I-Microtia yintsholongwane yeendlebe ezenzekayo kuzo zonke iintsuku ezingama-6 000 ukuya ku-12 000. Kukho amanani amaninzi e-microtia, ukusuka kwinqanaba leendlebe zangaphandle ezingekhoyo ukugqiba ukungabikho kwendlebe yangaphandle. Xa kukho i-microtia ekhoyo, kaninzi akukho mgca wendlebe okhoyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi i-atresia.
Umntwana ophethe i-microtia kunye ne-atresia ngokuqhelekileyo uya kuba nolwaphulo oluqhelekileyo lokuva kunye nokulinganisela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Yonke into ithetha ukuba indlebe yengaphakathi iyinto eqhelekileyo (imeko yesimo eqhelekileyo), kodwa ngenxa yokuba ayikho indlebe yomlomo, ayikho indlela yokuba isandi "siqhube" kwiindlebe zangaphakathi nge-canal indlebe. Xa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga yangaphandle okanye eyindlebe, le nto ibizwa ngokuba yilahleko yokuphulaphulwa kweendlebe. Xa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwenzeka ngenxa yengxaki yendlebe yangaphakathi, oku kuthiwa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuzwa.
Kucinga ukuba i-microtia ingabangelwa yi-ischemia okanye iyancipha ukuhamba kwegazi ngexesha lophuhliso.
Ngenhlanhla, indlebe yangaphakathi (indawo yendawo yokuva kunye nokulinganisela) ifom ngexesha elithile njengeendlebe zangaphandle nephakathi. Ngenxa yoko, indlebe yangaphakathi iya kusebenza kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, kwanomntwana ophethe i-microtia. Iinjongo zakha malunga nexesha elifanayo njengeendlebe, ngoko uvavanyo luqhutshwa rhoqo ngaphambi kokushiya esibhedlele emva kokuzalwa. I-Microtia ixhaphake kakhulu kumaNdiya aseJapan naseNavaho aseMerika, kwaye iphinda ixhaphake nakwabesilisa.
Ukuba kuphela enye indlebe ichaphazelekayo, yinto eyona nto ifanelekileyo indlebe echaphazelekayo. Phantse i-10% yexesha, iindlebe zombini zibandakanyeka. Amathuba ale meko eqhubekayo ekukhulelweni okuzayo ingaphantsi kwe-6%.
Imphambili ephambili iya kuba ukuvavanya intetho yomntwana. Kuzo zonke iimeko, kuphuthumayo ukunika umntwana ithuba elibanzi lokufaka isandla ekuphuculeni uphuhliso lobuchopho kunye nophuhliso lwentetho.
Uvavanyo lwe- BAER (uvavanyo lwengqondo ephendulekayo) luya kucetyiswa, kunye novavanyo lokuvavanya ukuziphatha xa umntwana eselula. I-CT (i-computerized tomography) iyakwenziwa kwakhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-anatomy yezakhiwo zebony kunye neendlebe eziphakathi kunye nezingaphakathi.
Abazali abane-microtia bathambekele ekubeni netyala ngenxa yengxaki yomntwana. Akuyona iphulo lomzali!
Kubalulekile ukubona i-Genetics ingcali ukuze kuhlolwe imbali yentsapho. Abanye abantwana abane-microtia baya kuba nezinye iimeko ezifana ne- Goldenhar syndrome , i-Treacher-Collins syndrome, kunye ne-microsomia yokufa (ngaphantsi kokuphuhliswa kwezakhiwo ngaphesheya kobuso). Abantwana bangaba neendlebe eziphakathi kokungaqhelekanga ngokunjalo. Amazinyo kunye nomhlathi wesiqhelo unakho ukudibaniswa ne-microtia.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa isimo sengqondo sabantwana abane-microtia kunye ne-atresia.
I -AHA ye-ear-earned aid help (BAHA) yindlela yokukhethwa kwindlela yokunyusa indlebe ukuphucula ukuva.
Izicwangciso zonyango ziya kuba zizodwa kumntwana ngamnye ngenxa yokuhluka kwimeko. Iqela eliqhelekileyo liya kufuneka lisebenze kunye ukuze linike umntwana ithuba lokunyamekela. Eli qela liza kuba ne-otolaryngologist (indlebe, impumlo kunye nomphambo weengxubeni), ugqirha wengcali yeplastiki, i-audiologist (iingcali zentetho), ingcali yezofuzo, udokotela wamazinyo, ugqirha wezentetho, kunye nodokotela wezilwanyana okanye oongikazi wezonyango.
Kwezinye iimeko, unontlalontle okanye isazi senzululwazi unokuncedisa intsapho ekujonganeni nale meko nokwenza izigqibo.
Nangona enye indlebe ayinakuchaphazeleka kwaye ukuva kakuhle, i-bone conduction hearing help is advised to provide up stimulation auditing and promote developmental brain development in the side affected. Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana akhulile ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela utyando, incedisi yokuphulaphulwa kwethambo inokuthi igqitywe kwi-strap-like strap.
Isiqeshana seVidiyo: Inkwenkwe eneminyaka engama-6 ubudala kunye ne-microtia yangasese kunye nezwi lokuphulaphula i-atresia kwisalathiso sayo sokunene okokuqala. Utshintsho kwisimo sakhe sibonisa okwesibili ukuba uqala ukuva isandi esicacileyo kwindlebe yakhe yokunene.
Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana uya kuba malunga neminyaka engama-4 ukuya kwe-10 ubudala xa ukuhlinzwa kwendlebe ekuqhutywe kuyo. Indlebe yangaphandle iya kuvuselelwa kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha isebenzisa isalathisi sesithambo ukwenza isakhiwo seendlebe. Le ndlebe yangaphandle ivumelekile ukuphilisa iintsuku eziliqela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okwesibini ukudala indlebe.
Ukuba abantwana banesiphako seendlebe eziphakathi (ezifana neTruth-Collins Syndrome) ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha kwendalana yomlebe kungeyikuphucula ukuva. Ukhetho lunokuba luncedo lweentloko ezixhaswe ngamathambo olulungileyo kumntwana onenkathazo ephakathi kwendlebe kodwa indlebe yangaphakathi engenakulinganiswa kunye nesakhiwo senzobu engqondweni.
> Imithombo:
> I-CDC yokuzalwa kweNtshonalanga yeNkcukacha
> I-CDC Ukuvalelwa Kokulahlekelwa Kwiintsana Nezingane
> Izifo kunye neemeko ezichongiweyo kwi-Children and Youth ngeZimfuno zeMpilo eziZodwa (i-CYSHN). KwiSebe lezeMpilo eNigeria.
> Bonilla, Arturo. I-Microtia Congenital Deformity Institute.