Iziyobisi zijongene neNkqubo yokuSebenza kunye neenjongo zokuSebenzisa
I-Corticosteroids ibhekisela kwiklasi yeziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i- arthritis evuthayo kunye nezinye izimo ezivuthayo. Ngenxa yokuba ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "i-steroids," abantu baya kubakholelwa ukuba bayinto efanayo ne-anabolic steroids esetyenziselwa amandla okukhuthaza nokusebenza ngokomzimba.
Sibanzi
Igama elithi "steroid" ligama elibanzi elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza nayiphi na isakhi kunye nesakhiwo esithile se-molecular (esineendandatho ezine ezineefom e-17 ze-carbon).
Umsebenzi we-steroids kukugcina ingqibelelo yesalathisi yeseli okanye ukwenza i-receptor kwi-cell surface ukuba ilawulwe ngendlela eziphatha ngayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-steroid ezitholakala kwindalo, ngokubanzi ngokwahlukileyo njenge:
- I-sex steroids, kuquka i-estrogen, i- progesterone kunye ne- testosterone
- I-Corticosteroids, kubandakanywa ne- glucocorticoids (njenge-cortisol) elawula ukusebenza komzimba kunye ne-mineralocorticoids (njenge-aldosterone) elawula umlinganiselo we-electrolytes
- I-Secosteroids ezifana ne- vitamin D encedisa ukulawula imisebenzi eninzi ye-biological
- I-Neurosteroids efana ne- DHEA enceda ekuqaliseni amahomoni angamadoda namabhinqa
- Ii-sterols ezinjenge- cholesterol ezikunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yeselfel
Anabolic Steroids
I-Anabolic steroids iyintlukwano yokwenziwa kweentlobo ze-hormones zesini (i-androgens) zesintu. Zisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesisipha samathambo (umphumo we-anabolic) kunye nokuphuhlisa impawu zesini zesini (i-androgenic effect).
I-Anabolic steroids iyatholakala ngogqirha kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izimo ezibangelwa amanqanaba aphantsi kwe testosterone ( hypogonadism ). Izizathu zingabandakanywa amathambo angabonakaliyo, ukulimala kweengqungquthela, i-hemochromatosis (isinyithi esininzi kwigazi), izifo zengqondo, izifo ezivuthayo, ukunyameka, kunye nokusuleleka kwe-HIV .
Ngenxa yempembelelo yabo ye-anabolic, iziyobisi zihlala zixhaphazwa ngabadlali okanye abantu abafuna ukuphucula ukubonakala kwabo. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwexesha elide le-anabolic steroids kungaholela kwimiphumo emibi yempilo, kuquka:
- I-acne ebonakalayo
- Ukuphuhliswa kwebele kumadoda ( gynecomastia )
- Ukukhula kweenwele kunye nomzimba kubasetyhini (i-hirututism)
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Ukutshintsha kwemizwa yentsholongwane ("intukuthelo")
- Ukuziphatha komntu
- Shrinkage yamathambo
- Ubuninzi bomzimba wesilisa kwizesini zombini
- Ukuya esikhathini
- Ukungenzi lutho
- Ukuqhwala kwamehlo okanye isikhumba (jaundice)
- Tendon rupture
- Izifo zesifo okanye umdlavuza
- Ukukhula okunamandla ebusheni
Corticosteroids
I-Corticosteroids ibhekisela kwimimandla eyenziwa ngokwemvelo eyenziwa yi- correx ye-adrenal okanye iinguqu ezenziwe ngokukhenkcela i-molecular structure. I-Corticosteroids yenza isistim somzimba ngokukhusela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezenza izimpendulo eziqhekezayo nezivuzayo.
Iziyobisi zingathunyelwa ngomlomo, ngokusemthethweni, kwi-topically, okanye nge-injection ukunyanga kwiimeko ezinjalo zempilo njengezifo zonke, isifo sika-Crohn , isifo se- ulcerative, izifo ezizimele (ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-lupus), izifo zegazi (ezifana ne-lymphoma ne-leukemia), kunye umdlavuza wesibeletho.
Izidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid eziqhelekileyo kwi-US ziquka:
- I-Betamethasone
- Budesonide
- Cortisone
- Dexamethasone
- Hydrocortisone
- Methylprednisolone
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Triamcinolone
Amachiza ayafumaneka phantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo eempawu kunye neefom.
Izinzuzo kunye neengozi
I-Corticosteroids ziinkunkuma ezinamandla ezinokuthi zinciphise ngokukhawuleza xa ziphucula ukuphucula. Xa kuthethwa oko, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunokudala iziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwaye ngezinye iziphikisana, kuquka:
- Ukutyeba kwakho
- Acne
- Ubuthakathaka obuthathaka
- Ukucocwa kwesikhumba
- Ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwamafutha omzimba (lipodystrophy)
- Tendon rupture
- U xinzelelo
- Sikashukela
- Osteoporosis
- Cataract
- Ukwanda kwamathuba okusuleleka kwintsholongwane
- Izilonda zesisu
- Ukuxinezeleka
Ukwandisa inzuzo, i-corticosteroids inqunywe kwi dose ephantsi kakhulu kwixesha elincinci lokufikelela kwisiphumo esona siphumelele.
Ukuba zisetyenziselwa ixesha elide, iziyobisi kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze zivumele i-adrenal gland ukuba ithathe kancane umsebenzi wayo oqhelekileyo. Ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxisa kunye neengxaki zengozi yokubangela impilo.
ILizwi
Ukuba isicwangciso sonyango siquka ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid, soloko ujonga iingenelo kunye nobungozi ngogqirha wakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo, kunokukho ezinye iindlela ezingabonisa ukukhululeka okufanayo nangomngcipheko ophantsi.
Ekugqibeleni, ngokuqhelekileyo kulungele ukugcina i-corticosteroids ukuze isebenzise kamva xa imfuno yeziyobisi ingaba kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Waljee, A .; Rogers, M .; Lin, P. et al. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane le-corticosteroids yomlomo kunye neziyobisi ezinxulumene nabantu abadala eMelika. BMJ. 2017; 357: j1415. INGXELO: & https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1415.
> Yu, J; Bonnerud, P .; Eriksson, A. et al. "Imiphumo yoNcedo lwexesha elide lwe-Anabolic Androgen Steroids kwi-Human Skeletal Muscle." PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (9): e105330. INGXELO: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0105330.