Unyango lwe-hyperglycemia luxhomekeka kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ubude bexesha kunye nexesha le-hyperglycemia kunye nobunzima balo, kunye nobudala bomntu, impilo kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Umzekelo, umntu osekhulile ophethe imbali yempilo eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nomsebenzi ongenakucokisekileyo wokuphathwa kwengqondo kufuneka aphathwe ngokugqithisileyo kunomntu omncinci, osempilweni ophilileyo onesifo seswekile.
I-American Diabetes Association (ADA) igxininisa ukubaluleka kwezicwangciso zonyango ngokwabantu bonke abanesifo sikashukela. Kwaye, nangona banesidanga sokuncedisa oogqirha banamachiza ukuba bancede baphathe u-hyperglycemia, umntu ngamnye kufuneka ahlale ebeka kuqala.
Kwimeko apho unama-hyperglycemia, kukho izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukuze uphathe, kwakhona. Kodwa, ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo we-hyperglycemia, unokufuna ukuqhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze uncede ekutshintsheni isicwangciso sakho sokonyango. Kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nesifo sikashukela se-ketoacidosis (DKA) esiphuthumayo, kufuneka uncedo.
IziPhulo zaseKhaya kunye nokuPhila
Ukuphathwa kwendlela yokuphila kuyingxaki ebalulekileyo ekuphatheni i-hyperglycemia. Enyanisweni, yonke imishanguzo yeswekile isetyenziswe ukuba isetyenziswe ekutshintsheni kokutya kunye neendlela zokuphila. Ukuba umntu angatshintshi indlela yakhe yokuphila kwaye athembele kumachiza yedwa, ekugqibeleni loo mayeza ayayeka ukusebenza kwaye uya kufuneka ukuba afake amayeza amaninzi ukuze athathe iishukela zegazi phantsi kolawulo.
Isihluthulelo sokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kukufumana inkxaso kunye nokuvumelana. Inkxaso ngeendlela zemfundo, ngokuthe ngqo imfundo yokulawulwa kwe-diyabetes (DSME), iya kunceda. I-ADA isincoma ukuba bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela bafumane i-DSME ukuxilongwa, rhoqo ngonyaka ukuze kuhlolwe isondlo kunye neemfuno ezingokomzwelo, xa kuvela iimeko ezintsha ezinzima ezichaphazela ukulawulwa kokuzimela, kwaye xa kukho utshintsho kwiinkathalo.
I-DSME inokukunceda wenze utshintsho kwimpilo yakho. Utshintsho olulandelayo lokuphila lungaphatha i-hyperglycemia:
Ukutya
I-carbohydrates ithintela i- sugar sugars eyona nto . Ukutya ukutya okuninzi ngokweqile kwee-carbohydrates, ezifana nezonka ezigciniweyo (isonka esimhlophe, i-rolls, i-bagels, i-cookies, ilayisi, i-pasta, i-cockers, iilekese), ukutya okunoshukela, kunye nokusela okunxilisayo kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-hyperglycemia. Ngako oko, ukutya ukutya okunokulawulwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-carbohydrate ecebileyo kwi-fiber kunokunceda.
Akukho mntu udla ngokuthe tye kwi-diabetes. I-ADA ithi bonke abantu bafumana unyango lwezonyango olwenziwe ngabanye (MNT), ngokukhethekileyo ngu-dietitian obhalisiwe owaziyo kunye abanezakhono kwi-MNT ethile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba i-MNT ekhutshwa yi-dietitian idibene ne-A1C yokuncipha kwe-0.3 ukuya kwi-1 ekhulwini kubantu abane-type 1 yeswekile kunye ne-0.5 ukuya kwi-2 ekhulwini kulabo abanesifo sikashukela se-2.
Ukuzivocavoca
I-ADA ithi ukuphulwa komsebenzi wokuhlala kunye nokuphepha ixesha elide lokuhlala kunokuthintela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kulabo abasengozini kwaye kunokunceda ekulawuleni i-glycemic kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kungenxa yokuba ukuzivocavoca kunokunceda ukunciphisa i-hyperglycemia ngokutshisa i-glucose . Ngokomzekelo, ukuhamba emva kwesidlo esikhulu kunokunceda utshise ushukela ongaphezulu kwigazi.
Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo rhoqo kubalulekile ekulawuleni isisindo, ezinokunciphisa i-hyperglycemia nokuphucula impilo yonke.
Kukho amaxesha apho kufuneka ubalekele ukuzivocavoca xa ushukela wegazi lakho liphezulu. Ukuba iswekile yegazi ingaphezu kwe 240 mg / dL kwaye uneetoni, kufuneka ubalekele ukuzivocavoca. Ukusebenzisa iietoni kunokuphakamisa ushukela wegazi ngakumbi.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na indlela yokusebenza rhoqo qiniseka ukuba ususwe ngugqirha.
Ukuhla ukusinda
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kunenzuzo ekunciphiseni iishukela zegazi ngenxa yokuphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin. I-ADA ithi, "kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo nobungqinelanayo bokuthi ukuthobeka kwamandla okuqhubekayo kunokulibaziseka ukuqhubela phambili kwi-prediabetes ukuthayipha i-2 yeswekile kwaye kunenzuzo ekulawuleni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela." Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokulandela ukutya okunokwakheka kweekhalori kunako ukubeka isifo sikashukela ekuxoxweni , kuba abo bantu abanesifo sikashukela ubuncinci kwiminyaka emithandathu.
Isihluthulelo sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo kodwa usigcina kwaye sithola inkxaso eqhubekayo.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukunyuka kwesisindo kunokwenzeka ukuba kunciphise u-hyperglycemia kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo sikashukela okanye i-prediabetes, xa umzimba ugcine umthamo we-insulin. Indawo elungileyo yokuqala kukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti amahlanu emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubunzima obulahlekelwayo, i-sugar inflation yakho iyaphantsi.
Ukuba uthabatha amayeza xa ulahlekelwa isisindo kwaye uqaphele ukuba unesiphumo segazi eliphantsi, kuya kufuneka ukuba unyango lwakho luguquke okanye luyeke.
Ukuyeka ukutshaya
Ukubhema kunokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-hyperglycemia, ngokukodwa ekuphuhliseni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ngoko ke, ukuba unesifo sesifo seswekile okanye ukwanda komngcipheko wesifo sikashukela, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokunceda ukukhusela isifo sikashukela kunye ne-hyperglycemia.
Ukujonga iliso kwiSety Sugar
Ukubeka esweni rhoqo iswekile yegazi kunokunceda abantu abanesifo sikashukela bahlole impendulo yabo kwonyango kwaye baphathe ishukela ephezulu yegazi.
Kubonakala kubakho ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kokuhlolwa kweswekile yegazi kunye ne-A1C ephantsi kwizigulane ezine-type 1 zeswekile. Emva kokuba usungule iphethini yeshukela ephezulu yegazi, ungathatha inyathelo lokunyanga nokukhusela ngokuhlola i-sugar and blood patterns. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba uyazi i-hyperglycemia yakho, kungekudala ungenza utshintsho.
Cinnamon
I-jury isacacisa ukuba kwaye njani i- cinnamon inceda njani ukunciphisa iswekile yegazi . Ezinye iingxelo zithi ezimbini iishupuni ngosuku zingakunceda ukunciphisa ishukela legazi ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa abanye bengenzi.
Njengoko unonophelo lolonophelo lwesifo sikashukela, oku mhlawumbi kubhekisele kumntu ngamnye. Ngayiphi na indlela, akukho nzakalo ekwandiseni ukufafaza kwekinamoni kwikhofi yakho, i-yogurt, i-oatmeal, okanye i-toast yasekuseni.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Ijusi e-apula isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-aple cider viniga. Uphando olupapashwe kwi-Journal of Functional Foods lufumene ukuba abantu abasemngciphekweni besifo sikashukela se-type 2 abaphethe ii-ounces eziyi-8 ze-Braggs Organic Apple Cider Umvini weVinegar I-Sweet Stevia kwiiveki ezili-12 yabona ukunciphisa okukhulu ekutya ukutya kwe-ushukela wegazi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba aba bantu abanalo isifo sikashukela kwaye abaphandi abafumani mmahluko omkhulu kwiishukela zegazi ezimbini emva kwexesha lokutya, okanye kwi-hemoglobin A1C. Xa kuthethwa oko, ababhali bacetyisa ukuba ukongeza i-tablespoon enye imihla ngemihla kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa iishukela zegazi. Gweba iviniga ye-aple cider kwisaladi esilandelayo okanye uhlambe iprotheni yakho kuyo-encinane ihamba ngendlela ende.
Imigaqo
Insulin
I-insulin yi-hormone ejongene nokulawula izinga lezeshukela egazini emzimbeni. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-1 abavelisi i-insulin yabo. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-1 kufuneka baphathwe ngeeyunithi zemihla ngemihla yesidlo (okanye i-prandial insulin) kunye ne-basal insulin nge-injections okanye ipompo ye-insulin.
Ukongeza, abaninzi abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-1 kufuneka basebenzise i -insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchasene neempawu eziphakathi . Abasetyhini abanokufumana isifo sikashukela nesifo sikashukela bangaphinda bafune i-insulin ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-hyperglycemia kwaye kugcinwe i-sugar sugar.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abanesifo sikashukela esandula bafumana i-hyperglycemia esinamandla kunokuqaliswa kwonyango ye-insulin ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa iishukela zegazi. Abo bantu abanesifo sikashukela se-2 ixesha elide, ngokukodwa abo bahlala bexhepha-phemia, bangadinga ukuqala unyango lwe-insulin.
Akuqhelekanga nokuba unomntu onesifo sikashukela se-2 esesifo se-insulin esinciphisa okanye eshiya i-insulin xa i-sugar suars yabo igxininisa, ingakumbi ukuba ilahlekelwe isisindo. Icala ngalinye lihlukile kwaye injongo yonyango ye-insulin kufuneka ixoxwe kunye nomboneleli wezempilo ukuze ungeyiki okanye ungaphambuki.
Pramlintide
La mayeza avunyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwizigulane ezine-type 1 zeswekile. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukulibazisa isisu kunye nokunciphisa ushukela wegazi ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweglucagon. Inokunceda abantu abane-diabetes yohlobo lwe-1 balahlekelwe isisindo (ukuba baninzi kakhulu), kunye nokunciphisa ushukela wegazi kunye namaqondo angaphantsi kwe-insulin.
Mlomo
I-ADA ine-algorithm yokukhokela oogqirha ekumisela amayeza kubantu abane-hyperglycemia. Lo mzekelo uthatha ingqalelo kwiminyaka, ubulili, ubunzima, imbali yempilo, ubude bokuxilongwa, izinga lezeshukela legazi, indlela yokuphila, imfundo, njl. Enyanisweni, i-ADA ithi, "indlela yokugulisa isigulane kufuneka isetyenziswe ekukhokheni ukhetho lwee-agent ze-pharmacologic. Ukuqwalasela kubandakanya ukusebenza, umngcipheko we-hypoglycemia, umthelela kwisisindo, iimiphumo ezingasenokwenzeka, iindleko kunye nokukhethwa kwezigulane."
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuphikisana, abaninzi abantu bayazuza ngokuqala ngeMetformin. Emva kokuqala, i-ADA ithi, "Ukuba i-noninsulin monotherapy kwi-dose ebekezelelwe kakhulu ayiyi kufezekisa okanye igcine i-A1C ijoliswe emva kweenyanga ezi-3, yongeza intsimbi yesibini yomlomo, i-peptide-ye-glucagon efana ne-agonist ye-receptor, okanye i-insulin ye-basal."
Isifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela seMellitus
I-Hyperglycemia ekukhulelwe ingabangela ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela. Uhlobo lokuqala loonyango luyonyango lokutya okunomsoco, ukusebenza ngokomzimba, nokulawula ubunzima kuye kuxhomekeke kwisisindo sokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuhlolwa kweswekile.
Indlela yokuphila, utshintsho kunye nokuzivocavoca, luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwaye bonke abafazi bafuna ukulawula iswekile yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iswekile yegazi ayikwazi ukulawulwa ngeenguqu zokuphila, i-insulin yinyango ekhethiweyo njengoko ingawela i-placenta ukuya kumlinganiselo olinganiselweyo.
Amanye amayeza afana ne-metformin kunye ne-glyburide angasetyenziselwa, kodwa bobabini bawela i-placenta kwi-fetus, kunye ne-metformin kungenzeka ukuba iwele ngaphaya kwe-glyburide.
Iimeko ezinxamisekileyo
Kwimeko apho uye waya kwigumbi lexakeka ngenxa yentshukela ephezulu yegazi kwaye ufumene ukuba unesifo sikashukela se-ketoacidosis (DKA) okanye i-hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, uya kufuneka uhlolwe ngokusondeleyo kwaye kufuneka ufumane ukuhlolwa ngokunyamekileyo kweklinikhi.
Unyango luya kubandakanya isisombululo se-hyperglycemia, ukulungiswa kokungalingani kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-ketosis, nokubuyiswa kwevolumu yomjikelezo. Ukongezelela, kuya kuba kubalulekile ukulungisa nayiphi na isizathu esibangela i-DKA, njenge-sepsis.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko enzima ngayo, abantu abane-DKA baya kunyangwa nge-intravenous or subcutaneous insulin kunye nokuphathwa kwamanzi.
Utyando
Utyando aluvumelekanga ukuba u-hyperglycemia ngaphandle kokuba kukho ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo ezifana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile kulabo abane-type 2 yeswekile. Ugqirha lunokuba lukhetho kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esine-type 1 abanesiphelo esithintekayo okanye abo banesifo se-ketoacidosis okanye i-hypoglycemia enamandla naphezu kolawulo olunzulu lwe-glycemic.
Utyando lweMetabolic
Utyando lwe-metabolic, okunye okubizwa ngokuba yi-bariatric surgery, lunokukhetha ukuba unyango lwe-hyperglycemia kwizigulane ezine-type 2 zesifo sikashukela esiphelele. I-ADA ibonisa ukuba " utyando olusisigxina kufuneka lunconywe ukuphatha uhlobo lwesibini lwe-diabete kumabhaptizo afanelekileyo abane-BMI 40 kg / m2 (i-BMI 37.5 kg / m2 kuma-Asiya aseMerika), kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni izinga lokulawulwa kwe-glycemic okanye ubunzima be-glucose-ukunciphisa ii-regimens, kunye nabantu abadala abane-BMI 35.0-39.9 kg / m2 (32.5-37.4 kg / m2
Ama-Asiya aseMerika) xa i-hyperglycemia ingalawulwa ngendlela engafanelekanga nangona iphila kunye nezokwelapha
unyango. "
I-ADA iphinda iphakamise ukuba utyando olusisigxina luqwalaselwe ngabantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela ne-BMI 30.0-34.9 kg / m2 (27.5-32.4 kg / m2 kuma-Asiya aseMerika) ukuba i-hyperglycemia ayifanelekanga
lawulwa nangona ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwezonyango ngomlomo okanye ngamachiza anesifo (kuquka i-insulin).
Ngaphambi kokuqwalasela ukuhlinzwa, abantu abane-type 2 yeswekile kufuneka bafumane uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango kwaye bafumane imvume yokugonywa kwezokwelapha kumaninzi amaninzi, njengogqirha wabo oyintloko kunye ne-cardiologist. Ukongezelela, kufuneka badibane ne-dietitian ephindwe ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze baqiniseke ukuba banamathela kwizikhokelo zokutya.
Ukuxhaswa kwenkxaso yexesha elide kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwendalo kunye nesondlo kufuneka kunikwe izigulane emva kokuhlinzwa. Ukuvavanya ukuvavanya imfuneko yokuncedisa iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ukunceda ukulungelelanisa utshintsho lwezonyango kunye nengqondo emva kokuhlinzwa.
Iipancreas kunye ne-Islet Transplantation Cell
Utyando lwe-transplantation ludinga ukuxilongwa kwe-immunosuppression engapheliyo yonke into enokubangela ukuba i-sugar sugar ishicilelwe, kubangele i-hyperglycemia. Ngenxa yemiphumo emibi, akuyiyo into eyenziwa ngabantu abane-type 1 yeswekile.
Esikhundleni salo, i-ADA ibonisa ukuba "i-pancreas transplantation kufuneka igcinwe kwizigulane ezine-type 1 zesifo sikashukela esiphantsi kokutshintshwa kwenyama, emva kokutshintshwa kwe-renal, okanye kwabo bane-ketoacidosis ephindaphindiweyo okanye i-hypoglycemia enamandla naphezu kolawulo olunzulu lwe-glycemic."
Istelplantation yeIslet isala uphando. Ukufakelwa kwe-Autoislet kufakwe ingqalelo kwizigulana ezifuna i-pancreatectomy epheleleyo ye-pancreatitis engapheliyo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ungumviwa, funda ngakumbi malunga nenkqubo uze uthethe nodokotela wakho malunga nalo.
I-Medicine Complementary (CAM)
Ukuba i-hyperglycemia ingenxa yokungakwazi ukuzinyamekela ngenxa yeengxaki zengqondo okanye zentlalo, ingqondo yengqondo ingasetyenziselwa ukuphatha ingxaki engundoqo, enokukunceda ukunyanga nokunciphisa i-hyperglycemia.
Ukuba umntu unesifo sikasifo sikashukela (DD), esichazwa ngokuthi "ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwengqondo ezinxulumene nemithwalo yemvakalelo kunye neenkxalabo ezithile kumntu ngamnye ekulawuleni izifo ezinzima, ezilukhuni kunye nezifuna ukuguga njengesifo sikashukela," ukufumana uncedo kuya kuba ebaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni i-hyperglycemia nokudandatheka.
Yazi ukuba uncedo lukhoyo kwaye akukho nantlukwano edibene nayo. Inokukunceda ukuba unakekele ngakumbi kwaye ukhangele kwaye uzive ungcono, ngoko unganqikazi ukufikelela xa ufuna.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Diabetes Association. ImiGangatho yoLondolozo lwezoNyango kwiSwekile-2017. 2017 Jan; 38 (iSiza 1): S1-132.
> I-American Diabetes Association. I-Hyperglycemia (i-High Blood Glucose).
> Lean M, et al. Ukunakekelwa kweprayimari kuqhutywe-ukulawulwa kwemilinganiselo ye > ukuxolelwa > yohlobo lwesibini sikashukela (DiRECT): > iilebula evulekileyo >, ityala le-randus.