I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (i-MRI) isele ibe luncedo ekufumaneni iingxaki zobomi, umgudu, iziqu kunye nezinye izitho ezimileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yamasu amasha, i-MRI ibonisa ukuba luncedo kakhulu ekuhloleni iziganeko ezihambayo-intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi enkulu.
Yintoni i-MRI?
I-MRI yindlela yokucinga eyenza inzuzo yokuba i-nuclei ethile ye-atomic (kulo mzekelo, iproton enye eyenza i-nucleus ye-athomu ye-hydrogen) iya kududuza, okanye "idibanise," xa ibonakaliswa kukugqithisa kwamandla kagesi.
Xa i-hydrogen nuclei resonate ekuphenduleni utshintsho kwintsimi ye-magnetic, ikhupha amandla ombane. Umshini weMRI ufumanisa amandla okuphuma, kwaye uguqula umfanekiso.
I-Hydrogen nuclei zisetyenziselwa ukuba i-athomu ye-hydrogen ikhona kwiimlekyuli zamanzi (H2O), kwaye ngoko ikhona kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba. Imifanekiso efunyenwe yi-MRI ukuskena ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye icacisiwe. Ngemishini ye-MRI yangoku, ezi mifanekiso ziveliswa njengezi-3-D izilinganiso.
Kwaye emva kokuba umfanekiso wesithathu we-M-D ufunyenwe ukuba umfanekiso "unokucocwa" kwaye uhlolisiswe ngokubanzi, nakweyiphi na indiza, phantse ukwenza utyando lokuhlola kwikhompyutha.
Ukwahlukana okufihlakeleyo kuma-athomu e-hydrogen phakathi kweendawo ezahlukileyo zeengxube zengxube-mveliso ezibangelwa, ngokukodwa, ngokwahlukileyo kwimizila yegazi okanye ekusebenzeni kwezicubu - ukukhupha amanani ahlukeneyo yamandla. Ulwahlulo lwamandla lunokumelwa ngemibala eyahlukileyo kwimbonakalo ye-MRI.
Ngoko, umzekelo, i-MRI inikezela iindlela zokufumana iindawo zentliziyo yesifo esingahambi kakuhle (njenge- coronary disease disease - CAD ) okanye eyonakaliswe (njengokwi- infyoction ye-myocardial ).
Yintoni enokuyenza i-Cardiac MRI namhlanje?
Ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwezobuchwepheshe, i-MRI iye yaba luncedo kakhulu ekuphononongweni kweemeko ezininzi zeengqondo.
Uphuhliso oluye lwaphucula ngokukhethekileyo i-MRI ye-cardiac luye lwaba buchule bokukhangela, okuphelisa ubuninzi bezinto ezibangelwa ukunyakaza kwenhliziyo; kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-gadolinium, i-ejenti eyahlukileyo ejoyiweyo egazini, eyanceda iMRI ukwahlula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeethambo kwiintliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
I-MRI isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo namhlanje ukuphonononga le miqathango ilandelayo:
Izifo ze-Aortic: Ngenxa yemifanekiso echanekileyo eneenkcukacha ezinokuthi zenziwe, i-MRI iguqule ukuhlaziywa kwezifo ze-aorta. Ezi ziquka i- aortic aneurysm , i- dissection ye-aortiki , kunye ne- coarctation . Ukukhishwa kwe-MRI kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kuyimfuneko efunekayo ekukulungiseni ukulungiswa kweziphazamiso ze-aorta.
Izifo zeMyocardial: i- MRI inokukunceda ukuchaza ubunjani kunye nobukhulu bezifo zesisu senhliziyo (i-myocardium), njenge- cardiomyopathy . Unokukunceda ukuba i-myocardial isifo sibangelwa yi- ischemia , ukuvuvukala, i-fibrosis, okanye enye inqubo efana ne- amyloid okanye i- sarcoid . I-MRI inokukunceda ukuvavanya ubungakanani kunye nobume be- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
Ukusetyenziswa komnye we-MRI yomzimba ofumana ukuxhamla kwindlela yokuvavanya "ingozi ye-myocardium," isifo senhliziyo esichaphazelekayo sisifo se-artery esibukeka siswelekile, kodwa sinokukwazi ukubuyisela umsebenzi wayo emva kokuhlinzwa kwangaphambili.
I-Cardiovascular Impairmentality: I- MRI ingayifumana kwaye ibonakalise isisu esingavamile senhliziyo. Kwaye kubantwana abaneentsholongwane zentliziyo yesifo senhliziyo, i-MRI inokukunceda ukuchonga nokuhlenga iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokucwangcisa iindlela zokugula ezinokuthi zonyango.
Izifo eziPericardial. I-MRI inokukunceda ukulinganisa ubukhulu be- pericardial effusion , nokuvavanya i -pericarditis engqongqo .
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elizayo lweMRI yeCardiac
Izifundo ezininzi zezifundo ze-MRI zifundwayo ekugqibeleni zimele ziphucule ukusetyenziswa kwalolu cwangciso nangakumbi.
Ezi ziquka:
- Ukufumana isifo se-coronary syndrome (ACS) . I-MRI inako ukukunceda ngokukhawuleza ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-ACS xa umntu enentlungu yesifuba, ukwenzela ukuba unyango luqale ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuchonga i-coronary artery blockages. Ukusebenzisa i-MRI ukujonga ngokuthe ngqondweni imiraro ye-coronary inokwenzeka, kodwa kukho imida emininzi evimbela ukusetyenziswa kwayo rhoqo namhlanje. I-MRI ichanile ngokuchanekileyo ekufumaneni izibhengezo kwiindawo ezininzi zeemithariyali ze-coronary, kodwa ilahleke okanye i-diagnostic blockages kumacandelo amancinci. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha buphantsi kophuhliso olufanele ukuphucula esi siphumo.
- Ukuchonga i- cardiac syndrome X (i-microvascular disease coronary disease) . I-MRI isetyenzisiwe ukufumanisa ukuhamba kwegazi okungavumelekanga kwiindawo zesifo senhliziyo, nangona kungabikho "i-CAD" eqhelekileyo. Oku kufunyanwa kunika ubungqina obunenjongo yokuba i-heart syndrome x ikhona.
Ziziphi iingenelo zeMRI?
- I-MRI inakho ukubeka endaweni enye ubuncinane iimvavanyo zengqondo: i- echocardiogram , i- scan ye-MUGA , i- thallium scan , kunye ne-diagnostic heart catheterization .
- I-MRI ayifaki ukutyhila isigulane ukuba ionizing (ingozi ingozi) imisebe.
- Imifanekiso eveliswa yi-MRI iyazaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo, icaciswe kwaye ichanekile-kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye iimvavanyo zengqondo.
Ziziphi Iingxaki zeMRI?
- Ukufakwa kwi-scanner ye-MRI kunokunyusa i-claustrophobia ebalulekileyo malunga ne-5% yezigulane.
- Kunzima ukugada izigulane ngelixa zisemkhatsini we-MRI - umzekelo, i- ECG iphosakele kakhulu - ngoko le ndlela ayifanelekanga kwizigulane ezigula kakhulu.
- Izigulane ngeendlela ezithile zonyango ezifana ne- pacemakers , i- defibrillators ezingenakunyuswa kunye nezinye iigraves zenhliziyo ezingenakukwazi ukukwazi ukufumana i-MRI ngokukhuselekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yamuva i-pacemakers iphuhlisiwe evumela i-MRI ukuskena.
- Umfanekiso we-MRI uphazamiseka ngetsimbi, ngoko umfanekiso unakho ukuxhomekeka kwizigulane ezinomtshini ogqityiweyo okanye umgca, umzekelo.
- I-teknoloji ye-MRI iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibiza. Ukuze i-MRI ibe phantsi kokusetyenziswa okubanzi, iindleko ziya kufuneka zihle kakhulu.
Imithombo:
Lima, JA, Desai, MY. Imifanekiso ye-cardiovascular magnetic imagination: izicelo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhulayo. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1164.
Kramer CM, Barkhausen J, Flamm SD, et al. Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-cartovastic magnetic refontic imaging (CMR), uluntu olwenzela i-caronvascular magnetic resonance: ibhodi ye-trustees iqela elisebenza kwiimigaqo-nkqubo eziqhelekileyo. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008; 10:35.
Ikholeji yaseMerika yeCardiology Foundation Task Force kwiNgcali yokuBonisana nemiqulu, iHundley WG, iBluemke DA, et al. I-ACCF / ACR / AHA / NASCI / SCMR 2010 uxwebhu lwentsebenzo yolwazi malunga nesifo senhliziyo esisifo senhliziyo: ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force kwi-Expert Consensus Documents. Ukuhamba ngo-2010; 121: 2462.