Xa ufunda izifundo zonyango, la magama atyala ngokukhawuleza
Amagama athi "isiganeko" kunye "nokusabalalisa" kubhekisela kwinani labantu abanempilo ethile. "Isiganeko" sithetha inani labantu abasandul 'ukufumana ingxaki, ngelixa "ukuxhaphaka" kubandakanya abantu abasandul' ukufumana ingxaki, kunye nabantu abaye bafunyaniswa kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye, ukuba ulwazi lunokufumaneka, abantu abangafumanekiyo.
La magama ayadideka, kwaye abanye abantu basebenzise ngokuchanekileyo (nangona bengenakutshintshana!).
Isiganeko sichaza umngcipheko wamanje wokufumana isifo esithile, ngelixa ukuxhaphaza kusitsho ukuba bangaphi abantu abahlala kulo mqathango, kungakhathaliseki ukuba (okanye nokuba ngaba) baye bafumanisa ukuba banesifo esithile.
Isiganeko kunye nokuPhalala Kuvela kwi-Epidemiology
Zimbini iziganeko kunye nokuxhaphaka ngamagama asetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-epidemiology. I-Epidemiology liSebe leyeza elijongene nalo (mhlawumbi uqikelele) ukuba bangaphi abantu abanesifo esithile, yiziphi iingozi ezithengisa isifo, kwenzeka ntoni kubantu abafumana eso sifo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, njani ukukhusela izifo ukuba zenzeke .
Enye enye ixesha kwi-epidemiology kufuneka ukwazi: kubemi. Abadlali be-epidemiologist bafunda abantu abathile-ngokomzekelo, banokufunda abantu abadala abahlala e-US njengabantu abathile.
Abantu bangabanzi (bonke abantwana baseChina) okanye ngaphezulu (bonke abantu abadala aseAsia abahlala e-New York City). Ukucacisa abantu abathile bavumela i-epidemiologists ukuba zibone ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifaka ingozi kwisifo sabo sengozi, kwaye ukuba loo mingcipheko ingase ihluke njani kwimingcipheko yabanye abantu.
Oluthe xaxa malunga neNtshukumo nokuPhelela
Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziza kukunceda ukuba usebenze kwiimeko kunye nokusabalalisa.
Ukuba, umzekelo, sithetha ukuba iziganeko zesifo se- celiac kwimisebenzi yabasemagunyeni base-US yayingu-6.5 kwi-100,000 ngo-2008, oko kuthetha ukuba ngamalungu emikhosi asebenzayo amabutho anesithandathu kunye nengxenye kuwo onke ama-100,000 asebenzayo emkhosini afumaneka ukuba nesifo se-celiac 2008. (Ngokwenene uphando lubonisa oku.)
Isiganeko sichaza ukuba bangaphi abantu abafumene ukuba banesifo esithile kwindawo ethile yabantu. Kwimeko apho, isifo esifundekileyo sasisifo se-celiac, kwaye uluntu lwafundwa lwaba basebenzi bezempi base-US.
Ukubaluleka, okwangoku, kukuxelela ukuba baninzi abantu abaneemeko ezithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafunyanwe nje, okanye nokuba ngaba bafumanisekile.
Ukuze sibambelele kwisibonelo sethu sesifo se-celiac, uqikelelo olutshanje lwesifo se-celiac e-United States kubantu abaneminyaka emithandathu ubudala nangaphezulu libonisa ukuba ukusaba ngu-0.71%. Oko kuthetha malunga neyonke abantu abayi-141 abaneminyaka eli-6 ubudala nangaphezulu eUnited States enezifo ezinjalo, nangona ngokutsho kwesi sifundo, abaninzi abantu abaneemeko (malunga nama-83%) abazi ukuba banalo.
Izilumkiso malunga nokuSebenza kunye nokuPhukela
Awukwazi ukuthatha amanani kwisifundo esinye kwisiganeko okanye ukusabalalisa kuya kusebenza kwabanye abantu.
Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yokuba isifo se-celiac e-United States singama-0.71% (omnye kwabafundi abayi-141 abangaphezulu kweminyaka emithandathu ubudala), awukwazi ukucinga ukuxhaphaka kwamanye amazwe - kuthi, kumazwe ase-Asia - njengoko ku-US, ekubeni abo bantu banemizimba eyahlukeneyo kwaye balandela iindlela zokutya ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela yokuphila.
Enyanisweni, ukusabalalisa kwezifo ezinqabileyo kuncinci kumazwe amaninzi aseAsia, ngenxa yokuba izifo zeengqungquthela zesifo se-celiac aziqhelekanga kubantu baseAsia.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusabalalisa kwezifo ezinqabileyo eYurophu kuphantse kufumaneka kwi-US, ekubeni i-genetics kunye nokutya kwabo bantu babini bafana.
Imithombo:
Altobelli E et al. Umthwalo weengxaki zeliliac eYurophu: ukuhlaziywa kobuntwana bakhe kunye nokukhula kwabantu abadala kunye neemeko ngoSeptemba 2014. Annali di Igiene. 2014 NgoNovemba-Dec; 26 (6): 485-98.
Cummins AG et al. Ubuninzi besifo se-celiac kwi-Asia-Pacific. Umbhalo weGastroenterology kunye neHepatology . 2009 Aug; 24 (8): 1347-51.
Rubio-Tapia A et al. Ukuxhaphaka kwesifo se-celiac e-United States. I-American Journal yeGastroenterology . 2012 Oct; 107 (10): 1538-44; Imibuzo 1537, 1545.