Ingxabano iyaqhubeka kwiimpembelelo zezeMpilo, kubandakanywa neengozi ze-Thyroid
Ngowokuqala kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-60, urhulumente wesigungu sele utshintshe iingcebiso malunga nomlinganiselo we- fluoride ngamanzi okusela . Iinqununu ezintsha zithetha ukuba uluhlu olufanelekileyo kufuneka lunqunywe malunga nesiqingatha, ukusuka kwi-0.7 ukuya kwi-1.2 milligram ye- fluoride nganye ilitha yamanzi ukuya kumgangatho omtsha we -7 milligrams we-fluoride nganye ilitha.
Ngokutsho kweSekela likaGqirha-Jikelele uDkt. Boris Lushniak, "Utshintsho luyanconywa kuba ngoku amaMelika anokufikelela kwimithombo engaphezulu yefluoride, njengamazinyo zokugcoba kunye nemilenze yomlomo kunokuba yenziwe xa i-fluoridation iqalelwa kuqala eMelika.
Inqanaba elitsha eliphakanyisiweyo liza kugcina inzuzo yokukhusela ukukhuselwa kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa ukuvela kwe-teeth fluorosis. "
I-dental fluorosis yintsholongwane yamazinyo, ngenxa yokugqithisa kakhulu ukuphuma kwe-fluoride. I-fluorosis efudumele ibangela amabala amhlophe ngamazinyo, kunye nokugqithisa okukhulu kwe-fluorosis kunokubangela ama-brown stains kunye ne-mottling and discoloration kwamazinyo. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuThintelwa, amaninzi angama-41 ekhulwini aseMelika aneminyaka eyi-12 ukuya kwe-15 anesifo se-fluorosis, kwaye eso silinganiso sanda. Yintoni ebonakala ngathi i-fluorosis? Nantsi isithunzi esichaza kakhulu, sinobukhulu, sinomlinganiselo, kwaye sishushu kakhulu.
I-Fluoride Controversy
Kulinganiselwa ukuba amabini amabini aseMerika asele amanzi aphuphuma amanzi, xa kuthelekiswa neNtshona Yurophu, apho kuphela i-3% yabemi ephuza amanzi aphuza amanzi. I-American Dental Association kunye nee-arhente zempilo zonyango ziyaqhubeka zigcina ukuba i-fluoride ikhuselekile kwaye ukuba yingozi yonyango kuphela i-fluorosis, abavakalelwa kukuba iya kubhekiswa zizikhokelo ezikhuthaza ukunciphisa amanqanaba.
Ukunciphisa ukunconywa kwamanqanaba e-fluoride akukwaneliseki abachasi be-fluoride, abadibanisa ukukhutshwa kwe-fluoride kwimibandela yempilo. Intengiso ye-Fluoride Action igcina uluhlu lweemeko, kunye neenkcazo zophando, ukudibanisa i-fluoride kwi-arthritis, iziphumo zesisu, izifo zenthambo, iziphumo zengqondo, isifo sesifo, umhlaza, ukuzala owesilisa, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazanyiswa kwe-endocrine kunye nesifo se-thyroid, phakathi kwezinye iimeko.
UMichael Connett we-Fluoride Action Network uye wacela ukuphela kwe-fluoridation e-US.
Ngethuba lethu lixesha eliphakamileyo lokuba iUnited States iqalise ukulandela indlela ethatyathwe yinkoliso yehlabathi leNtshona kunye nokuyeka ukuhambisa amanzi ngamanzi. Yenza ingqiqo ngakumbi kulabo bantu abafuna ukusebenzisa i-fluoride ukuyixubusha kumazinyo abo, bayiphalaze kwaye ngaloo ndlela usebenzise i-fluoride kwiisishu kuphela kuphela emzimbeni oza kuzuza. Kwaye awubonakalisi zonke izicubu zomzimba.
Omnye umchasi oyintloko nguDkt. Philippe Grandjean, ugqirha kunye nompempi wezempilo kwendalo kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard. UDkt Grandjean ukholelwa ukuba amanqanaba kufuneka abe phantsi, ngenxa yempembelelo yezempilo yefuthe. Kwimeko yakhe, iinkxalabo zakhe zihambelana nezifundo ezibonisa amanqanaba aphantsi e-IQ kubantwana abavelele kwi-fluoride. Ngokutsho kwe-Fluoride Action Network, i-43 yezi-50 zophando zophando zabantu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-fluoride ephakamileyo kuhambelana namazinga e-IQ aphantsi. Kwiziko lakhe, i-Chemical Brain Drain, uDkt. Grandjean uthe:
Phakathi kwezinto ezifunyenweyo, abantwana abaneentsholongwane ezibangelwa i-fluoride yamazinyo abo - nokuba neefom zezona zimpawu ezintle ezibonakala njengezingqungquthela ezimhlophe kwi-enamel - zibonisa ukusebenza okuphantsi kwezinye iimvavanyo ze-neuropsychological. Lo mbono uhamba ngokuchasene nobulumko obudumileyo ukuba imiphumo ye-enamel ibonisa ingxaki yokuzongcola kuphela kwaye ayikho uphawu lobutyhefu. Okungenani omnye wabantwana baseMerika abahlanu banesilinganiso esithile sokuhamba kwamazinyo abo ... Nangona ikhonkco phakathi kwamazinyo anamafutha kunye nobutyha obuchopho buya kubonakala ngakumbi, ukukholwa kokungaqiniseki akusisizathu sokubangela ukuqhutyelwa kwempikiswano ngongoma. Ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwengqondo yamachiza kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kubuncinci njengokukhuselwa kwiindawo zokucima.
Uphononongo olutshanje kwiphephancwadi ye- Environmental Health lufumene ukuba amazinga aphakamileyo yamanzi aphefumlelweyo anenani eliphezulu leNkcazo yokuKhathazeka kweMpilo okanye i-ADHD. Oko bafumene ekuhlalutyweni kwabo kukuba i-1 ekhulwini yeepesenti yokwanda kwenzululwazi yayidibaniswe nama-67,000 ukuya ku-131 000 olongezelelweyo uvavanyo lwe-ADHD ngexesha le-2003 ukuya ku-2011.
NgokukaWilliam Hirzy, umphandi waseYunivesithi yaseMerika, kunye nomntu owayengumcebisi wovavanyo lwengozi kwi-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo:
Amanani amatyala angaphezulu anxulumene nepesenti enye kunyuka kwi-1992 i-fluoridation yokufakelwa [amanani] maninzi. Ngamafutshane, kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba njengoko ukwenziwa kwe-fluoridation yamanzi yanda, kunjalo na iziganeko ze-ADHD.
Uxhumo lwe-Thyroid
Enye inkxalabo yezempilo malunga ne-fluoride yimpembelelo enokuthi i-fluoride isebenze kwi-thyroid . Kukho iiphononongo ezidibanisa isifo se-thyroid ukuze uhlalutye i-fluoride, ngelixa abanye bangabonakali.
Inkomfa kaFebruwari 2015 ye- Journal of Epidemiology kunye neMpilo yezoLuntu, nangona kunjalo, ichazwe ngokubanzi okuqhutyelwayo eNgilani, ukuthelekisa amazinga e-hypothyroidism kwimimandla engahambisani ne-fluoridated.
Bafumanisa ukuba indawo eneemveliso zamanzi ezifake amanzi ngamanzi ayengaphezulu kwama-30 ekhulwini amathuba okuba nemilinganiselo ephakamileyo ye- hypothyroidism , xa kuthelekiswa neendawo eziphantsi kwamanqanaba e-fluoride. Ngokubanzi, kukho iipesenti ezili-9 ezongezelelekileyo ze-thyroid ezikhoyo kwiindawo ezifakwe kwi-fluoridated.
Ngokolu cwaningo, "i-West Midlands (indawo epheleleyo ye-fluoridated area) iphantse kabili inokuthi ibhengeze ngokuphezulu kwe-hypothyroidism ngokuthelekiswa ne-Greater Manchester (indawo engekho i-fluoridated area)." Baphetha ngokuthi: "Ukufunyaniswa kweso sifundo kuphakamisa uxhalabo oluthile malunga nokusebenza kwe-fluoridation yoluntu njengendlela ekhuselekileyo yempilo yoluntu."