Xa iintsana zizalwa zineendlebe enye
I-Microtia yintlungu yokuzalwa yentlebe yomntwana. Kuyenzeka xa indlebe yangaphandle incinci kwaye ingabi yindlebe evamile kumntwana emva kweveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ekuqaleni ingxaki ivela xa umntwana esesibelethweni, kunzima kakhulu ukukhubazeka. Intloko yokunene ichaphazeleka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuneendlebe ezisekhohlo okanye zombini iindlebe.
Inye kwabafundi abahlanu kubantwana abayi-10 000 abazalwayo bane-microtia.
Ichaphazela amadoda ngaphezu kwamabhinqa kwaye eqhelekileyo kuma-Asian nase-Hispanics kunamaCaucasians kunye nama-Afrika aseMelika. Isiganeko esona siphezulu sikhona phakathi kwesizwe saseNavajo samaMerika aseMerika. Noko ke, oogqirha bePlastiki, banokuyilungisa le ngxaki.
Izizathu
Akukho mntu owaziyo isizathu esicacileyo sokuba i-microtia ivele. Kwezinye iimeko, i-genetics ixanduva, mhlawumbi ngenxa yeenguqu kwijeni okanye ngenxa yokungaqhelekanga kwisifo esisodwa esisenza i-genetic syndrome. Ezinye iziyobisi, ezifana ne- Accutane (isotretinoin) ezithathiweyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-fetus, kunye neemeko zendalo yilezo zonke izizathu ezibangelwa i-microtia.
Ezinye izinto eziphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nosana kunye ne-microtia ziquka isifo sikashukela kunye nesondlo sokubeleka, ngokutsho kwamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention of Disease. Ngokukodwa, ukuba umfazi unesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, unomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomntwana kunye ne-microtia xa kuthelekiswa nomfazi ongenaso iswekile.
Ukongezelela, abafazi abakhulelweyo abadla ukutya okuphantsi kwe-carbohydrates kunye ne-folic acid banokunyusa umngcipheko wabo wokutshiza umntwana kunye ne-microtia.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
I-Microtia inokuthatha kwiifom ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha isikhomba sesikhumba singabakho apho indlebe kufuneka ibe khona. Ngamanye amaxesha inxalenye yeendlebe ezisezantsi ikhona, kodwa indlebe ephezulu ayikho.
Ifom ephezulu kakhulu xa iindlebe zangaphandle zilahlekile ngokupheleleyo, ziyaziwa nangokuthi iaaaa. Kwaye kukho ukungabikho kokuvula kumngcwabo weendlebe.
Ukuxilongwa
Nangona yindlebe yangaphandle enokukhubazeka okubonakalayo, ezinye iindawo zenkqubo yendlebe zichaphazelekayo. Ngaphakathi kwendlebe, ngokuthe ngqo umgca wendlebe kunye nendlebe ephakathi, kaninzi kunesiphene. Ngamanye amaxesha indlebe yomlomo ayiyi kukhula. Kule bantu, akukho mgobo obonakalayo okhokelela kwi-eardrum kunye nendlebe ephakathi. Ukungaqhelekanga okunjalo kunokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Abantu abane-microtia macater (kwiindlebe zombini) ziimeko ezifani ngokupheleleyo kunabantu abane-microtia engabandakanyekanga. Abo bahamba nge-microtia abangenasiphelo banentetho evamile kwiindlebe eziqhelekileyo, kanti abo abane-microtia macater bangaba sisisithulu.
Ukulungiswa nokuPhathwa
Injongo ephambili yokubuyisela indlebe yangaphandle kukuphucula ukuphulaphula kuba sele ibamba izandi kwaye iwaqondise kumngcwabo weendlebe kwi-eardrum kunye nezixhobo zokuva. Ukuphulaphulwa kweentetho kukunceda ngentetho .
Ukuncediswa kweentlanganiso kusenokufuneka. Kodwa ngaphezu koko, ukuphuculwa kwembonakalo yintlawulo eyongezelelweyo leyo inokwandisa ukuzithemba nokwamukelwa kwezenhlalakahle. Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwendlebe yomlomo eyenziwa ngumntu otologist.
Indlebe ifinyelela kwininzi lwayo lokukhula (ama-85 ekhulwini) eneminyaka emine. Indlebe iyaqhubeka ikwandisa ububanzi ukuya kwimiba elishumi. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezintle ziyenzeka xa ukulungiswa kwakhona kubambezeleka kude kube semva kweminyaka elishumi. Imiba emibini echaphazelayo xa kwakhiwa ukubuyiswa kweendlebe kuku:
- Ukufumaneka kwesikhokhiti esaneleyo sokwenza i-ear ear. Kuze kube seminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu inqanaba lombhobho womntwana lukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela nge-cartilage eyaneleyo yesikhokelo somlomo.
- Isiphumo sengqondo sokungaqhelekanga / ayikho indlebe. Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwenziwa ngeenxa yokudala esikolweni ukwenzela ukunciphisa / ukuphepha ukugxeka oontanga.
Indlebe yangaphandle ingahlaziywa kunye nezinto zokwenziwa (izinto ezenziwe ngabantu) okanye kwi-rib cartilage. Kukho iingenelo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezi zikhetho zombini. Masithethe ngazo:
Izinto zokwenziwa
Ezinye zeenzuzo zokusebenzisa izinto zokwenza izinto zokwakha ukubuyisela i-microtia indlebe kukuba akukho miba, njengengxolo kunye nentlungu, ukusuka ekuvuneni i-rib cartilage. Inokwenziwa kwenkqubo enye kwaye umphumo ubonakala kakuhle kakhulu.
Ukungalungi kokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kukuba indlebe inokubakho ubuncipha obuncinane kunye nokusuleleka kunye nokuba kungenzeka ukuba umzimba unqabe indlebe entsha ngenxa yezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo.
I-Cartilage Graft
Ukuvunwa kwi-riti cartilage, ukungonakali kokusebenzisa olu khetho lonyango kukho intlungu kunye nobunzima obunxulumene nokufumana izinto. Kwakhona, kukho ukuhlinzwa okungaphezulu kweyodwa.
Nangona kunjalo, eli lixesha elide kakhulu elikhethiweyo kwaye, ngenxa yokuba lisebenzisa izinto zomntu, akukho nto inokwenzeka ukuba umzimba uyalahla indlebe.
Prosthetics
Kwiimeko apho kungekho nesikhumba esaneleyo ukufihla isakhelo sokwenziwa komsebenzi okanye isakhelo se-cartilage ngenxa yexinzelelo, ukutshisa, ukushiswa kwemitha, njl., Indlebe ye-prosthetic ingasetyenziswa. Indlebe yeprothesis ineenzuzo kunye neziphene.
Nangona indlebe yobufebe inokubukeka kakhulu njengendlebe yangempela, umgangatho weso sixhobo kuxhomekeke kwizakhono zomenzi kunye nobuchwepheshe obukhoyo. Ukongezelela, indlebe ye-prosthetic inokuba yindleko. Kude kube nini idilesi ihlala ixhomekeke kwenkathalo eyenziwa ngumnini.
Kwisiqingatha seemeko ze-microtia, kukho okwaneleyo indlebe ephakathi enokuhlaziywa kwakhona ukuphucula okanye ukubuyisela ukuva.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
Njengoko nayiphi na inkqubo yokucubungula, kunokukho iingxaki xa kufikelelwe ekuveleni indlebe. Usulelo luyinkxalabo enokubakho kunye nesikhokelo sokuqulunqa okanye i-cartilage. I-Hematoma , enye into eyaziwa ngokuba yiqoqo legazi, inokuthi idibanise isakhelo se-cartilage.
Ukulahlekelwa kwesikhumba kwindawo yendlebe kunokwenzeka. Ukongezelela, kwiimeko apho i-rib cartilage isetyenziselwa khona, iingxaki zeemiphunga, iingubo zesifuba soguqu, kunye nokukhwabanisa okubonakalayo. Kwaye iingxaki ezibandakanya isakhelo kunokubangela ukuba kufuneke kwenziwe inkqubo kwakhona.
Imithombo:
Ulwahlulo lweziNkokeli zokuzalwa kunye nokukhubazeka okuPhuhliso, i-NCBDDD, i-Defects of Birth: Amaqiniso ngo-Anotia / iMrotia. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo.
LeBlanc DM. Microtia. Ku: Janis HAYI. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zoPhengophi lwePlastiki. USt. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2007.
Thorne CH. Indlebe yangaphandle. Ku: McCarthy JG, RD Galiano, Boutros SG, eds. Ulwaphulo lwangoku kwi-Plastic Surgery, 1st Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc, 2006.
Thorne CH. Otoplasty and Ear Reconstruction. Ku: I-Thorne CH, i-Beasely RW, i-Aston SJ, i-Bartlett SP, i-Gurtner GC, i-Spear S, i-eds. I-Grabb ne-Smith's Plastic Surgery, ngomhla we-6. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 2007.