Fumana ingxaki encinane okanye unikele ngononophelo ukufika kwabe-paramedics
Le ndlela yokukhawuleza kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuncedisa uncedo lokuqala unokukunceda ufumane inkathazo encinci, ubuncinci de ufikeleleke okanye unokufumana unyango. Ezi mphulo zisekelwe kwiinkqubo zokuncedisa ngo-2010 eziphakanyiswe yi-American Heart Association kunye ne-American Red Cross. Abayifaki indawo yokuqeqeshwa kokuqala kokuncedisa kodwa ingaba isingeniso kwinto onokuyenza.
Isisiseko sokuQala esiSiseko sokuBanjwa kweCardiac
Ukuvuselelwa kweCardiopulmonary (CPR) yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu yonyango kubo bonke. Ukuba umntu unesifo senhliziyo (intliziyo ayisaphumli igazi) kwaye i-CPR ayenziwanga, loo mntu uya kufa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza i-CPR okanye ukusebenzisa i-defibrillator yangaphandle (AED) eyenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo ingasindisa ubomi.
Ungaqala ngokuphonononga izinto ezisiseko zeCPR . Inkqubo yatshintshile kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, ngoko kukulungele ukuthatha iklasi yeCPR kwiziko lezonyango, kwiikholeji zasekuhlaleni, kwi-Red Cross, okanye kwisebe lomlilo. Akukho ndawo ithatha indawo yeklasi kwizandla.
Ii-AED zifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zoluntu kunye namashishini. Ezi zixhobo zilula ukusetyenziswa nangona ungazange uqeqeshelwe. Uqeqesho lweCPR luya kubandakanya ukufundiswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-AED.
Ngokutsho kwe-American Heart Association kunye ne-American Red Cross 2010 izikhokelo, amanyathelo athathatyathwa xa kubanjwe ukunyangwa komzimba kukuba:
- Lalela umntu ukuba abize i-911 okanye inkqubo yokulumka kwezokwelapha kwindawo.
- Ngokukhawuleza qalisa ukuxhomekeka kwesifuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba uqeqesho lwakho. Ukunyanzelisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwesihlubeni, uvumele ukuhlaziywa phakathi kweenkcazo. Nika lo msebenzi phezu kwabo baqeqeshwe ukuba naxa befika.
- Ukuba uqeqeshwe, sebenzisa iifompi zesifuba nokuphefumla.
- I-AED kufuneka isetyenziswe kwaye isetyenziswe. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ungalibali ukuxilwa kwesifuba, ngoko kukufumanisa omnye kufuneka ulawulwe komnye umntu ngelixa usenza izibilini zesifuba.
Isiseko soNcedo lokuQala lokuQala
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba bunzima kangakanani, phantse konke ukuphuma kwegazi kunokulawulwa. Ukuphuma kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo kuya kudla ukuyeka. Ukuba ukuphuma kwegazi okungazange kulawulwe, kungakhokelela ekutshitshiseni nasekugqibeleni ukufa.
Kukho amanyathelo athathathekayo xa ujongene nokuphuma kwegazi ngoku.
- Gubungela isilonda nge-gauze okanye ngendwangu kwaye usebenzise ingcinezelo ecacileyo ukuyeka ukuhamba kwegazi. Musa ukususa ilinen. Yongeza amacandelo amaninzi xa kufuneka. Indwangu iya kunceda ukuvala ifom ukuyeka ukuhamba.
- Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusebenzisa i-tourniquet kungenza umonakalo omkhulu kumlenze kunokulungileyo. Izikhokelo zoMbutho we-American Heart Association nazo zinciphisa ixabiso lokuphakama nokusebenzisa iingcipheko.
Isisiseko sokuQala soBuqala
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukunyanga ukutshisa ukuyeka inkqubo yokutshisa. Iikhemikhali kufuneka zihlanjululwe. Umbane kufuneka uguqulwe. Ukushisa kufuneka kuhlile phantsi ngamanzi asebenzayo. Ixhoba lokutshatyalaliswa kwelanga kufuneka liguqulwe okanye lingene ngaphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni ebangela ukutshisa okanye ukuba kubi kangakanani, ukuyeka ukutshisa kuza ngaphambi kokuba uphathwe.
Ubunzima bokutshisa busekelwe kububanzi kunye nobukhulu. Ngenxa yokutshisa okukhulu, unokufuna ukuba ubone ugqirha okanye ubize i-911 . Thatha amanyathelo okuqala ngoncedo:
- Ukutshisa indawo etshisayo ngamanzi apholileyo emininzi imizuzu embalwa. Ungasebenzisi iqhwa.
- Faka isicelo sebhanki yokukhanya.
- Musa ukusebenzisa amafutha, ibhotela, okanye amayeza omlilo.
- Thatha ibuprofen okanye i-acetaminophen ukuze usikhulule intlungu xa kuyimfuneko.
- Ungawaphuli naluphi na i-blisters engayenza.
Isisiseko sokuQala soNcedo lweBlisters
Ingaba okanye ingekho i-blister idinga nayiphi na unyango efanelekileyo. Ukuba i-blister ibancinci, ingaboni kwaye ayibuhlungu kakhulu, mhlawumbi ingcono ukuyiyeka yedwa. Ukumboza ukukhusela ngokuqhubekayo ukuxubha kunye noxinzelelo oluya kubangela ukuba luqhube ngakumbi kwaye mhlawumbi luqhekeke.
Ukuba i-blister inkulu okanye ibuhlungu-ingakumbi ukuba umsebenzi ungagqityi (njengokuba uphakathi kwenyuka) -landela amanyathelo okukrazula nokugqoka i-blister. Sebenzisa inaliti enyunyiweyo kwaye wenze iiplctures ezincinci ekupheleni kwe-blister kwaye ubonise umbane. Emva koko usetyenzise i-antibiotic oil and cover it to protect it from further rubbing and pressure.
IsiXhosa soNcedo lweZibalo
Konke ukulimala okuphelileyo kufuneka kuphathwe njengamathambo aphukile (amaqhekeza) de ifike i-X-ray.
Kukho zonke iintlobo zezintlu eziphukile zentsimbi, njengokungakwazi ukuhamba emlenzeni ophukileyo okanye nokuba kukho umehluko phakathi kokuphuka nokuphuka. Ukuba awunayo amehlo ka-Superman we-X-ray, yiphatha njengokuba iphukile. Thatha la ma nyathelo ukukhulelwa okukrokrelwayo :
- Musa ukulilungisa.
- Ukuzinzisa isigxina ngokusebenzisa i-splint and padding ukuze uhlale ungashukumi.
- Faka ipakethe ebandayo ebaleni, uphephe ukubeka iqhwa ngqo esikhumbeni.
- Ukuphakamisa umda.
- Nika izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezifana ne-ibuprofen okanye i-naproxen.
Isiseko sokuQala soNcedo lweePrains
Iimpawu ze-sprain ziphantse zifana nezo zenyama ephukile. Xa ungathandabuzeki, uncedo lokuqala lwe-sprains lufanele lusefana namathambo aphukile. Immobilize imilenze, sebenzisa ipakethe ebandayo, iphakame, kwaye ithathe izidakamizwa ezichasayo. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuze uphinde uxilongwe kwaye unyango.
Isiseko sokuQala soNcedo lweNosebleeds
Uninzi lwethu lube neengcongolo zegazi ngexesha elithile ebomini bethu. Kusho nje ukuphuma igazi ngaphakathi kwempumlo ngenxa yengozi. Isizathu esikhulu se-nosebleed sisifo se-digital-enye into eyaziwa ngokuthi uyayikhetha.
Uncedo lokuqala lweempumlo luquka:
- Hlala phambili, ungabuyi.
- Gcoba impumlo ngaphantsi kwebhuloho. Musa ukutyhilela amacinco avaliwe ngokucoca.
- Hlola emva kwemizuzu emihlanu ukubona ukuba ukuphuma kwegazi kuyekile. Ukuba kungenjalo, qhubeka u-pinching kwaye ukhangele emva kweminye imizuzu eyi-10.
- Ungasebenzisa ipakethe ebandayo ebhuloho yempumlo ngelixa udibanisa.
Isiseko sokuQala esiSiseko seFrostbite
I-Frostbite iyenzeka xa izicubu zomzimba ziphosa ngokugqithiseleyo kubanda. Amakristalu e-Ice afana nama-tissue enza umonakalo kwiiseli. Oku kukuchasene nokutshisa, kodwa kusondele umonakalo ofanayo kwesikhumba.
Ukunyusa i-frostbite yinkqubo enobunzima bokufudumala ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, oku kufanele kwenziwe ngabaqeqeshi kwiziko lonyango. Okokuqala, phuma ebusweni. Imimandla encinci yeqabunga elincinci inokuthi ihlaziywe ngokuqhagamshelana nesikhumba, kodwa ugweme ukusebenzisa nayiphi na imithombo yokushisa okanye iipakethe ezishisayo.
Ukuba awukwazi ukuyifumana kwisibonelelo sezonyango, sebenzisa ukucwiliswa kwendawo echaphazelekayo kumanzi afudumele (98 ukuya ku-105 F) imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwe-30 ukuyivuselela. Musa ukutshiza indawo echaphazelekayo okanye ukusebenzisa imithombo yokhuselo.
Isiseko sokuQala soNcedo lweeNyosi zeNyosi
Izinyosi ze-bee zibuhlungu okanye zibulalayo, kuxhomekeka ukuba ngaba ixhoba liyingozi kwi-venom. Sebenzisa ezi ngcebiso zokunceda lokuqala :
- Fumana i-stinger ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi indlela onokuyenza ukukhusela i-venom. Inkolelo yokuba nayiphi na indlela efanelekileyo ilungile okanye yimbi.
- Ukuba loo mntu uyaziwa ngokuba yinyango yokukhangela izinyosi, sebenzisa i-EpiPen ukukhusela i-anaphylaxis okanye ufonele 911 ukuba akukho nanye ifumaneka.
- Sebenzisa ipakethe ebandayo ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwisayithi, kodwa qaphela ukuba ungabangeli ubumnandi .
- Sebenzisa i-antihistamine efana no-Benadryl (diphenhydramine) ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokubetha.
- Zama ibuprofen okanye iTylenol (acetaminophen) ngenxa yentlungu.
- Ukubeka iliso kumntu owayebethelelwe yimpawu ze- anaphylaxis , kubandakanywa nemihlathi, ubomvu okanye ukubetha kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane.
Isisiseko sokuQala esisisiseko kwiJellyfish Stings
Ingxaki kunye ne-jellyfish kukuba baxhamla kumaxhoba abo. Abashukumi baya kuhamba ngephondo elithile ngomzuzu omnye, kwaye baziva ukugquma kwe-jellyfish elandelayo. Uthatha ezi nyathelo zokuqala zoncedo kwi-jellyfish stings .
- Gcoba indawo yesitrato ngokuvuthiweyo ngeviniga ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-30. Ukuba awunayo iviniga ekhoyo, sebenzisa i-baking soda slurry endaweni yoko.
- Gxininisa indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi ashushu, njengotshisayo njengoko umntu angakwazi ukunyamezela, ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiminithi engama-20 okanye kude kube yintlungu. Ukuba amanzi ashisayo ayitholakali, sebenzisa iipakethe ezitshisileyo ezomileyo. Ukuba ezo zingekho, sebenzisa iipakethe ezibandayo. Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa iintlungu azikho ngaphantsi (ezifana nomchamo, uhlamba lwamanzi olutsha, i-papain okanye i-tenderizer yeenyama).
- Ungasebenzisi ibhanti yokucinezelwa.
> Imithombo:
> Berg RA, Hemphill R, Abella BS, et al. Icandelo 5: Inkxaso yeBomi yoBomi be-Basic: I-American Heart Association Guidelines ye-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation kunye noKhuseleko lwe-Cardiovascular Care. Ukuhamba . 2010; 122 (18_suppl_3). i-doi: 10.1161 / i-circulationaha.110.970939.
> Markenson D, Ferguson JD, Chameides L, et al. Icandelo le-17: Usizo lokuqala: 2010 i-American Heart Association ne-American Red Cross Izikhokelo zoNcedo lokuqala. Ukuhamba . 2010; 122 (18_suppl_3). i-doi: 10.1161 / i-circulationaha.110.971150.