Ngokuchasene noko abantu abaninzi bakholelwa, umkhuhlane awukho nje ubanda obubi okanye isifo sesisu . Isifo esibalulekileyo sokuphefumula esibulala abaninzi abantu abangama-56 000 ngonyaka eMelika. Uninzi lwaba bantu bafa bakholelwa ekubeni ngabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso abantwana abangaphezu kwe-100 bafa ngamnye ngonyaka ngenxa yomkhuhlane, kwaye abantwana abancinci kakhulu basengozini ekujonganeni nezifo ezinobungozi ezinokufa ezifana ne-pneumonia okanye i-sepsis.
Ukuba ungumzali okanye umgcini womntwana omncinci okanye usana, nantoni na oku kufuneka ukwazi malunga nokuba ungafa njani ngentsholongwane kwaye yiziphi iimpawu zokulumkisa ukujonga ukuba umntwana wakho uyagula.
Xa i-Flu ingaba yingozi
Ukufa kwabantu abaninzi abanomkhuhlane akusiyo igalelo elichanekileyo lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane , kodwa kunokuba kubekho uchungechunge olunzima lweempendulo ezikhutshwe yi-HIV. Kwezinye iimeko, umkhuhlane wenza ukuba iimeko zonyango ezikhoyo zibi okanye zivulele umnyango wezinto ezintsha, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, iimpendulo zomzimba wethu kwintsholongwane yinto echaphazelekayo.
Ukuvutha
Zininzi zezinto ezinxulumene nomzimba ofana nesifo somkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane-ngokwenene isenzo sethu somzimba kubahlaseli. Xa sisulelekile ngeentsholongwane ezinjengegciwane okanye ibhaktheriya, isimiso somzimba wethu we-immune senza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqalisa ukuhlaselwa. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa (umkhuhlane), umzekelo, yindlela yethu yomzimba yokuzama ukubulala abahlaseli abangenako ukusinda kwindawo engqongileyo.
Enye indlela imizimba yokuzikhusela ngayo ngokuthumela amajoni ezinyawo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cytokines. Ezi proteins zenziwa ngama-immune cells - cinga amangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe - ngokukodwa zenzelwe ukunqanda intsholongwane ngokusondeza kwabo bahlaseli kunye nokuchaphazela indlela iiseli zethu ezisebenza ngayo. Kwezinye iimeko, umzimba unganyusa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane njengomkhuhlane kwaye uthumele i-cytokines ehamba phambili kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi "cytokine storm". Xa kwenzeka oko, isistim somzimba singakwazi ukukhupha ukulawula, kubangele ukuvuvukala nokulimaza iiseli zomzimba wethu kunye nezicubu.
Kwezinye iimeko, oku kungakhokelela ekufeni komzimba okanye ekuhlaleni .
Izifo kunye nezimo eziSondlo
Ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane ungakushiya unobungozi kwezinye iindidi zokusuleleka, ikakhulukazi impumoniya okanye i-strep ebangelwa yiibhaktheriya. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zempilo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisenokukwazi ukulwa nalezi zifo ngaphandle kokukhupha, kodwa imizimba ekhulelwe ngumkhuhlane inexesha elinzima lokuzikhusela. Njengokusuleleka ngumkhuhlane wefestile, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunokusenza i-response-immune response response or causing a body or lungs to shut down.
Iimeko ezikhoyo
Kubantu abaneengxaki zonyango ezikhoyo, intsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane inokwenza imicimbi yezempilo imbi ibe yingozi. Abantwana abanesifo se-asthma, umzekelo, banomoya okhukhumelekileyo kunye noomoya ovuthayo ongenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ukuba ngaba unesifo sengculaza, intsholongwane ingabangela ukuba iindawo zomoya ezinokuthi zithintele ukuba zenzeke ngakumbi, zibangele ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma okanye zenze ukuba zithinteke ukusuleleka kwizifo zesibini ezifana ne-pneumonia.
Amaqela aphezulu
Abantu abathile baninzi kunokuba abanye babe neengxaki ezinzima kumkhuhlane. Ezi ziquka:
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, kodwa ngakumbi abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-2
- Bafazi abakhulelweyo
- Abantu abadala, abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala
- Abemi bezindlu zabongikazi kunye neendawo zokunakekelwa kwexesha elide
- AmaNdiya aseAlaskan namaNdiya aseMerika
- Abantu abathile abaneengxaki zonyango, ezifana nesifo se-asthma, izifo ze-neurological, imiphunga okanye isifo senhliziyo, okanye iintsholongwane ezibuthathaka ngenxa yezifo (njenge-HIV) okanye unyango lwezonyango (njenge-chemotherapy).
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngelixa abo bantu banomdla wokukhuhlane, abayena kuphela abaya kufa kwi-HIV. Abantwana abanempilo kunye nabadala abangenayo imbali yeengxaki zonyango banokufa kunye nomkhuhlane kunye neengxaki eziphathelene nefuthe. Enyanisweni, ukususela ngo-2010-2016, isiqingatha sazo zonke abantwana abafayo ngumkhuhlane babengenayo imeko yezokwelapha.
Iimpawu zeengozi zeHlu
Ngelixa abantwana abaninzi bezempilo bekwazi ukubuyela kumkhuhlane nje kuphela ekhaya, abanye badinga ingqalelo yonyango. Uphando lubonisa ukuba phantse amabini kwisithathu kubantwana abafelwa ngumkhuhlane ukususela ngo-2010-2016 benza njalo ngeveki nje yokuba neempawu, ngoko ke ukuphawula izibonakaliso zokuqala ezibalulekileyo kunzima. Ukuba uyaphawula nayiphi na impawu okanye iimpawu ezilandelayo, biza umnonophelo wakho oyintloko ngononophelo okanye ufune unyango kwangoko.
Umkhuhlane ophezulu okanye odelelekileyo
Ukutshisa iqondo lokushisa libonakalisa uphawu oluqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane. Imifumba enye yeendlela zethu imizimba yokuzama ukulwa nezifo, kwaye zinokuba luncedo xa unesifo. Kodwa ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu kwiintsuku ngexesha kunokuqalisa umonakalo emzimbeni kwaye ube ngumqondiso wokuba uncedo oluninzi lufunekayo. Ukuba unenkxalabo yokushisa komntwana wakho ophakamileyo, okanye xa uqala ukufumana izifo ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane, biza ugqirha wengane yakho ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuguquka kweBlue okanye iinguqulelo ekuphefumlweni
Umkhuhlane uyisifo sokuphefumula, ngoko kubalulekile ukubukela iimpawu ukuba umntwana wakho akaphefumli kakuhle. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala engaphefumli okanye ephefumula ngokukhawuleza, okanye kubonakala ngathi aphendukile okwesibhakabhaka, kunokubonisa ukuba baneenkathazo ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye / okanye ukuba umzimba wabo awufumani oksijini-kwaye ubuchopho, intliziyo kunye nezihlunu zidinga i-oksijeni ukwenza imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kwayo, izitho zingonakaliswa, mhlawumbi zibe nemiphumo emibi njengenguqu yengqondo okanye yokuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhono zamandla (njengokuhamba okanye ukulinganisela), okanye ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo. Abantwana abanenkinga yokuphefumula bangadinga unyango olongezelelweyo lwezonyango ezinjenge-antibiotics ngenxa yempumoniya okanye ukunyanga ukuphefumla okanye ukufakwa esibhedlele ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana oksijini.
Intloko / iNeck Stick
Le miqondiso ingabonisa ukuba i- meningitis okanye ukuvuvukala ecaleni kwengqondo kunye nomgudu onokuthi ube nefuthe elide okanye elibi nakubantwana. Ukuba umntwana wakho akanakukuxelela ukuba intloko yabo iyabuhlungu okanye ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba intamo yabo iqinile, yabona ukuba iinki zabo zingathinta isifuba. Ukunyamezela ngenyameko intloko yabo, kwaye ukuba ayikwazi ukufikelela, oku kungaba ngumqondiso wesifo se-meningitis, kwaye abazali kunye nabanakekeli kufuneka bafune unyango lwangoku.
Ukungaphuzi izixhobo ezifanelekileyo
Abazali abaninzi bayazi ukuba bafuna ukuphelelwa umdaka xa abantwana babo benesifo esiswini kodwa bengenakucinga ngayo ngezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane. Abanye abantwana (nangona kungengabo bonke) bahlanza xa benesifo sokukhuhlane, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ngokunyaniseka komntwana wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane unokwenza abantwana badinwe kwaye bafuna ukulala yonke imini nobusuku bonke baze bafumane-into enokuyenza ibe yimbi ngokukhulelwa kwamanzi. Phakathi kwezinto zokulala, abantwana mabazame ukuthabatha amancinci amancinci (okanye kwintsana, isifuba okanye ifomula) ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana izixhobo ezinokwakheka.
Ukuba awukwazi ukuba umntwana wakho unxweme, enye indlela yokujonga kukugcina iliso kwinani lamaxesha ahamba ngayo kwisitya sokuhlambela kunye nombala womchamo. Ukuba umntwana uhamba ngaphantsi kunexesha eliqhelekileyo kunye / okanye umchamo unobumba obumnyama, ngoko ke kungenzeka ukuba umntwana wakho akafumani uketshezi okwaneleyo. Ezinye iimpawu zokungcoliswa kwemiphunga ukuze zijonge zibandakanya imilomo eyomileyo, izandla ezisezantsi kunye neenyawo, amehlo anelanga, kunye nokukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi. Ukuba le miqondiso ibonakala, umboneleli wakho wezonyango unokufuna ukubona umntwana wakho okanye akukhokele esibhedlele okanye kwenye indawo ukufumana i-IV fluids.
Ukwehliswa okukhulu
Xa ungaziva kakuhle, kunokuba nzima ukuhlala uvuyayo, u-lucky-self. Kodwa iintlungu kunye neentlungu ezivela kumkhuhlane zingenza nokuba umntu olula kakhulu uhamba. Kwabaninzi abantwana, ukukhwela embhedeni okanye embhedeni unokuhamba ixesha elide ukuze kuncitshiswe iimpawu zomkhuhlane. Oko kuthetha ukuba, ukuba umntwana wakho uyacaphukisa ukuba abafuni ukubanjwa okanye ukuba ubencede nabo, oko kungabonakalisa into into ephosakeleyo kwaye kufuneka ubize umniki-mpahla wonyango wakho ukuba awazi.
Ukungathobeli
Umkhuhlane ungabangela iintloko ezintle kunye nomzimba wonke umzimba wakho, ungakhankanyi umkhuhlane kunye nokuphelelwa ngumzimba onokutshatyalaliswa yonke into yokugqibela yamandla. Kodwa kukho umehluko phakathi kokungazivumi ukudlala ngenxa yokuba awuva kakuhle kwaye ungayithobeli. Ukuba umntwana oqhelekileyo kakhulu ongaphenduliyo nayiphi na imibuzo, okanye awukwazi ukuwavusa kwipuphu, biza udokotela ngokukhawuleza.
Ukubonakala ukuba Ulunge, Ube Unzima
Ukuphindaphinda kungabonisa ukuba umntwana wakho unentsholongwane yesibini okanye inkxalabo ngenxa yesifo, njengemiphunga yomoya. Ukuba umntwana wakho ugula kwakhona kungekudala emva kokuba abonise iimpawu zokuphucula, jonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza ukuba uqaphele utshintsho.
Ukukhusela nokukhuselwa kweMfuyo
Amanyathelo angamayeza angundoqo anonyango angancedisa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ukuba bahlawule ngokukhupha umkhuhlane kwaye bagweme ukulaliswa esibhedlele okanye ukufa: ugonyo kunye ne-antitivirals.
Ukugonywa
Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo kunye ne-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, ukugonywa ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu onokuzenza ukuze ukhusele abantwana bakho kwiimeko ezinzulu okanye ezibulalayo zomkhuhlane. Kungenxa yokuba ukugonya kukunceda umzimba womntwana wakha izikhuselo ezifunekayo ukulwa nomkhuhlane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezo zikhuselo zanele ukukhusela ukuba bangabhubhi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa nangona kungenjalo (kwaye baya kugula nangoko), kunokubanceda ngokwaneleyo kwintsholongwane yokuqala ukukhupha intsholongwane.
Ngaphandle kokugonywa, kunokuhlala kuthatha iiveki zomzimba wakho ukwakha izikhuselo ezaneleyo zokulwa nesifo sengculaza. Okwangoku, intsholongwane ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ukugonywa kwegciwane lomngcipheko wempilweni yokufa ngumkhuhlane ngamabini kwisithathu. Ngamaxesha omhla wentsholongwane, ama-4 kwi-5 abantwana abafa ngumkhuhlane abazange bagonywe. Nangona kwiminyaka xa igciwane lokugonya umkhuhlane lingengomdlalo ogqithiseleyo kwiimpawu zentsholongwane yonyaka, ugonywa lunokuthi lukhusele ukuqikelelwa kwezibhedlele ezingama-67,000 kunye nezifo ezizigidi ezizigidi, ezininzi zazo ezingabantwana.
IAntivirals
Ukuba umkhuhlane uyafumaneka kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala kweempawu okanye ukuba umntwana wakho usemncinci, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuncoma ukuba aqalise kumachiza omhlaza. Ezi zonyango ayilona unyango lomkhuhlane, kodwa zinokukunceda ukugcina intsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane isasazeke kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni, ukunika i-immune system ithuba lokulwa nayo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba ugula ixesha elincinci kwaye ube neempawu ezinzima kakhulu, kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba nzima.
Ezi zonyango azikhuthazelwanga kuwo wonke umntu kwaye zigcinwa kuphela kulabo ababhekwa njengengozi ephezulu yeengxaki ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane. Akunjalo kwakhona endaweni yokugonya umkhuhlane. Kodwa ingaba luncedo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokubhedleleka okanye ukufa, ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ukuqikelela Ukufa Kwemvelo Kwamaxesha Okufa e-United States.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Iimpawu zoMbane kunye neengxaki.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. I-Flu: Yintoni enokuyenza xa ugula.
> Rolfes MA, IMFoppa IM, Garg S, Flannery B, Brammer L, Singleton JA, et al. Izifo zokugula, ukuvakashelwa kwezonyango, izibhedlele, kunye nokufa okuchazwe yiNtsholongwane eMelika. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo.