Yonke Into Okufuneka Uyazi Ngokwe-Endocrine System
Inkqubo ye-endocrine iqulethe iindiza ezininzi ezisemzimbeni. Ezi zithotho zifaka i-hormones - izithunywa zeekhemikhali ezibonisa ukuba umzimba wenze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo inxulumene nokukhula kunye nesifo semetabolism.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeengqungquthela ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ye-endocrine.
Izithobe ze-Endocrine ziquka i-pancreas, thyroid, i-pituitary kunye ne-adrenal glands.
Bafaka ama-hormone abo ngqo kwigazi, apho baqhutyelwa khona kwisayithi senxaxheba.
Iingqungquthela ze-Exocrine zifaka i-hormone yazo ngqo kwiindawo. Imizekelo yeengxowa ze-exocrine ziquka i-sebaceous, i-mammary, i-salivary ne-digestive glands.
AmaHormones asebenza njani?
Uninzi lweengqungquthela ze-endocrine ziyakhathalela ukuxinwa kwe-hormone evelisa okanye into eyenza ibenze. Ukuba ukuxinwa kwehommone okanye into engaphantsi kwinto eqhelekileyo, iya kusebenze i-gland. Ukuba uxinaniso luphezulu, luya kumisa ukuveliswa kwehomoni. Oku kuthethwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yempendulo. Iingqungquthela ze-endocrine nazo zinokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngokukhuthaza ukukhathazeka.
Xa ama-receptors kwiimbrane zeseli ze-endocrine gland ziqaliswa yi-hormone ethile, i-cascade yeziganeko zamakhemikhali ibangelwa ngaphakathi kweseli. Ama-receptors kunye nama-hormone acacile.
Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-hormone luya kufakwa kwi-receptor enikeziweyo. Ukuba ihommoni engalunganga izama ukungena kwi-receptor, akukho mpendulo eya kwenzeka.
I-Endocrine Glands kunye neeHormones Ezivelisa
I-Pituitary Gland - Le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi "master gland" ngenxa yenani elikhulu lemisebenzi enxulumene nokumetabolism nokugcinwa kwe-homeostasis.
Kukho i-lobes ezimbini ye-pituitary: yangaphambili nangemva kwayo.
I-lobe yangaphakathi ivelisa amahomoni amaningi kuquka:
- Prolactin
- IHymmone yokukhula
- I-Follicle evuselela ihomoni
- I-hormone yeLuteinizing
- I-thyroid evuselela i-hormone
- Adrenocorticotropin hormone
I-post lobe iyimfihlo:
- I-hormone ye-anti-diuretic
- Oxytocin
I-Hypothalmus - I-hypothalmus yinxalenye encinci yengqondo e kufuphi kakhulu ne-pituitary gland. Ilawula i-hormone ye-pituitary ngokukhupha ama-hormone ekhuthaza okanye avimbele ukukhululwa kwawo. Ngokomzekelo, i-hypothalamus ifihla i-gonadotropin ekhulula i-hormone, ebangela ukuveliswa kwe-gonadotropins (i-follicle evuselela i-hormone kunye ne-hormone ye-luteinizing) nge-pituitary. Iphinde ivelise i-corticotrophin yokukhulula i-hormone, i-thyrotropin yokukhulula i-hormone, kunye ne-hormone yokukhula ekhupha i-hormone.
I-Thymus - Intsimbi esetyenziselwa ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni, i-thymus ifihla ama-hormone anceda amajoni omzimba akhule. Malunga nexesha lokukhulelwa, izicubu zalo zitshintshiswa ngamanqatha kwaye akusasimfuneko kumsebenzi omzimba oqhelekileyo.
I-Pineal Gland - Le ngqungquthela encinane ephakathi kwengqondo efihla i-melatonin. I-Melatonin ifunyenwe ukulawula umjikelezo wokulala.
I-Thyroid - I-thyroid iyigwegwe efunyenwe kwi-windpipe ephambi komqala.
Ivelisa i-thyroxin (T4) kunye ne-tri-iodothyronine (T3), eyaziwayo ukulawula imetabolism. Kwakhona ifihla i- calcitonin , enceda ukulawula amanqanaba e-calcium.
I-Parathyroid - Iingqungqwana ezine ezincinci ezifumaneka kwi-thyroid zenza i-parathyroid. Bavelisa ihomoni ye-parathyroid . Ulawulo lwalo lokuvimba luyabalawula i-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus emzimbeni.
I-Adrenal Glands - Kukho iingqungquthela ezimbini ze-adrenal, enye ibekwe phezulu kweentliziyo nganye. Iintlobo zeengqungquthela ziyahlukana zibe ziindawo ezimbini, i-cortex kunye ne-medulla, enemisebenzi eyahlukileyo.
Amahomoni aveliswa yi-cortex zibalulekile ebomini kwaye zibandakanya i-glucocorticoids, i-mineralocorticoids kunye nezinye i-hormone zesondo, njenge- androgens kunye ne- esrogen encinci.
I-adrenal medulla ifihla i-hormones engabalulekanga ebomini kwaye ifake i-epinephrine kunye ne-norepinephrine.
I-Pancreas - I-pancreas yintsimi enkulu kwisisu esenza i- insulin kunye ne-glucagon. Ezi zihomoni ezimbini zibalulekile kumgaqo nokugcinwa kwamanqanaba eeshukela egazi. I-Glucagon ivuselela isibindi ukukhulula i-glucose ngaphezulu emzimbeni, ngelixa i-insulin yenza iiseli zomzimba zithathe i-glucose.
Ama-ovane - Afunyanwa kuphela kubafazi, ezi zimbini ezincinci zivelisa i-estrogen, i-progesterone kunye ne-inhibin. I-Estrogen kunye ne- progesterone yizona i-hormone zesondo eziphambili ezinoxanduva ezininzi kwiimpawu zesini zesini zesibini. I-inhibin yi-hormone elawula amazinga e-follic ekhuthaza i-hormone, elawula ukuphuhliswa kweqanda.
Iimvavanyo - Iingqungquthela ezimbini ezifunyenwe kuphela kumadoda, amacwecwe avela i-testosterone, i-hormone eyintloko ejongene nempawu zesini zesibini zesini.
Yintoni eyenzekayo ngeengxaki ze-Endocrine?
Naliphi na ixesha elinye lala ma hormone lingekho emgangathweni, ezinye iinkqubo ezininzi, izigulane kunye nama-hormone zinokuchaphazeleka. Abafazi abane- polycystic ovary syndrome , umzekelo, unokubonisa utshintsho kwi-follicle evuselela i-hormone, i-hormone ye-luteinizing, i-androgens (testosterone) kunye ne-insulin, enokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-estrogen. Ukutshintshwa kweyiphi na i-hormone kunokubangela ukuba utshintsho kwisisindo, imetabolism namanqanaba emandla.
Imithombo:
Iimodyuli zoQeqesho zoLwazi, iNkqubo ye-Endocrine. Amaziko eZwelonke wezeMpilo, iNational Cancer Institute. Kufumaneke ngomhla wama-Nov 28, 2009. http://training.seer.cancer.gov
Inkqubo ye-Endocrine: Izifo, iintlobo zeHormones & ezininzi. IHormone Foundation. Kufumaneke ngomhla wama-Nov 28, 2009. http://www.hormone.org/endo101.