Impembelelo Yokulimala kwiZiko loNxibelelwano lweBrain
Ingqondo iqule isandiso esinjenge-stem-esisiseko seengqondo ezidibanisa ingqondo kumgca wesipelini. Isebenza njengeziko loqhagamshelwano lobuchopho kwaye lidibanisa apho iziphumo zombane zombuso zithunyelwa kuzo zonke iinxalenye zomzimba.
I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ibonakaliswe ngokubunjwa kwezilonda (ezikwaziwa nangokuthi iiplates) kwiindawo zesistim se-nervous central.
Ngokuxhomekeka apho iiplati zikhona khona, ukuhanjiswa kweentsimbi kungaphazanyiswa, kubangele uluhlu lweempawu ze-neurological ezinxulumene nazo ne-MS.
Indlela isicinga seBongo esisebenza ngayo
Cinga ngobuchopho buba njenge-terminal control kwi-network network enkulu. Njengoko imilayezo ithunyelwa ukusuka kwingqondo, idlula ebuchosheni ihamba ngesimo seempembelelo zombane. Kulapha ukuba iimpembelelo zijoliswe kwisithuba ngasinye-esibizwa ngokuba yi-medulla oblongata, iipon, kunye ne-midbrain-nganye ejongene nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi ethile yokuzimela (yokuzibandakanya) kunye neyomsebenzi wokuzimela.
Ukusuka kule ngqungquthela, iimpembelelo zihanjiswe kumgca wesipelingi ngethungelwano lweeseli zesisindo, ezaziwa njenge-neurons. I-neuron nganye idibanisene nefayili efana nentambo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-axons, ehambisa umyalezo osasazwayo kwimoto ethile okanye kwinkqubo yeenzwa.
Icandelo leSonga soBongo
Ingqondo ihamba, ngelixa encinci, isebenza ngenjongo enkulu.
Inoxanduva lokuqhuba zonke iinkcukacha ezisuka kwi-cerebrum (inxalenye eyintloko yengqondo) kunye ne-cerebellum (edlalwa ngokuba yi "mini-brain") kuwo wonke umzimba. Iqulethe i-10 yeentsholongwane ezi-12, ezaziwa njenge-cranium nervo, ukuba inkonzo intloko, ubuso kunye nezitho zangaphakathi. Ukongezelela koko, ilawula iindlela ezisisiseko zokuphila kunye neengqondo ezifunekayo ukuba sisebenze size siphile.
Ingqungquthela yengqondo idilizwe kwiindawo ezintathu:
- I-medulla oblongata, ekhoyo kwingxenyana engezantsi yengqondo yakho, iyona nto iphambili ekulawuleni izinga lentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ikwadibanisa iingcamango ezingenakuzibandakanya ezifana nokukhwehlela, ukukrazula nokuhlanza.
- Iiponsi zihlala kwindawo ephakathi kwengqondo kwaye zijongene nokulawula ukuphefumula nokulala kwangqongqo. Kwakhona kubandakanyeka kwiingcamango ezinxulumene nokuva, ukunambitha kunye nokulinganisela.
- I-midbrain, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mesencephalon, ifumaneka esiphelweni esiphezulu sobuchopho kwaye ixanduva lokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane ekubambeni ukubona, isandi kunye nokunyakaza komzimba. Ikwalawula kwakhona imisebenzi yokuzimela njenge-digestion, rate rate yenhliziyo, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuphefumla.
Ukongezelela, kule mimandla emithathu yinkonzo eninzi yendlela yokutya, ebizwa ngokuba yinto ebonakalayo , elawula iqondo lakho jikelele.
I-MS ithinta njani isiqongo seBongo
Nangona imbangela ye-multiple sclerosis ayikho into ecacileyo, ikholelwa ukuba yinto eyimimandla ye- immune (apho amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba ahlaselwa ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsholongwane ezinempilo) okanye ingxaki yomzimba (apho ukuvuvukala kumphendula omzimba ongaqhelekanga kubangela umonakalo wamaselula).
Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, i-MS ithathwa njengesifo sokudemelerative esithintela ingubo yokukhusela i-neurons, ebizwa ngokuba ngumthi weselin.
Xa oko kwenzeka, i-neurons iqalisa ukungasebenzi xa iimizila zokunxibelelana phakathi kweeseli ziphazamiseka. Umonakalo oqhubekayo obangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwemimoya kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweethambo zesibindi ngendlela yeeplates.
Iimpawu zoBungozi bokuSimaza
Iiplaca ziyakhula naphi na kwinkqubo yesistim ephakathi, kodwa xa zenza njalo kwingqondo, ziyaba neyiphi na imithwalo yemisebenzi. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukukhubazeka kombono, kubandakanywa imbono kabini okanye ukunyuka kwamehlo
- Ukukhubazeka kweMoto, kuquka ukulahlekelwa kwemoto okanye ubunzima besitho
- Ukuvalelwa kokungahambi kakuhle, kuquka ukungavumi, ukunyamezela, okanye ukunyamezela kwengxolo
- Ukungaphumeleli kwentetho, kubandakanywa intetho ekhethiweyo kunye neendlela zokuthetha ezingaqhelekanga
- Ukulahleka kweentlungu, kuquka ukunambitha, ukuvumba, okanye ukunyuselwa kwesikhumba
- Ukulahlekelwa kwe-balance okanye vertigo
- Ukulahleka kokuhamba kakuhle, kuquka nokubhala okanye ukuthayipha izakhono
- Impendulo engaqhelekanga yemvakalelo, kuquka ukukhala okungalunganga okanye ukuhleka
- Ukuqhawula iingxaki, kubandakanya ukukhahlela, ukukhwehlela, okanye ukukhahlela
Ubuninzi bokubandakanyeka kweplate kanokuthi lufumaneke ukuba lunokukhangela imifanekiso ye-resonance imaging (MRI) . Nangona ukuguqulwa komonakalo wamantongeni kunzima, uphando luqalise ukubonisa isithembiso ekukhuthazeni ukulungiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwamagciwane omzimba, ukuguqulwa kweeseli zentsholongwane kunye neenjengezilwanyana ezikhuselekileyo.
> Umthombo:
> Lublin, F .; Reingold, S .; Cohen, J. et al. "Ukuchaza inkcazo yeklinikhi ye-multiple sclerosis: Iinguqulelo ze-2013." Neurology. 2014; 83 (3): 278-286.