B., Deyo, RA, kunye. al. Iindleko zoNyaka zoNgezelelo kunye neMeko yezeMpilo phakathi kwabantu abadala abaneengxaki ze-Back and neck. JAMA. 2008; 299 (6): 656-664.
Isiko leSizwe soMthelela oPheleleyo kunye noNyango. Ukusetyenziswa kweMithi eQinisekisiweyo kunye noNyango eMelika: IiNkcukacha zeNdleko.
Soni, A. PhD. Emuva Iingxaki: Ukusetyenziswa kunye neendleko zabantu base-US Abantu abadala , 2007. Inkcazo yeSatisati # 289. Uphando lwePhaneli yeNkcitho. I-Arhente yoPhando lwezeMpilo kunye neMigangatho.