I-Canon yeColon ineziNqanaba ezintlanu, kunye neZonyango ezahlukeneyo nganye
Abantu abanezifo zesibindi esivuthayo (IBD) basengozini ekwandiseni ukukhula komhlaza we-colorectal. Nangona i-colon ne-rectal cancers ziphakathi kwezona zikhuseleke kakhulu zeekhensi, zihlala zifumaneke ukuba zivele zibonakalise okanye ziphazamise. Ngelo xesha, umhlaza wekolon unokuba kwisigaba esiphezulu.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba, uninzi lwabantu abane-IBD aluyi kuba nomdlavuza wombala.
Ukususa iipolisi ngexesha le-colonoscopy yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela umdlavuza wekoloni. Ukubona i-gastroenterologist rhoqo kunye nokufumana i-colonoscopy kwishedyuli (ngamanye amaxesha ngonyaka, ngonyaka, okanye kwiminyaka emi-2) yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela umdlavuza wombala. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nomngcipheko wakho ngamnye womhlaza wekolon kunye nendlela yokukhusela ngayo, xela ugastroenterologist okanye ugqirha wakho ogqithisileyo malunga nokuhlola nokukhusela umdlavuza.
Umhlaza wesiqhelo unemigangatho emine eyahlukileyo, kunye nesigaba sesithandathu esibizwa ngokuba "sisigxina." Isigaba ngasinye sineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokonyango kunye neminyaka emihlanu yokusinda . Izigaba kunye namacandelwana angezantsi zivela kwiKomidi eliManyeneyo laseMerika kwiCancer (AJCC) inkqubo yesiteji, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-TNM system.
Isigaba 0 (I-Carcinoma In Situ)
Leli nqanaba lokuqala lomdlavuza. Umhlaza ubandakanya kuphela umbane, okanye i-mucosa, ye-colon okanye i-rectum kwaye ivalwe kwi- polyp (i- tissue bulging) ebusweni bombutho).
Xa iipolisi zisuswe ngexesha le- colonoscopy (inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-polypectomy), ithuba lokuqhubela phambili kumanqanaba omhlaza womhlaza sele liphelile.
Isigaba I
Isigaba I-cancer yomgolon iquka okungaphezulu nje kwendwangu yangaphakathi yekoloni. I-polyp iye yaqhubela phambili kwi-tumor, kwaye iya kwindonga yekolon okanye i-rectum.
Unyango lunokubandakanya utyando ukususa icandelo lekholoni enomdlavuza. Olu hlobo lotyando lubizwa ngokuba yi- resection . Amacandelo anempilo, angenawo umhlaza wekolon abuye aphinde aphinde abuye. Iminyaka emihlanu yeminyaka yokusinda ingama-95 ekhulwini.
Isigaba II
Umdlavuza wesiGaba II umbala xa umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwekolon ukuya kwiisisisi ezijikeleze ikoloni kodwa engasasazeka kwii-lymph nodes. Unomdlavuza usasazeka ngale ndlela ukusuka kwelinye inxalenye yomzimba ukuya kwenye ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Utyando olwenziwe ngokutsha lungasetyenziselwa ukuphatha eli nqanaba lomhlaza. Umlinganiselo weminyaka emihlanu wokusinda komdlavuza we-Stage II ngowama-60 ekhulwini.
Umhlaza wesibeletho seSigaba II uphinde uhlulwe kwi-IIA, i-IIB kunye ne-IIC:
- Isigaba IIA. Umhlaza usukhulile ngokusebenzisa umgca we-muscle wodonga lwekoloni kodwa awuzange uphume ngaphandle kwekholoni.
- Isigaba IIB. Umhlaza uye wanda ngeqonga langaphandle kwindonga yekoloni kodwa akangaphandle kwikholoni.
- Isigaba seIIC. Umhlaza uye wanda ngeqonga elingaphandle kwindonga yamakoloni kunye nezicubu eziseduze.
Isigaba III
I-Cancer eye yasasazeka ngaphandle kwekoloni kwaye iya kwi-lymph nodes kwindawo ejikeleze ikholoni yaziwa njengeSigaba III. Kule nqanaba, umhlaza awusasazekanga kwezinye izitho zomzimba, kwaye unyango lunamandla.
Ukuphinda uphuculo olwenziwe kwikholoni, i- chemotherapy kunye nezinye iindlela zokwelapha zonyango ziyimfuneko. Umlinganiselo weminyaka emihlanu wokusinda unama-35 ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini.
Umdlavuza weklasi weSigaba III uphinde uhlukaniswe kwi-IIIA, IIIB, ne-IIIC:
- Isigaba IIIA. Esi sithuba singachaza enye yeemeko ezimbini: 1) umhlaza ungaphakathi kwimiqolo engaphakathi nephakathi kwodonga lwamakholoni; kusenokwenzeka ukuba isasazelele kumgca we-muscle; kwaye ichaphazela phakathi kwesithathu kunye neethambo ezilwanyana ezinqambileyo kunye ne-lymph node okanye 2) umhlaza ungaphakathi kwinqanaba langaphakathi nangaphakathi phakathi kwodonga lwekoloni kwaye lichaphazela phakathi kwee-lymph nodes ezine.
- Isigaba IIIB. Esi sithuba singachaza enye yeemeko zintathu: 1) umhlaza uhamba kuzo zonke iindonga zodonga lwekoloni kwaye zichaphazela phakathi kwesithathu kunye neyesithathu zelulini okanye 2) umhlaza ungowomgca we-muscle kunye / okanye ubume obungaphandle bodonga lwekolon kwaye ithintela phakathi kwee-lymph nodes ezi-4 okanye ezi-6) umhlaza ungaphakathi kwendawo eluphakathi nangaphakathi phakathi kwodonga lwamakholoni, unokubekwa kwinqanaba le-muscle, kwaye lichaphazela i-lymph nodes ezisixhenxe okanye ngaphezulu.
- Isigaba IIIC. Esi sithuba singachaza enye yeemeko zintathu: 1) umhlaza uhamba kuzo zonke iindonga zodonga lwekoloni kwaye zichaphazela phakathi kwee-lymph nodes ezi-4 okanye i-2) umhlaza ungowomgca we-muscle kunye / okanye ubume obungaphandle bodonga lwekolon kwaye ichaphazela i-lymph nodes okanye i-lymph nodes okanye ngaphezulu). Umhlaza osemigqeni yodonga lwekolon, uye wasasazeka kwizitho ezikufutshane, kwaye inokuchaphazela i-lymph nodes okanye izicubu ezinamafutha eduze kwee-lymph nodes.
Isigaba IV
Kule nqanaba, umdlavuza wawusasazelele kwezinye izitho zomzimba ezifana nemiphunga, amaqanda, okanye isibindi. Ukongeza kwindlela yokurhweba kunye ne-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation kunye nokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ezinye iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zomzimba kunokufuneka. Kule nqanaba, kunokufumana ithuba elilodwa kuphela lokufikelela kumanqaku eminyaka emihlanu yokusinda.
Umdlavuza wesigaba se-IV uphinde uhlulwe kwi-IVA ne-IVB:
- Isigaba IVA. Kulo mhlathi umhlaza unganqumla udonga lwekoloni, mhlawumbi unokuchaphazela i-lymph nodes okanye izitho ezikufuphi, kwaye usasazeke kwelinye iqumrhu elingasondele kwikholoni.
- Isigaba IVB. Kulo mhlathi umhlaza ungadlulela eludongeni lwekolon, mhlawumbi lunokuchaphazela i-lymph nodes okanye izitho ezikufuphi, kwaye usasazeke kwiqela elingaphandle kwelinye elingaphandle kwikholoni okanye udonga lwesisu.
I Khredithi ephindaphindiweyo
I-Cancer ebuyela kwakhona emva kokunyanga, mhlawumbi kwikholoni, okanye kwenye inxalenye yomzimba, ibizwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngaphandle kokuba unyango oluyimpumelelo lomhlaza wekolon, ukuhlolwa rhoqo rhoqo kuyimfuneko ukubamba umhlaza osemva.
Kwimigangatho yokuqala, umdlavuza wekoloni ungomnye weengcingo eziphilisa kakhulu. Kamva - ngowesibili kakhulu. Umdlavuza weColon ngowona wesibini obangela ukufa komdlavuza eMelika (umhlaza wemiphunga ngowokuqala). Ngokuchasene neenkolelo eziqhelekileyo, kuphela iipesenti ezili-15 zezigulane zomdlavuza wekoloni kufuneka zibe ne- colostomy esigxina.
Thintelo
Nceda uthethe ugqirha wakho malunga nemingcipheko yomdlavuza wekolon, kwaye uhlolwe xa ufanelekileyo. Abantu abane-IBD banomngcipheko ophezulu, kodwa ukunyamekela i-IBD kwi-gastroenterologist nokugcina i-colonoscopy aphoyintimenti kuya kuhamba indlela ende ekukhutsheni nayiphi na iipolisi kunye nokugcina iso kwizinto eziqhubekayo kwikoloni. Wonke umntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 kufuneka ahlolwe umhlaza womhlaza. Olunye uhlazo kunye neentloni ngexesha le-colonoscopy lixabiso elincinci lokuhlawula ubomi bakho.
Imithombo:
National Cancer Institute. "Izigaba zeCaron Cancer". Amaziko eZwelonke wezeMpilo eMelika. 16 Meyi 2013.
American Cancer Society. "I-Cancer Colorectal isisigxina njani?" American Cancer Society, Inc. Jul 30 2013.